Tres Marias Research Articles

O Bildungsroman feminino em As três Marias de Rachel de Queiroz

As três Marias, de Rachel de Queiroz, relata o encontro e experiências de três jovens mulheres após ingressarem em um colégio interno, bem como os distintos caminhos percorridos por cada uma na faseadulta de suas vidas. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma análise desse romance considerando suas características, as quais refletem o Bildungsroman feminino. Para além disso, o texto aponta algumas distinções entre o Bildungsroman tradicional e sua variante feminina. A discussão apresentada dialoga com ponderações de Mikhail Bakhtin (2011), Franco Moretti (2020), Elaine Hoffman Baruch (1981), Camila Brändström (2009), dentre outras que aludem à temática em questão

Biomolecule composition and draft genome of a novel, high-lipid producing Scenedesmaceae microalga

Lipid biosynthesis in microalgae can be stimulated by cultivation in low nitrogen medium. MACC-401 was isolated from the soil surface in Tres Marias (MG-Brazil). The strain shows the morphological characteristics of the Scenedesmaceae green algae. The daily biomass and lipid production of MACC-401 is remarkable, 0.36 g L−1 and 110 mg L−1, respectively. Exploration of the genetic background of this promising strain not only allows the utilization of this species for industrial-scale lipid production, but also provides genetic targets to select lipid-producing strains from microalgae collections. We conducted physiological experiments by cultivating MACC-401 in complete and N-limited media and performed genome sequencing as well as transcriptome analysis. The estimated nuclear genome size of MACC-401 is 99.503 Mbp and the chloroplast genome is 0.15 Mbp. The phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the MACC-401 belongs to the Scenedesmaceae family, and represents a genetically distinct accession in this family. A basic comparative transcriptome analysis resulted in the identification of N-starvation responsive genes, which could serve as markers to monitor the onset of lipid accumulation in algal cultures.

Tectonic Analysis of the Southern of María Cleofas Island from Bathymetric and Seismic Data

The TsuJal geophysical survey was conducted during the spring of 2014 with the aim to characterize the crustal structure of western Mexico. This geophysical experiment focused on active geological formations such as subduction, faults, and accretionary prisms, which are related to the seismic and tsunamigenic activity. In this work, we used seismic and bathymetric data to characterize the interaction between the Rivera plate (RP) and the North America plate south of Maria Cleofas Island. By defining the structural trends and subsurface geology, we sought to understand the complexity of the tectonic framework of western Mexico. A migrated seismic section and bathymetric maps were generated via the acquisition and processing of TsuJal geophysical data. Bathymetric data show major seafloor structures related to two basins (Tres Marias and TsuJal), one canyon (Cocodrilo Canyon), and an uplift structure with a north–south trend (Sierra de Cleofas [SC]). Seismic data reveal a compressional regime related to the movement of the RP at the westernmost end of the seismic section and lack of deformation in sediments within the two basins found adjacent to SC. From the results of our data analysis as well as corroborating literature, we interpret an underthrusting of RP beneath the North America plate, causing a compressional tectonic regime with the formation of palm-tree structures. The lack of deformation may be associated with a heated oceanic plate that facilitates the relative motion of the basement below the sediments.

Reproduction and morphology of Central American and Tres Marias spinner dolphins in the eastern tropical Pacific

AbstractFour geographic forms of spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris) occur in the eastern tropical Pacific. Two of the forms are pelagic: the eastern and whitebelly, and two are coastal: the Central American and Tres Marias spinner dolphins. Of these, only the Tres Marias form lacks recognition appropriate for developing management and conservation plans. Vertical aerial photographs of 57 spinner dolphin schools taken between 1988 and 2006 were used to examine the range of coastal forms and to characterize their calving seasons. On the basis of adult body length, spinner dolphins photographed off Guerrero, Mexico, were identified as those of the Central American form, which is north of their known range, and those photographed farther north, approximately 112 km off Nayarit, Mexico, were identified as the Tres Marias form. Calving peaked from October through March, and there was evidence that calving seasons differed among geographic forms with coastal forms calving later than pelagic forms. We present the first life history parameter estimates for the coastal forms of spinner dolphins, provide additional support for recognition of the Tres Marias form, and the first evidence of the Central American form occurring north of the Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico.

Concentração letal do glifosato para juvenis de Curimatã-Pacu

Neste trabalho objetivou-se determinar a CL50 do herbicida glifosato (CL50) para curimatã-pacu, Prochilodus argenteus. O experimento foi realizado na CODEVASF de Três Marias, MG, Brasil, onde teve a duração de 96 h, utilizando-se 240 juvenis de curimatãí pacu (comprimento padrão de 6,4 ± 8,47 cm; e peso de 8,98 ± 3,91 g). Os animais foram submetidos a seis concentrações do herbicida: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 e 40 mg.L-1 em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições cada. A cada 24 h foi observado o comportamento dos animais e a taxa de mortalidade, e em 48, 72 e 96 h foram estimadas as CL50. A CL50 de glyphosate em 48, 72 e 96 h foi 20,88; 19,91 e 19,09 mg.L-1, respectivamente. O herbicida provocou natação errática nos peixes.

Bioleaching and selective biorecovery of zinc from zinc metallurgical leach residues from the Três Marias zinc plant (Minas Gerais, Brazil)

BACKGROUND Gradual depletion of high-grade ores for heavy metals has encouraged industries to search for alternative methods to recover metals. Wastes generated from metallurgical industries can be used as a secondary resource as it contains high concentrations of metals. RESULTS The bioleaching kinetics and biorecovery of zinc from Zn-plant leach residues (ZLR), collected from a currently operating Zn-plant in Tres Marias (Minas Gerais, Brazil) were investigated using sulfuric acid producing Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans (A. thiooxidans). Response surface methodology (RSM) with full factorial central composite design (CCD) was applied to optimize Zn bioleaching by A. thiooxidans. The experiments were performed by varying the initial elemental sulfur concentration (5–30 g L−1), pulp density (5–50 g L−1) and initial pH (3.0–4.0 pH units). More than 75% of Zn was extracted from ZLR by A. thiooxidans under optimized conditions (sulfur concentration 25.1 g L−1, pulp density 21.5 g L−1 and initial pH 3.3). The leaching efficiencies of culture supernatant (biogenic sulfuric acid) and chemical sulfuric acid were compared to understand the leaching kinetics. The Zn leaching kinetics of ZLR followed the shrinking core diffusion model. Zn was selectively recovered from the Fe-rich acidic bioleachate by biogenic sulfide precipitation. Fe was first removed (more than 85% of total Fe in the leachate) by adjusting the initial pH to 5.0, followed by selective Zn biorecovery. CONCLUSIONS Zn (>95%) was selectively recovered from Fe-depleted ZLR by biogenic sulfides (with 1:1, Zn:biogenic sulfide mass ratio). Biohydrometallurgy can be a potential alternative resource recovery strategy for the selective recovery of Zn from ZLR. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry

Investigação da Previsibilidade Sazonal da Precipitação na Região do Alto São Francisco em Minas Gerais

Seasonal rainfall forecasts generated with regional Eta model for the rainy season of the Sao Francisco River Basin, upstream Hydroeletric Power Plant (HPP) Tres Marias in Minas Gerais are evaluated in this work. The use of such forecasts as an input in energy planning models, represent a better management in the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity. However, it is well known that most of the globe, seasonal climate predictability is much reduced, since the effects of boundary conditions to determine the evolution of the average state of the atmosphere compete with internal variability associated with the chaotic instabilities and nonlinear interactions of the atmospheric flow. The forecasts of the Eta-Seasonal-15km model are initiated on days 13 to 17 October, extending until February 28, during the years 2001-2010. The evaluation results indicate that the noise (inter members variability) is higher than the signal (interannual variability), suggesting low reliability of the forecasts for the region during the rainy season. Forecasts of precipitation are underestimated and the Root Mean Square Error of 77.03 mm / month is high, almost twice its standard deviation. Note A high spatial variability of rainfall due to very steep topography, which further reduces the performance of numerical models. A hit rating category of precipitation (IACP), based on the distribution of tertiles, was applied to account for the number of times that the forecasts point to the same category of observed rainfall: rainfall below, within or above the normal range. The IACP for the whole area and during the ten years was low (mean 29%), however in the southern Basin IACP is a bit higher, around 50% to 70% in the Southeast region. The annual review of the forecasts for the entire area indicated that the best model performance occurred in 2005, when conditions ATMS negative in Pacific, near the coast of Peru were persisted in October 2005 and in fact such anomalies occurred through the month of February 2006.

Avaliação das Previsões de Precipitação do Modelo Eta para Bacia do Rio São Francisco em Minas Gerais, Brasil

In this work, the CPTEC/INPE’s Eta model (8 km and 40 km) forecasts, with 72 hours in advance, are evaluate for 25 intense rainfall cases, occurred in the period 2005-2012, at Sao Francisco River Basin, upstream Tres Marias Hydroelectric Power Plant, in Minas Gerais. The objective is to contribute to the improvement of intense rainfall forecasts in the studied area. Evaluation of rainfall forecasts is made objectively and subjectively, comparing them with observational data. Moreover, synoptic fields forecasts for several variables are compared with the same fields of ERA-Interim Reanalysis (ECMWF). The Eta model forecasts for 25 intense rainfall cases were generated initially nesting Eta-40km model to the CPTEC/INPE's Global model (T126L28). Finally, the Eta-8km model is integrated using as initial conditions the NCEP analysis and as lateral boundary conditions the Eta-40km model forecasts, updated every 6 hours. Considering the 25 intense rainfall cases, evaluating objetively the rain, Eta-8km has better (worst) performance compared to Eta-40km, to predict daily moderate to strong (weak) precipitation. Based on the subjective evaluation, it is noted that when CPTEC/INPE’s Global model fails in positioning the active meteorological system, both versions of Eta model are affected. In cases where meteorological systems are more pronounced, as in the 25 case, it increases the accuracy of both Eta model versions, with Eta-8km showing better results than Eta-40km.

Site formation processes in relation to surface bone assemblages in the Fuegian steppe (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina)

The archaeological record of the northern steppe in Tierra del Fuego (Argentina) is characterized by the occurrence of concentrations of archaeological material at the ground surface, coming from gullies and deflation hollows related to shallow lake coastal environments. This particular distribution becomes a challenge concerning the study of site formation processes, particularly in relation to the burial and exhumation of archaeological materials. Bone assemblages coming from three archaeological contexts (Tres Marias, Amalia 4 and Arturo 1) are analysed here, pointing to the features, damage and stability or movements that reveal their taphonomic histories. Geomorphological landscapes vary from each site, being represented by deflation hollows close to shallow lakes as well as gullies originating from the coast itself. The faunal assemblages are mostly dominated by Lama guanicoe bones. Variability in taxonomic composition, weathering profiles, mobility and stability of materials, as well as evidence of anthropic modifications, among other records, demonstrate the existence of different depositional events. The high variability observed suggests that several pre- and post-depositional processes were involved; thus, it results in complex taphonomic histories and low integrity that make their interpretation difficult in terms of human activities.

Estudo de localização de centrais termoelétricas solares de grande porte no estado de Minas Gerais

Solar energy is gaining spacein world’s context, however, in Brazil, is not yet explored in large projects. Although, it is known that the country has areas with direct irradiation of high intensity and low seasonality factor, especially in semiarid and particularly in the North and Northeast of Minas Gerais. This article aims to assess the location for installation of thermal power plants in the state, using the technology of Geographical Information System. We identified levels of irradiation promising for generating solar energy reaching the value of 2200-2400 kWh/m²/year for the semiarid region of Minas Gerais. These regions have flat areas, availability of water resources, low agricultural potential and good coverage of transmission lines. Considering these relevant variables to the classification we found six promising regions (Janauba, Januaria, Pirapora e Unai, Pirapora e Paracatu, Curvelo e Tres Marias, Patrocinio e Araxa). It should be emphasized that this potential can be exploited in the medium term, with the depletion of other energy sources.

<b>Stocking densities of juvenile <i>Brycon orthotaenia</i>: production parameters and economic benefits in net cages

Developing a rearing technology requires the determination of the optimum stocking density. This study aimed to determine the best stocking density for Brycon orthotaenia juveniles grown in net cages, during the rearing phase. The research was conducted at the Experimental Farm of EPAMIG, in Felixlândia, Minas Gerais State, in the Tres Marias Reservoir. 9,000 fingerlings were distributed into 12 net cages, 2 m 3 each, according to a completely randomized design with three replications and four different stocking densities (150, 300, 450, 600 fish m -3 ). Random samples were taken from each net cage, at the onset of the experiment and at 60 rearing days, to assess production parameters, specific growth rate and uniformity. We verified a positive linear relationship (p 0.05) for growth parameters, uniformity and final weight. It can be concluded that the density of 300 fish m -3 is the most suitable, because it provides higher net revenue,

Uso de imagens MODIS no monitoramento do fluxo de sedimentos no reservatório de Três Marias

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, monitorar o fluxo de entrada de sedimentos no braço do Rio Indaiá no reservatório de Três Marias, MG, com base em dados das imagens de satélites. Foram adquiridas séries temporais de 12 anos das imagens MODIS (Terra e Aqua), compostas de 8 dias. Estimativas de reflectância da superfície foram calculadas usando-se o algoritmo MOD3R. Dados hidrossedimentométricos da estação de monitoramento do Rio Indaiá foram integrados às análises para se entender a relação entre as respostas das imagens de satélites e as medições de campo. Os resultados apontaram uma forte relação entre os dados de reflectância e a descarga sólida calculada no Rio Indaiá; há, também, uma forte variação da reflectância ao longo do braço do reservatório no sentido da montante à jusante, com altos valores de reflectância à montante e valores baixos à jusante. O percentual de registros válidos estimados nas imagens MODIS atendeu aos requisitos de monitoramento do fluxo de sedimentos enquanto as estimativas de reflectância da água mostraram grande potencial em relacionar as respostas espectrais das imagens de satélites com a variação da descarga sólida de sedimento no braço do Rio Indaiá.

Impact of Eucalyptus Plantations in Different Regions of Brazil on the Distribution and Abundance of Defoliating Caterpillars

Eucalyptus species are cultivated in homogeneous plantations in Brazil, mainly to supply woodfor the cellulose and steel industries, which favors the establishment of insect pests. The objective was todetermine the geographical distribution and structure abundance of Lepidoptera defoliators of eucalypt.Primary pest species of eucalypt of the order Lepidoptera were found in all areas sampled and their populations were correlated with the age of the eucalypt plants, rainfall, and monthly average temperature. They presented population peaks between February and July (Tres Marias and Niquelândia) and July to November (Monte Dourado) during periods of lower rainfall. The highest population peaks of these species were recorded when the eucalypt plants were three to six years old. The area of Guanhaes presented better stability and fewer possibilities for the occurrence of eucalyptus Lepidoptera primary pests.

COMPARAÇÃO DA CONCENTRAÇÃO DE METAIS PESADOS NAS ÁGUAS DO RIO SÃO FRANCISCO EM TRÊS MARIAS, DESDE 1991 ATÉ HOJE, RELACIONANDO A ATUAÇÃO DA CMM-TRÊS MARIAS.

The aim was to evaluate some heavy metals contamination level (Zn, Cd, Pb) and water PH on SãoFrancisco river in Tres Marias, between the CEMIG dam and Barra do Retiro Velho, an area underCMM (Companhia Mineira de Metais) influence, comparing concentration values in 1991 and 2003/2006. Sample waters were collected from some places once contaminated by CMM – CompanhiaMineira de Metais, which, for years, since it begins operating in 1969, threw all industrial efluents innatura in São Francisco River. In 1991 Fachoschule München students researched the CMM surroundingarea and found high values of heavy metals on water. Water sampling followed Standard Methods forthe Water and Wastewater (APHA 1992) and Sample waters Collect and Preservation Guide fromCETESB (1988) and were performed in 4 sampling campaigns. Metals contents were analised byICP-AES on IGC/UFMG Research Centre and conductivity and PH were measured in situ by Digimed,DM 20 device. ZN concentraction leval was above legal level on sample points took in waters ofBarreiro Grande brook and São Francisco river, soon after the water returning point, on left bank andon Consciência brook confluence, which value is 25 times higher than the limit established byCONAMA 357. In comparison with sampled points in 1991, we had then much more elevated values,because CMM does not take care about its effluents deposition. ZN, Cd and Pb had high concentrationson CMM influence area, on the river right bank, this means, in points that receive direct effluentsfrom CMM, and more distant points on the same bank, showing that these metals are carried insoluble form, before precipitating with sediment. After Consciência brook, Zn level graduallydiminishes. One can conclude that CMM’s use of a more appropriate effluent treatment led to a levelreduction of these metals on superficial waters, what is indicated by data interpretation. Nevertheless,we must remember that metals on sediments are still present on the area, as it precipitate amongorganic matter, clay minerals and Fe and Mn oxids and hydroxids, and can suffer ressobilization towater form with changing of physical-chemical water conditions – PH changes, for instance.

Twenty-four microsatellite markers for the gray mouse opossum (Tlacuatzin canescens): development from illumina paired-end sequences

Tlacuatzin canescens is an opossum species endemic to Mexico from southern Sonora to Oaxaca, with populations in Tres Marias Islands and in central Peninsula of Yucatan. A technique based on Illumina paired-end sequencing of a library highly enriched for microsatellite repeats was used to develop loci. Twenty-four polymorphic (tri- and tetranucleotide) microsatellites were developed and tested as markers in the target species. All markers were genotyped on 18 different individuals from distinct locations. We observed medium to low genetic variation across most loci (mean number of alleles per locus = 8). Levels of expected heterozygosity across all markers was fairly low (mean HE = 0.477, mean HO = 0.480).

FLEXIBILIDADE DAS VAZÕES MÍNIMAS DE REFERÊNCIA COM A ADOÇÃO DO PERÍODO TRIMESTRAL

Em alguns Estados do Brasil, o processo de outorga de uso de águas superficiais utiliza a vazão mínima de referência Q7,10, que é obtida com base no período anual de maior escassez hídrica. Este valor pode-se tornar restritivo em bacias onde há maior demanda de água e, por essa razão, o presente estudo buscou avaliar a sazonalidade na vazão mínima de referência Q7,10, com a consideração do período trimestral. A metodologia de regionalização de vazões utilizada foi a tradicional, proposta por Eletrobrás (1985), aplicada à bacia hidrográfica do rio São Francisco, a montante do reservatório de Três Marias. Os valores estimados das vazões mínimas de referência trimestrais foram comparados com as estimativas de vazões mínimas com base no período anual, evidenciando um aumento considerável na disponibilidade hídrica no primeiro e segundo trimestres. Os resultados demonstraram que a obtenção das vazões mínimas de referência, baseada em períodos trimestrais, proporcionou considerável aumento na disponibilidade hídrica, flexibilizando o processo de outorga de uso de água, principalmente nos períodos mais chuvosos do ano.

FROM MARIANA ALCOFORADO TO “LAS TRES MARÍAS”, A WAY OF BRAVERY AND RESISTANCE THROUGH THE SPEECH

After several decades of the Salazar regime, Portugal is in a period of social disorder. A few years later, the project called “Las Tres Marias” emerged, giving way to a feminist liberalism in which women were expected to become aware of their condition, regardless of their social status. This movement was born from the New Portuguese Letters, and obtained great support abroad.

¿RE/POSICIÓN? DE "TRES MARÍAS Y UNA ROSA": TRES DÉCADAS PARA A/BORDAR LA RESISTENCIA

The present work explores the conditions and repercussions of staging anew an emblematic play of the dictatorship era in Chile: Tres Marias y una Rosa, three decades after that period, and without significant modifications. In the words of Raymond Williams, what's the residual, the dominant, the emergent? What is won/lost in this re-staging? How is it perceived (read)? Are there still residual social images from the dictatorship? What did the play represent 30 years ago, and has that changed today? Inevitably, these questions lead us to the issue of the Chilean textile craft of the arpilleras and the women artisans who made these (arpilleristas), to our understanding, central to the play, but avoided and forgotten as a resistance movement, as it is not treated in depth in its current staging.

Trace and minor elements in sphalerite: A LA-ICPMS study

Sphalerite is an important host mineral for a wide range of minor and trace elements. We have used laser-ablation inductively coupled mass spectroscopy (LA-ICPMS) techniques to investigate the distribution of Ag, As, Bi, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Ga, Ge, In, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn and Tl in samples from 26 ore deposits, including specimens with wt.% levels of Mn, Cd, In, Sn and Hg. This technique provides accurate trace element data, confirming that Cd, Co, Ga, Ge, In, Mn, Sn, As and Tl are present in solid solution. The concentrations of most elements vary over several orders of magnitude between deposits and in some cases between single samples from a given deposit. Sphalerite is characterized by a specific range of Cd (typically 0.2–1.0 wt.%) in each deposit. Higher Cd concentrations are rare; spot analyses on samples from skarn at Baisoara (Romania) show up to 13.2 wt.% (Cd 2+ ↔ Zn 2+ substitution). The LA-ICPMS technique also allows for identification of other elements, notably Pb, Sb and Bi, mostly as micro-inclusions of minerals carrying those elements, and not as solid solution. Silver may occur both as solid solution and as micro-inclusions. Sphalerite can also incorporate minor amounts of As and Se, and possibly Au (e.g., Magura epithermal Au, Romania). Manganese enrichment (up to ∼4 wt.%) does not appear to enhance incorporation of other elements. Sphalerite from Toyoha (Japan) features superimposed zoning. Indium-sphalerite (up to 6.7 wt.% In) coexists with Sn-sphalerite (up to 2.3 wt.%). Indium concentration correlates with Cu, corroborating coupled (Cu +In 3+) ↔ 2Zn 2+ substitution. Tin, however, correlates with Ag, suggesting (2Ag +Sn 4+) ↔ 3Zn 2+ coupled substitution. Germanium-bearing sphalerite from Tres Marias (Mexico) contains several hundred ppm Ge, correlating with Fe. We see no evidence of coupled substitution for incorporation of Ge. Accordingly, we postulate that Ge may be present as Ge 2+ rather than Ge 4+. Trace element concentrations in different deposit types vary because fractionation of a given element into sphalerite is influenced by crystallization temperature, metal source and the amount of sphalerite in the ore. Epithermal and some skarn deposits have higher concentrations of most elements in solid solution. The presence of discrete minerals containing In, Ga, Ge, etc. also contribute to the observed variance in measured concentrations within sphalerite.

Uma nova espécie de Cladomorphus Gray, 1835 (Phasmatidae, Cladomorphinae) de Minas Gerais, Brasil

Cladomorphus trimariensis sp. nov. é descrita de Três Marias, Minas Gerais. A nova espécie difere de C. phyllinus Gray, 1835 principalmente pelo opérculo e placa micropilar do ovo, ausência de espinhos nas pernas médias e posteriores e pelas projeções distais nos tergos IV e V, que são menos desenvolvidas.