Technology Trends Research Articles

Exploring inorganic phosphors: basics, types, fabrications and their luminescence properties for LED/WLED/displays

Abstract The utilization of phosphors in lighting and display applications has garnered significant attention due to their unique luminescent properties and versatile crystal structures. This review article comprehensively examines recent advances in the synthesis, characterization, and applications of nitride and sulfide phosphors. This article addresses various phosphor crystal structures, including perovskite, garnet, nitride sulfide, fabrications strategies, and their impact on the optical and electronic properties. Furthermore, the review highlights the role of doping and activator ions in tailoring the emission characteristics of nitride and sulfide phosphors, enabling precise control over color rendering and efficiency. Additionally, the article also discusses emerging trends in phosphor technology, such as the development of novel synthesis methods and the integration of phosphors into next-generation lighting and display devices. The basic properties of phosphor materials like CRI, CIE chromaticity coordinates, quantum efficiencies are well discussed. Overall, this article provides valuable insights into the current state of research and future directions in the field of phosphors offering potential avenues for further advancements in lighting and display technologies.

In Vitro Prediction of Skin-Sensitizing Potency Using the GARDskin Dose-Response Assay: A Simple Regression Approach.

Toxicological assessments of skin sensitizers have progressed towards a higher reliance on non-animal methods. Current technological trends aim to extend the utility of non-animal methods to accurately characterize skin-sensitizing potency. The GARDskin Dose-Response assay has previously been described; it was shown that its main readout, cDV0 concentration, is associated with skin-sensitizing potency. The ability to predict potency from cDV0 in the form of NESILs derived from LLNAs or human NOELs was evaluated. The assessment of a dataset of 30 chemicals showed that the cDV0 values still correlated strongly and significantly with both LLNA EC3 and human NOEL values (ρ = 0.645-0.787 [p < 1 × 10-3]). A composite potency value that combined LLNA and human potency data was defined, which aided the performance of the proposed model for the prediction of NESILs. The potency model accurately predicted sensitizing potency, with cross-validation errors of 2.75 and 3.22 fold changes compared with NESILs from LLNAs and humans, respectively. In conclusion, the results suggest that the GARDskin Dose-Response assay may be used to derive an accurate quantitative continuous potency estimate of skin sensitizers.

Exploring Digital Technologies for Addressing Risk Factors of Solitary Death in South Korea

South Korea has experienced rapid aging, and it is predicted that people aged 65 years or older will account for 20% of the total population by 2047. The proportion of one-person households is also increasing rapidly at the same time, and is expected to account for 37% of the total number of households by 2047. Such a demographic shift has led to more isolated households and social isolation, and consequently, to higher risks of solitary deaths. Central and local governments have implemented various measures, such as care services for the elderly living alone and regular checks on their status; however, there are limitations due to workforce and budget constraints. Therefore, it is necessary to explore innovative solutions that utilize digital technologies such as the internet of things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) as new low-cost, high-efficiency alternatives. Innovations in digital technology have the potential to suggest new solutions to the issue of solitary death. Advanced technologies can play an important role in maximizing the effectiveness of solitary death prevention, management, and the prevention of social isolation. Although there is a growing body of research on the development of digital technology-based care services for the elderly, these studies have primarily focused on the applicability and early implementation stages of specific technologies. These studies have limitations in fully understanding the market trends of technologies and competition patterns within the industry. Therefore, it is essential to investigate trends in the latest technologies and R&amp;D directions in a particular technology field through patents filed to protect new technologies. This study is intended to contribute to an in-depth understanding of the current status and development direction of digital technologies for the prevention of solitary deaths, and to provide a basis for future technology development. This study also contributes to establishing government policies and R&amp;D strategies.

Enhancing performance of shipboard photovoltaic grid-connected inverter through CRNN-LM-BP control optimized by particle swarm optimization of LCL parameters

The global renewable energy portfolio is experiencing a growing proportion of shipboard photovoltaic (PV) energy. Grid-connected system has become the development trend of photovoltaic power generation technology in marine applications because of its high energy utilization efficiency. However, in the grid-connected process, harmonic pollution is easily caused by time-varying marine environment disturbance, which affects the quality of grid-connected power. The current recurrent neural network Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation (CRNN-LM-BP) method, a control methodology, is introduced in this paper to ensure the robustness, stability, and consistency of the system. In addition, the inductance-capacitance-inductance (LCL) filter is optimized using particle swarm optimization (PSO) to minimize the presence of high frequency harmonics. The system that has been developed possesses the ability to improve the accuracy of steady-state control, operate with high efficiency and effectiveness, and maintain a total harmonic distortion of 1.73 %. Concurrently, streamlining the Jacobian matrix in the LM algorithm expedites convergence. It enables the system to improve its dynamic response, minimize excess, and quickly return to a stable condition when faced with load variations, a wide range of filter parameter adjustments, and voltage fluctuations. The suggested method’s effectiveness and applicability are evaluated by comparing it to the traditional proportional-resonant control, CRNN-BP control, using Matlab/Simulink and the real-time simulator OPAL-RT5700..

Soil desiccation in the context of vegetation restoration: A scientometric analysis

AbstractThis research aims to fill the gap in understanding the evolution of soil desiccation studies, focusing on its impact on sustainable crop production in China's Loess Plateau. The study explores trends, influential works, authors, journals, and emerging research areas within the field of soil desiccation. To achieve this, this study pioneers a comprehensive scientometric exploration of soil desiccation. The study analyzed 1952 publications on soil desiccation from January 2013 to December 2023, sourced from the Web of Science. Various co‐citation techniques such as author co‐citation analysis (ACA), document co‐citation analysis (DCA), journal co‐citation analysis (JCA), and keyword analysis are employed. Network development, visualization tools, and text‐mining methods are utilized to discern patterns and relationships within the dataset. Here, for the first time, nine distinct clusters were identified through DCA. The findings reveal the impactful emergence of significant clusters, such as the one focusing on the Loess Plateau, marking a significant advance in our understanding of soil desiccation. Multiple research frontiers or sub‐specialties emerge, including topics such as different vegetation types, the impact on grain yield, water use efficiency, growth, soil water content, hydraulic redistribution, drought, soil moisture, and modeling. This innovative scientometric review of soil desiccation outlines the current scientific and technological trends while identifying knowledge gaps. The findings are beneficial for researchers, graduate students, and professors interested in understanding research trajectories, pivotal publications, and influential scholars shaping this field.

The Current Status and Development Trend of Water Control Technology for Horizontal Wells

In the advancement of bottom water reservoir development, water breakthrough poses a significant challenge to the productivity of oil and gas wells, underscoring the paramount importance of effective water control strategies. Given the intricate nature of the factors leading to reservoir water breakthrough, a one-size-fits-all approach to water management is non-existent. Rather, tailored water control techniques are necessary to address the diverse causes of this phenomenon. This paper delves into the evolution and application of water control technologies, particularly focusing on the prevalent horizontal well water control methodologies. Horizontal well variable density water control, segmented water control, double horizontal well oil recovery water control, along with advanced solutions such as ICD (Inflow Control Device), ICV (Inflow Control Valve), AICD (Autonomous Inflow Control Device), and AICV (Autonomous Inflow Control Valve) water control systems are comprehensively introduced. Furthermore, center-controlled, mechanical plugging, and chemical plugging water control technologies are also examined in depth, accompanied by a thorough analysis of their respective strengths, limitations, and adaptability to various scenarios. By keeping abreast of both domestic and international trends in horizontal well water control, the future trajectory of this field is forecasted. Emerging as key technologies are novel composite water control systems, dual-purpose water control and sand prevention techniques, and intelligent water control solutions. These advancements promise to revolutionize the management of water breakthrough in bottom water reservoirs, enhancing oil and gas recovery efficiency and sustainability.

Special Issue on Robotics and Mechatronics Technology for Sports, Exercise, and Health Care (Part 1)

Robotics, mechatronics, and digital technologies are rapidly advancing in the fields of sports, exercise, and healthcare, and their applications are expanding daily. In part 1 of our special issue, we focus on the innovative contributions of cutting-edge technologies in various domains. Robotics technology is crucial in sports and exercise training as it monitors individual movements and forms, provides user feedback, and enables effective training. The development of robots to enhance the accuracy and reproducibility of sports techniques is a key element directly linked to performance improvements. Robotics and mechatronics provide new possibilities for treatment and rehabilitation in healthcare. Developing beneficial systems for medical professionals and patients contributes to increased precision in surgery and productive support in rehabilitation. Power assistance and motion augmentation are witnessing advancements that prolong individual capabilities and achieve better performance. These studies may reduce the physical burden of daily activities and specific tasks, thereby enhancing efficiency. Therefore, studies on haptics and sensory feedback are important. Efforts to improve user interfaces through virtual haptic experiences represent a promising new application of digital technology. The studies included in part 1 of this special issue present recent technological trends and practical examples of sports, exercise, and healthcare and aim to provide valuable information and inspire the readers. We hope that these studies will serve as significant steps toward future technological advancement and social implementation.

The Evolving Landscape of ESL: Technology and Pedagogy

The integration of technology in English as a Second Language (ESL) teaching has revolutionized traditional pedagogical approaches, offering new tools and methods to enhance language acquisition. This paper explores the evolving landscape of ESL, focusing on the synergy between technology and pedagogy. It examines current technological trends, their implementation in ESL classrooms, and the challenges and opportunities they present. The paper also discusses the implications of these changes for educators and learners, highlighting best practices and future directions in the field.

Pengaruh Kemudahan dan Harga Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Mahasiswa Secara Online dengan Diskon sebagai Moderasi

With the increasing development of technology, buying and selling businesses also follow technological development trends by using the internet network. Business people must always understand customer needs in order to attract customers' interest in buying, one of which is always following changes and rapid developments in business tastes. This type of research is quantitative research. This research aims to determine the effect of convenience and price on students' online purchasing decisions with discounts as moderation. The sampling technique in quantitative research is carried out randomly, data collection uses research instruments, statistical data analysis with the aim of testing predetermined hypotheses. The population in this study were students who had shopped online, consisting of 160 respondents. The results of this research found that convenience and price influence students' online purchasing decisions. Discounts as moderation are able to moderate the influence of convenience and price on students' online purchasing decisions.

Возможности цифровой оценки приемлемости жалобы в аспекте соблюдения принципа последовательного обжалования в гражданском процессе

Digital achievements are becoming increasingly important in life, including in the public sector regulating legal proceedings. In the article, the author analyzes the possibilities of simplifying and speeding up the process of appealing judicial acts against the background of the indicated trend of information technologies introduced by the state and society. The exhaustion of other methods of appeal as the basis of the principle of consistent appeal allows, in certain cases, to apply the methods of algorithms to build a mechanism for the adoption of a judicial act using technology, as well as using an artificial intelligence system. The author describes an agreed system that combines technical and legal requirements for the digital assessment of the admissibility of a complaint in terms of compliance with the principle of consistent appeal.

Innovation governance in Poland. Technological trends with an outlook to 2030

The research problem of the article concerns adapting current innovation governance theories to assess national innovation systems. The operationalization of this task in the Polish context translated into identifying the most promising trends and technological areas for the Polish economy in the 2030 perspective. The study included a horizon scanning and trend radar variant, identifying seven trends: nanomaterials and nanotechnologies, smart grids and energy storage, Food Tech, smart/precision farming, drone technologies, telemedicine, application of hydrogen in steel, and the technological areas included in them. Results were further assessed based on CAWI surveys conducted on a sample of experts representing the Łukasiewicz Research Network. Smart/precision farming, telemedicine, smart grids and Food Tech proved the most promising for the Polish economy. The small difference in results leads us to believe that nanomaterials and nanotechnologies, drone technologies and hydrogen applications in steel production should also be in the spotlight, but special attention should be paid to the accompanying challenges, such as development costs or insufficient R&D infrastructure. The size and scope of the research make it unique and, at the same time, support the significance of the results for Polish technology, economy and science.

Application and Trend Research of 3D Printing Technology in Marathon Running Shoes

This paper discusses the application and development trend of 3D printing technology in marathon running shoes. 3D printing technology provides a new way for personalized customization, functional optimization and intelligent integration of marathon running shoes through precise control of structure and materials. Currently, the technology has been applied to sole structure, upper materials and customized services, significantly improving the performance and comfort of running shoes. In the future, with technological innovation and changes in market demand, 3D printed running shoes will make more breakthroughs in materials, design and market applications, bringing runners a more comfortable, personalized and intelligent running experience.

The Importance of Cross-Border Education in Contexts of Collaboration Between Countries According to the SDGS

Introduction: Cross-border education refers to collaboration between countries to promote learning opportunities across geographic boundaries, aiming to develop global citizens. This educational model emphasizes student and teacher mobility, cultural diversity, and international cooperation, which are essential for the development of 21st century skills. Objective: The aim of the study was to explore the importance of cross-border education in contexts of collaboration between countries, highlighting the benefits, challenges, and contributions to sustainable development. Method: This is a qualitative analysis based on the analysis of international partnerships, exchange programs, bilingual curricula, and the use of technological innovations in education. Results: Cross-border education promotes international cooperation, intercultural understanding, and strengthens diplomatic relations. Although it faces logistical and administrative challenges, such as recognition of qualifications and academic mobility, it offers numerous opportunities for cultural and academic enrichment. Conclusions: Cross-border education is vital for building an inclusive and sustainable global society (SDG). Overcoming the challenges requires effective policies and international cooperation. Investing in emerging technology trends is crucial to expanding access to and quality of cross-border education.

Study on the Application Status of 3D Point Cloud

This paper aims to discuss the application and development trend of 3D point cloud technology in different fields. As an effective means of digitizing the real world, 3D point cloud has been widely used in many fields, including computer-aided design, building information modeling, geographic information systems, robot navigation, autonomous vehicles, and the digitalization of cultural relics. In this paper, the techniques of acquiring 3D point cloud data are summarized, including laser scanning, structured light scanning and time flight measurement. Then, the latest developments in point cloud data preprocessing were analyzed. Further, the challenges of 3D point cloud technology are discussed, such as large data volume, slow processing speed and high precision requirements. Finally, this paper looks forward to the future development direction of 3D point cloud technology, especially in the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning technology application potential. Through this study, we expect to provide researchers and practitioners in related fields with a comprehensive understanding of 3D point cloud technology and promote its application in a wider range of fields.

Advances in the application of robotic-assisted bronchoscopy

In recent years, advances in interventional bronchoscopy have led to safer and more effective solutions for the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases. However, the techniques currently used to diagnose and treat peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPL) have certain limitations. Robotic-assisted bronchoscopy (RAB) offers a new solution to these limitations. Currently, three RABs have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and are successfully marketed, while two domestic RABs are in the research and development stage. This article provided an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of various techniques and introduced five RABs in detail. It also discussed the advantages and disadvantages of RAB technology and future trends in its development.

Enhancing financial reporting accuracy and compliance efficiency in legal firms through technological innovations

This review paper explores the transformative impact of technological innovations on financial reporting accuracy and compliance efficiency within legal firms. It examines the current challenges legal firms face in maintaining accurate financial records and adhering to regulatory requirements, highlighting issues such as manual errors, complex transactions, and evolving regulations. The paper delves into the roles of automation, artificial intelligence (AI), data analytics, and blockchain technology in addressing these challenges, demonstrating how these tools can enhance financial precision, transparency, and operational efficiency. Additionally, it discusses the future trends in regulatory technology (RegTech), integrated compliance management systems, and real-time monitoring and reporting, emphasizing their potential to streamline compliance processes further. Practical recommendations are provided for legal firms to adopt and integrate these emerging technologies successfully. The paper concludes by underscoring the critical importance of technological innovation in enhancing legal firms' financial and compliance capabilities, ensuring they remain competitive and compliant in a dynamic regulatory environment. Keywords: Financial Reporting, Compliance Efficiency, Legal Firms, Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain Technology, RegTech.

Goat Manure Potential as a Substrate for Biomethane Production—An Experiment for Photofermentation

This article presents the current state of biogas (biomethane) production technology—an example of the use of goat manure in terms of photofermentation efficiency. The theoretical and experimental potential of biomethane using biodegradability for anaerobic fermentation of goat manure was indicated. Goat manure was tested for its elemental composition to determine the suitability of this raw material for biogas production. The quality of biogas produced under atmospheric conditions from goat manure placed in a reactor (photodigester) was assessed. An attempt was made to determine the process conditions for immobilization on a goat manure bed (depending on the research material collected), which allows for demonstrating the activity of the fermentation bacterial flora, thus influencing the amount of biogas (biomethane) produced in the reactor. A mechanism for the photofermentation process involving the production of biomethane was developed. The novelty of this article is the development of the use of goat manure in an innovative way, pointing to the development of the biomethane industry. When comparing goat manure, active group (compact bed), it should be noted that K 3.132%, Na 0.266%, Ca 1.909% and Mg 0.993% are lower values compared to the material with values of K 3.397%, Na 0.284%, Ca 1.813% and Mg 0.990% which are higher. This is undoubtedly due to the presence of nutrients in the deposit that support the biomethane production process. The active group (compact bed) material A shows a dynamic increase in biomethane production with lower nutrient values. However, material B, having a higher percentage of ingredients, shows stabilization of biomethane production after the sixth month of the process. Technological trends and future prospects for the biomethane sector were initiated.

Intelligent Cockpits for Connected Vehicles: Taxonomy, Architecture, Interaction Technologies, and Future Directions.

Highly integrated information sharing among people, vehicles, roads, and cloud systems, along with the rapid development of autonomous driving technologies, has spurred the evolution of automobiles from simple "transportation tools" to interconnected "intelligent systems". The intelligent cockpit is a comprehensive application space for various new technologies in intelligent vehicles, encompassing the domains of driving control, riding comfort, and infotainment. It provides drivers and passengers with safety, comfort, and pleasant driving experiences, serving as the gateway for traditional automobile manufacturing to upgrade towards an intelligent automotive industry ecosystem. This is the optimal convergence point for the intelligence, connectivity, electrification, and sharing of automobiles. Currently, the form, functions, and interaction methods of the intelligent cockpit are gradually changing, transitioning from the traditional "human adapts to the vehicle" viewpoint to the "vehicle adapts to human", and evolving towards a future of natural interactive services where "humans and vehicles mutually adapt". This article reviews the definitions, intelligence levels, functional domains, and technical frameworks of intelligent automotive cockpits. Additionally, combining the core mechanisms of human-machine interactions in intelligent cockpits, this article proposes an intelligent-cockpit human-machine interaction process and summarizes the current state of key technologies in intelligent-cockpit human-machine interactions. Lastly, this article analyzes the current challenges faced in the field of intelligent cockpits and forecasts future trends in intelligent cockpit technologies.

Africa's Manufacturing Puzzle: Evidence from Tanzanian and Ethiopian Firms

Abstract Recent growth accelerations in Africa are characterized by declining shares of the labor force employed in agriculture, increasing labor productivity in agriculture, and declining labor productivity in modern sectors such as manufacturing. To shed light on this puzzle, this study disaggregates firms in the manufacturing sector by average size, using two newly created firm-level panels covering Tanzania (2008–2016) and Ethiopia (1996–2017). The analysis identifies a dichotomy between larger firms with superior productivity performance that do not expand employment and small firms that absorb employment but do not experience much productivity growth. Large, more productive firms use highly capital-intensive techniques, in line with global technology trends but significantly greater than what would be expected based on these countries’ income levels or relative factor endowments.

Advances and Challenges in Random Access Techniques for In Vitro DNA Data Storage.

With digital transformation and the general application of new technologies, data storage is facing new challenges with the demand for high-density loading of massive information. In response, DNA storage technology has emerged as a promising research direction. Efficient and reliable data retrieval is critical for DNA storage, and the development of random access technology plays a key role in its practicality and reliability. However, achieving fast and accurate random access functions has proven difficult for existing DNA storage efforts, which limits its practical applications in industry. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in DNA storage technology that enable random access functionality, as well as the challenges that need to be overcome and the current solutions. This review aims to help researchers in the field of DNA storage better understand the importance of the random access step and its impact on the overall development of DNA storage. Furthermore, the remaining challenges and future research trends in random access technology of DNA storage are discussed, with the goal of providing a solid foundation for achieving random access in DNA storage under large-scale data conditions.