Trends In Turnover Research Articles

An improved deep submicrometer MOSFET RF nonlinear model with new breakdown current model and drain-to-substrate nonlinear coupling

An improved deep submicrometer (0.25 /spl mu/m) MOSFET radio-frequency (RF) large signal model that incorporates a new breakdown current model and drain-to-substrate nonlinear coupling was developed and investigated using various experiments. An accurate breakdown model is required for deep submicrometer MOSFETs due to their relatively low breakdown voltage. For the first time, this RF nonlinear model incorporates the breakdown voltage turnover trend into a continuously differentiable channel current model and a new nonlinear coupling circuit between the drain and the lossy substrate. The robustness of the model is verified with measured pulsed I-V, S-parameters, power characteristics, harmonic distortion, and intermodulation distortion levels at different input and output termination conditions, operating biases, and frequencies.

ITAL]RXTE[/ITAL] Observation of PSR B1951+32

We report results of RXTE observations of PSR B1951+32 using the PCA instrument for 19k seconds during 1996 March 24th. We applied the contemporaneous radio ephemeris and various statistical tests to search for evidence of pulsation. These analyses yield intriguing yet inconclusive evidence for the presence of the pulsation in the time series: confidence level for the presence of pulsation is 94.5% in the 2.0-4.8 keV band and 97.6% in the 4.8-6.3 keV band based on the H-test. Under the premise of non-detection of pulsation, we derive estimated 2-sigma upper limits for the pulsed flux to be $3.3\times 10^{-6} cm^{-2} s^{-1} keV^{-1}$ in the 2.0-4.8 keV band, $2.7\times 10^{-6} cm^{-2} s^{-1} keV^{-1}$ in the 4.8-8.5 keV band, and $2.0\times 10^{-6} cm^{-2} s^{-1} keV^{-1}$ in the 8.5-13.0 keV band. These upper limits are consistent with the trend of spectral turn-over from high-energy gamma-ray emission as suggested by the OSSE upper limit. Such turn-over strongly suggests the outer magnetosphere as the emission site for pulsed gamma-rays. These RXTE upper limits for X-ray pulsation are, on the other hand, not consistent with the extrapolation of reported power-law spectra from the point source observed by ROSAT in the 0.1-2.4 keV band, assuming a constant pulse fraction: The pulsed soft X-ray emission detected by ROSAT must follow a much softer spectrum than that of the overall point source.

Recent trends in concentration, mobility, and turnover among the top U.S. companies

This study has provided an update for Stonebraker's [1979] study of concentration, mobility, and turnover among the largest firms in the U.S. It seems that his conclusion that "every statistical measure of turnover or mobility examined has been stable since late 1920's," still holds. The lack of any trend or systematic patterns suggest that even though the largest companies seem to have become relatively larger, they have not been able to solidify or improve their relative position compared to their competitors over time.

Factors Influencing the Turnover of Skilled Personnel: A Case-study

Measures taken to improve productivity are likely to involve an increased investment in human capital—that is, in the development of the skills, knowledge and experience of the employee. Personnel turnover can represent a loss on this investment and, in the case of some highly skilled employees, turnover can even jeopardize the functioning of the organization. The Aus tralian Army is examined as a case-study of turnover trends because it is an organization that is not able to replace personnel easily due to the unique nature of their military knowledge and experience, and can suffer a loss of capability if the turnover of skilled personnel is too high. Turnover in the Army was found to be related to the unemployment rate and salary level. These associations are consistent with other research, but still of significance since the Army culture with its emphasis on intrinsic motivation was expected to lead to a different pattern of turnover behaviour. The result has implications for human resource policy regarding employee skill development and the retention of skilled employees.

Long–Run Trends in Equity Turnover

Long–Run Trends in Equity Turnover

Microhabitat Pattern and the Structure of Forest Bird Communities

A forest-simulation model was used to generate an extensive, yet detailed, data set comprising tree size classes measured on a 9-ha area of contiguous forest over a period of 750 years. Principal-components analysis served to develop a statistical characterization of the forest stand as a two-level construct in which the stand encompasses a dynamic pattern of microhabitat variety and abundance. This statistical framework was used to examine the role of microhabitat pattern in structuring random assemblages of bird species defined by niche ellipses in principal-component space. An increasing variation in microhabitat structure through successional time accounted for realistic trends in species richness, dominance, equitability, and turnover in forest bird communities. The statistical distribution of microhabitat availability in mature forest provided for an inverse relationship between niche position (species preferring unusual microhabitats have high niche position) and abundance; this same distribution w...

A longitudinal method of evaluating employee turnover

This study presents a longitudinal method of evaluating employee turnover patterns using the life table technique. Whereas traditional cross-sectional analysis examines turnover at a given point in time, the life table method is a simple analytic technique to summarize employee turnover trends over time. Turnover probabilities calculated using this method are particularly useful in evaluating the effectiveness of job retention programs, predicting long term staffing needs and designing benefit plans. The contribution of this article lies in the introduction of an alternative method of analysis and its application to evaluate employee turnover.

PROTEIN TURNOVER IN TISSUES OF THE FETAL RAT FOLLOWING MATERNAL PROTEIN RESTRICTION

We previously reported that maternal starvation late in gestation results in relatively unperturbed protein synthesis in fetal striated muscle and brain. We have now studied protein turnover in fetal tissues after restriction of maternal protein intake throughout gestation. Rats were maintained on isocaloric diets containing either 6% or 27% protein throughout pregnancy. Growth curves (KG) for protein content of fetal diaphragm, heart, liver and brain were constructed from days 19-22 gestation. Fetal protein synthesis (KS) was determined after i.v. injection of “massive” amounts of 3H-phenylalanine to the mothers on day 21 gestation. Protein degradation (KD) was calculated from the equation, KD = KS - KG. Fetal body weight was reduced significantly on days 19-22 when pregnant rats were fed the low protein (LP) diet. KS (days−1) in fetal tissues is shown in the table: Reduced KS in tissues of fetuses from LP rats was accompanied by reduced KD values in all tissues. Thus, protein restriction in pregnant rats throughout gestation results in fetal growth retardation; protein turnover in fetal striated muscle and liver is characterized by decreased KS and KD. These results correspond to trends in protein turnover observed in young adult rats subjected to protein restriction.

The nature of Japan's comparative advantage, 1965-80

This paper compares the dynamic factor proportions theory to the product cycle theory in explaining Japan's comparative advantage for the 1965-80 period. Three tests were used: (1) domestic Japanese relative prices of more and less competitive export commodities; (2) trends in capital-labour ratios, skill ratios, R&D intensity and product turnover for Japan's manufactured exports; (3) price elasticities over time of Japan's exports. The results suggest that: (1) the product cycle must be considered along with the factor proportions theory for the pre-oil shock period; (2) the product cycle theory is superior for the post-oil shock period.