Scientific Development Trends Research Articles

Development of Science in Conjunction with Economic Growth: Global Trends and Patterns

The formation of artificial communities within the framework of various types of mathematical and computer modeling, primarily agent-based, requires confident knowledge about the degree and nature of the interaction of the simulated agents, components and elements of the system being studied. The work reveals patterns of influence of scientific and innovation indicators on the level of the economy in countries around the world. Based on measuring the level of correlations between the publication activity of the countries of the world, the per capita level of R&D expenditures, patent activity and the number of researchers with the level of their economy relative to the population, it is shown that the indicators of the conjugation of the scientific and innovation sphere of countries and their level are quite high, in general intensified from 2010 to 2022. Since 2010, the ratio of the levels of mutual dependence of indicators of scientific and inventive activity and the relative values of national economies has changed; among other indicators, the highest level of correlation in 2022 is characterized by publication activity. The level of interconnection has largely increased due to the sharp intensification of the level of scientific development of rich oil and gas producing countries. Considering Russia’s place in global trends in scientific development, the author concludes that it is advisable to increase funding for scientific research in Russia while maintaining the course of supporting the productivity of fundamental science.

Issues of World History and Ukraine's Role in it on the Pages of “the International Relations of Ukraine: Scientific Searches and Findings” (a Content Review of Issues 1-29 from 1991 to 2020)

The paper presents a content review of “the International Relations of Ukraine: Scientific Searches and Findings” (issues 1-29 from 1991 to 2020). The author highlights that after Ukraine regained its independence in 1991, a wide network of Ukrainian periodicals in the humanities was established. These periodicals perform an important coordinating function, accumulate the efforts of authors, editors and reviewers from different regions of Ukraine and foreign countries and unite them into united teams, as well as reflect trends in scientific development, provide an opportunity to discuss topical issues, influence the dynamics of conceptual updating of socio-humanitarian disciplines in Ukraine. In 1991, the first specialised periodical on world history in independent Ukraine – the Yearbook "International Relations of Ukraine: Scientific Searches and Findings" – was created. The purpose of this Yearbook is to coordinate research carried out by representatives of "the Historical European Studies" Ukrainian academic school. The founders of this school are corresponding members of the NAS of Ukraine F.P. Shevchenko (1914-1995), I.M. Mel'nykova (1918-2010) and P.S. Sokhan' (1926-2013). Since 1991, corresponding member of the NAS of Ukraine S.V. Vidnyanskyj heads the Department of World History and International Relations (since 2012 the Department of the History of International Relations and Foreign Policy of Ukraine) and leads the aforementioned academic school. In general, the papers published in “the International Relations of Ukraine: Scientific Searches and Findings” from 1991 to 2020 contribute to the reconstruction of a broad panorama of international relations in the lands of Ukraine from the times of Kyivan Rus' until the early 21st century. During its almost thirty-year history, the Yearbook has become an influential periodical of Central and Eastern Europe, contributing to the coordination of fundamental research on world history and the understanding of key issues in world history and Ukraine's place in it

Pluralism versus Periodization.

There is much potential in Frans van Lunteren’s schema of using certain important machines as focal points for characterizing large-scale trends in scientific development. However, there are difficulties with the periodization of history he proposes, particularly with regard to the periods focused around the balance and the steam engine; these machines were highly influential somewhat simultaneously, and their cultural resonances were not entirely distinct from each other. Van Lunteren rightly recognizes the multifacetedness of the epistemic, social, and material roles played by each machine. It would be more productive and natural to craft a historiographical framework that highlights the complex overlaps and interactions between the multifaceted roles of various iconic machines, rather than using the machines to define mutually exclusive and successive regimes of knowledge. In the end, we should also question the value of periodization as a mode of historiographical thinking: it makes for convenient but poor pedagogy.