Trends In Physical Activity Research Articles

Associations between Dietary Patterns and Physical Activity with Physical Fitness among Adolescents in Shandong Province, China: A Cross-Sectional Study

The trend of physical fitness (PF) and physical activity (PA) among Chinese adolescents is not optimistic, and unhealthy dietary behaviors are common. PA and dietary patterns (DPs) have been linked to PF in adolescents, but the associations between DPs and PF with PF in Chinese adolescents are rarely discussed. A total of 8796 adolescents aged 11-18 were enrolled from Shandong Province, China. The CNSPFS battery was applied to assess PF. PA levels and diet quality were determined using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents and the modified Chinese Diet Quality Questionnaire, respectively. This study used factor analysis to identify DPs and linear regression models to investigate the association between PF and related factors. The average PF score of the participants was 75.67. Adolescents who were girls, lived in rural areas and were active in PA performed better on the PF test (p < 0.05). Boys whose fathers were university educated or above had a higher probability of achieving higher PF scores (OR 4.36, 95% CI 1.32-14.36); however, if their mothers were university educated or above, they had a lower probability of achieving higher PF scores (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.063-0.76). Unhealthy dietary pattern was negatively correlated with cardiorespiratory fitness in boys (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.31-0.98). The association between unhealthy dietary pattern and girls' BMI became significant after adjustment for PA (p < 0.05). Girls performed better in PF than boys. Highly educated fathers could contribute to improve the PF performance in boys. There were four DPs among adolescents in Shandong Province, and different DPs may have different effects on PF in boys and girls.

Global Research Hotspots and Trends of Physical Activity in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Bibliometric Analysis.

BACKGROUND Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease characterized by pain, swelling, and limited knee activity. Numerous studies have reported the efficacy and mechanism of physical activity in patients with knee OA. However, bibliometric analyses of physical activity and knee OA are rare. This study aimed to discuss the hotspots, frontiers, and trends in physical activity and knee OA research using bibliometric methods to provide valuable information for future research. MATERIAL AND METHODS Relevant literature was obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database from 2000 to 2021. English-language articles and reviews were selected. CiteSpace (6.1.R2), a bibliometric analytical tool, was used to analyze the countries, institutions, journals, authors, keywords, and references. RESULTS A total of 860 papers were obtained. Publications and citations have increased over the years. The most productive country, institution, author, and journal were USA, the University of Melbourne, Bennell KL, and Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. The author and journal with the most citations were Fransen M and Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. McAlindon TE et al's paper had the most citations and the strongest burst. Two references for the latest bursts were published by Fransen M et al. and Bartholdy C et al. The top 4 keywords were "hip," "knee osteoarthritis," "pain," and "older adult." The keywords for the latest burst were "guideline" and "risk." CONCLUSIONS Over the past 2 decades, research on physical activity in knee OA has received increasing attention. This study identified research hotspots and development trends, providing meaningful information for researchers.

Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in the Portuguese Population: What Has Changed from 2008 to 2018?

Assessment of trends in physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) is important for evaluating the effectiveness of national policies and setting goals to improve population PA. This study describes changes in measured PA and ST through motion sensors of the Portuguese population from 2008 to 2018. PA and ST were measured with accelerometry from individuals (≥10 yr) participating in the 2008 ( n = 4 532) and 2018 ( n = 6 369) Portuguese PA Surveillance Systems. Changes were analyzed using generalized linear and logistic models adjusted for accelerometer wear time. A weight factor was applied to all analyses in order to achieve national representativeness of the present results. In 2018, 15.4%, 71.2%, and 30.6% of Portuguese youth, adults, and older adults met the PA recommendations. Compared with 2008, the percentage meeting the PA guidelines increased in youth females (4.7% vs 7.7%, P < 0.05) and adult males (72.2% vs 79.4%, P < 0.05). A decrease in ST was observed for adult males, whereas ST increased in all youth. Male youth decreased the number of breaks in ST (BST per hour), whereas a favorable increase was found for both adult and older adult males and females. PA has remained fairly stable between 2008 and 2018 for all groups, except for youth females and adult males. For ST, a favorable decrease was observed for adult males; however, an inverse trend was found in youth. These results are relevant for policy makers to develop health care policies aimed at promoting PA and reducing ST across all age-groups.

Effect of nationwide school policy on device-measured physical activity in Danish children and adolescents: a natural experiment.

A new Danish school policy with a requirement for 45min physical activity daily during school hours was introduced in 2014. The objective of this natural experiment was to evaluate the effect of this nationwide school policy on physical activity in Danish children and adolescents. Four historical studies completed between 2009 and 2012 comprised the pre-policy study population. Post-policy data were collected in 2017/18. All post-policy schools were represented in the four pre-policy studies. Age-groups and seasons were matched. In total, 4816 children and adolescents aged 6-17 were included in the analyses (2346 pre-policy and 2470 post-policy). Children and adolescents were eligible if they had accelerometer measurements and did not have any physical disabilities preventing activity. Physical activity was measured by accelerometry. Main outcome was any bodily movement. Secondary outcomes were moderate to vigorous physical activity and overall movement volume (mean counts per minute). The school policy interrupted a linear decreasing pre-policy trend in physical activity during school hours. All activity outcomes increased post-policy during a standardized school day (8:10 am-1 pm). Increases were more pronounced in the youngest children. Specifically, we observed a daily increase during a standardized school day in 2017/2018 of 14.2min of movement (95% CI: 11.4-17.0, p<0.001), 6.5min of moderate to vigorous physical activity (95% CI: 4.7-8.3, P<0.001), and 141.8counts per minute (95% CI: 108.5-175.2, P<0.001). A national school policy may be an important strategy to increase physical activity during school hours among children and adolescents. The Danish Foundation TrygFonden has funded the PHASAR project (ID 115606).

Accelerometer-based physical activity in need satisfaction profiles of schoolchildren: A 3-year follow-up

This study examined moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) trends in physical education (PE) classes and beyond school hours in children's need satisfaction profiles over 3 years. Participants were 445 (girls 256, boys 189) Finnish schoolchildren ( Mage = 11.26 ± 0.32 years). Need satisfaction self-reports and accelerometer-based MVPA data were collected in 17 comprehensive schools over four assessment phases. Four latent profiles based on the need satisfaction trends over time were found: Profiles with Large Decrease, Small Decrease, Small Increase, and Large Increase. The children with the most prominent need satisfaction decreases showed a significant decline in out-of-school MVPA. All the children, irrespective of their need satisfaction profile, exhibited similar patterns of MVPA in PE over the 3-year follow-up. Developing need satisfactions and out-of-school MVPA of the children with the greatest need satisfaction decreases may require enhancements in need-supportive PE activities.

National trends in physical activity among adolescents in South Korea before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, 2009-2021.

With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, several previous studies from different countries showed that physical activity (PA) decreased during the COVID-19 outbreak. However, few studies have examined the recent tendency of PA in the adolescent population. Thus, we aimed to investigate the long-term trend of PA in Korean youth and the prevalence changes between before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Data from Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey (KYRBS) was collected for consecutive years between 2009 and 2021. The period was separated into prepandemic (2009-2019), early-pandemic (2020), and mid-pandemic (2021). Self-reported amount of PA was categorized into four groups (insufficient, aerobic, muscle strengthening, and both physical activities) according to World Health Organization (WHO)PA guidelines.A total of 840 488 adolescents aged 12-18 who fully responded to the survey were selected (response rate: 95.2%). The 13-year trends in the proportion of adolescents who reported aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities met or exceeded 2020 WHO exercise guidelines for adolescents plateaued (11.9% from 2009 to 2011, 14.2% from 2018 to 2019, 14.4% from 2020, and 14.0% from 2021); however, the slope decreased during the pandemic (βdiff , -0.076; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.123 to -0.029). Proportion of sufficient aerobic exercise among adolescents sharply decreased midst the pandemic (28.0% from 2009 to 2011, 29.4% from 2018 to 2019, and 23.8% from 2020; βdiff , -0.266; 95% CI, -0.306 to -0.226) but increased again in 2021 (26.0% from mid-COVID 19; 95% CI, 25.4-26.7). Similar patterns were observed in Metabolic Equivalent Task (MET) score (MET-min/week; 804.1 from 2018 to 2019, 720.9 from 2020, and 779.6 from 2021). The mean difference in MET score between pre-COVID and post-COVID was -55.4 MET-min/week (95% CI, -70.5 to -40.3).Through a nationwide representative study, there was no significant difference with regard to the number of Korean adolescents who achieved the PA guidelines (preand postpandemic); however, the prevalence of recommended levels of PA needs to increase more based on the trend before the COVID-19 outbreak. The findings of this study suggest reinforcement of the importance of public health policies for Korean youths to be more physically active, especially during and after the pandemic.

Changes in physical activity trends and the health status in south Korean adult males before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

This study aims to investigate changes in physical activity and health trends before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea using data from the 2019, 2020, and 2021 Korea National Sports Participation Survey (KNSPS). A total of 15,656 adult males (5487 people in 2019, 4791 people in 2020, and 5378 people in 2021) were selected for this research. Descriptive statistical analysis, chi-square test, and one-way analysis of variance were performed. In this study, we revealed changes in sports activities, participation levels, health and fitness status perception, and health and fitness maintenance factors of Korean adults before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, the participation rate in outdoor sports activities, such as walking, gate ball, golf, and fishing has increased compared to before the COVID-19 outbreak. On the other hand, the participation rate of indoor sports activities, such as bodybuilding, swimming, yoga, and Pilates showed a decreasing trend. Participation period, frequency, and intensity, which evaluate the level of sports participation, also showed significant differences during COVID-19, but as the sports participation levels have not changed regularly, it cannot be attributed to COVID-19. Finally, health and fitness status perception were found to be worse after the COVID-19 outbreak than before. In addition, the rate of considering regular physical activity participation as a factor to maintain health and fitness after the COVID-19 outbreak increased. The results of this study can be used as basic data to recognize the impact of the pandemic on our lives and promote healthy and regular physical activity in preparation for any pandemic that may occur in the future.

Longitudinal trends in parent-reported child sleep, physical activity, and screen use during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City.

To examine trends in child sleep, physical activity, and screen use during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City with a prospective, longitudinal online survey of parents recruited from a large medical center. Data was collected Spring 2020 ("Complete Shutdown") and Fall 2020 ("Partial Shutdown"). Outcomes were parental perceptions about changes in child sleep, physical activity, and screen time compared to before COVID-19; and contemporaneous measures of these child behaviors. We report contemporaneous responses and paired analyses to describe longitudinal changes. Two hundred seventy-seven participants were surveyed during Complete Shutdown and 227 (81.9%) filled out a follow-up survey during Partial Shutdown. The largest percentage of parents at both time points perceived no change in child sleep, decreases in child exercise, and increases in child screen time. In paired analyses, perceptions shifted toward less sleep, more physical activity and less screen time from Complete Shutdown to Partial Shutdown. COVID-19 had negative impacts on child health behaviors that did not resolve over a 6-month period despite partial reopenings.

Leisure time physical activity among older adults in Brazil: a time series analysis of a population-based survey (2009-2020).

The practice of leisure time physical activity brings several health benefits, such as the prevention of noncommunicable diseases. Investigating the temporal trend of physical activity practice in older adults by sociodemographic characteristics and geographical regions could be important to plan public health policies and effective interventions. This is a time series study that analyzes the temporal trend of leisure time physical activity among Brazilian older adults with data from 2009 to 2020. For this, we used a sample of 186,097 older adults (≥ 60 years old) obtained from the Risk and Protective Factors Surveillance System for Chronic Noncomunicable Diseases Through Telephone Interview (Vigitel) (2009-2020). Information on leisure time physical activity and sociodemographic and health characteristics were collected. Prais-Winsten regression was used to identify significant trends in the annual variation of the leisure time physical activity indicators. Practice of ≥ 150 minutes/week of moderate intensity leisure time physical activity varied from 23.3% to 27.5% (0.41p.p./year) (2009-2020), with a higher increase during 2015-2020 (0.59p.p./year). The increase in the most recent period occurred among men, aged from 60 to 69 years, with lower educational level, residing in the Northeast Region, and without self-reported chronic diseases. These results may contribute to the evaluation of Brazilian health policies targeting the leisure time physical activity practice in older adults.

Temporal trend of physical activity in Brazilian adolescents: analysis of the Brazilian National Survey of School Health from 2009 to 2019

This study aimed to analyze the physical activity trend of Brazilian schoolchildren and the associations with demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral variables by using the Brazilian National Survey of School Health (PeNSE) in its four editions - 2009, 2012, 2015, and 2019. Data from students (13-17 years old) participating in the four editions of the PeNSE (n = 392,922) were used. We describe the percentage of active, mean, and percentile values of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity in minutes/week. Poisson's regression was adjusted for gender, age, skin color, goods score, and sedentary behavior (≥ 2 hours/day watching TV and ≥ 3 hours/day sitting time). As a limitation, the PeNSE/2009 sample refers only to the Brazilian capital cities. The percentage of active students decreased from 43.1% in 2009 to 18.2% in 2019. The mean moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity of PeNSE/2009 (mean = 318.4 minutes/week; 95%CI: 313.4-323.4) decreased 50% in 2019. In physical education, the weekly average in moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity of girls is less than 50 minutes and boys is greater than 60 minutes in the four editions of PeNSE, also 22.7% of girls reported (PeNSE/2019) not having taken physical education classes whereas the same thing is reported by 19.7% of boys. Sedentary behavior reduced regarding time watching TV, but sitting time increased by 50.1% (95%CI: 48.9-51.3) and 54% (95%CI: 53.1-54.9) between PeNSE/2009 and PeNSE/2019. As a consequence of the drop in physical activity levels, public policies that promote physical activity are necessary, including increasing physical education classes at school to at least three times a week.

The Moderated Mediating Effects of Nutrition and Physical Activity Between Fatigue and Quality of Life in Childhood Cancer Survivors

The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between nutrition, physical activity, fatigue, and quality of life (QoL) among childhood cancer survivors. The specific purpose was to examine whether nutrition mediated and physical activity moderated the relationship between fatigue and QoL in this population. A pooled sample of 120 childhood cancer survivors was recruited at pediatric oncology wards and ambulatory settings between August 2020 and May 2021. We collected data on participants' demographic characteristics, fatigue, nutritional status, physical activity, and QoL. We then adapted Hayes Process Macro to examine the mediating and moderating effects of nutrition and physical activity on the relationship between fatigue and QoL. In models adjusted for age and sex, (1) the simple mediation analysis identified the mediating effect of nutrition on the relationship between fatigue and QoL; and (2) the mediation and moderation analysis identified that the direct effect of nutrition between fatigue and QoL was significant when adding (a) physical activity and (b) fatigue×physical activity. There were significantly decreasing trends in physical activity at 1 standard deviation below the mean and at the mean, but not at 1 standard deviation above the mean. Our findings demonstrate that nutrition mediated and physical activity moderated the relationship between fatigue and QoL. This highlights an opportunity to enhance QoL among childhood cancer survivors through healthy lifestyle interventions. To ensure that future interventions address children's needs and promote the greatest impact, such interventions should include nutrition and physical activity components that involve nurses, pediatric oncology physicians, nutritionists, and physical therapists.

Healthcare utilisation, physical activity and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown: an interrupted time-series analysis of older adults in England

COVID-19 measures which reduce interpersonal contact may be effective in containing the transmission, but their impacts on peoples’ well-being and daily lives overtime remain unclear. Older adults are more vulnerable to both the virus and social isolation. It is therefore imperative to understand how they were affected during this period. Major concerns arising from the pandemic cover the aspects of mental health, healthcare utilisation and individual behavioural changes. Complementing the existing before-and-after analyses, we explore the impacts of easing and re-introducing COVID-19 measures by using a time-series data in England. The data was collected between May and November 2020 from the monthly surveys of the Platform for Research Online to Investigate Genetics and Cognition in Aging (PROTECT). Chi-squared analysis and interrupted time-series analysis were conducted to examine impacts of easing and re-introducing COVID-19 measures. Overall, mental health improves overtime but at a decreasing rate. The use of telephone/video consultations with a doctor or health professional presented a decreasing trend during the pandemic, whilst that of in-person consultation was increasing overtime. We observed significant variations in the time trends of mental health measures, healthcare utilisation and physical activity following the ease but not the re-introduction of COVID-19 measures. Future research is required to understand if these asymmetric impacts were driven by adaption of the people or stringency of the measures.

Physical activity and screen time in Swedish children and adolescents: The generation pep study 2018-2021.

To analyse physical activity and screen time trends annually between 2018 and 2021 in large population-based samples of Swedish children and adolescents. This is a repeated cross-sectional study using data collected over 4 years (2018-2021) using simple probability sampling of Swedish children and adolescents aged 4-17 years. The web-based questionnaire, including questions on physical activity and screen time, was filled out by a parent if the child was <12 years of age and by the adolescents themselves if they were ≥ 12 years. Sociodemographic data was collected from the parents. No significant difference in physical activity was observed in 2020 and 2021 compared to 2019. However, older children/adolescents and girls have higher odds to be in a lower physical activity category (p-values<0.001). With regards to screen time, there was a significant increase in reported screen time from 2018 to 2021 for children and adolescents, with screen time peaking in 2020 (p-values<0.001). This is the first study in Sweden evaluating trends in physical activity and screen time in large population-based samples spanning from pre-school to adolescence. Interventions to promote physical activity, especially in the older age groups and to reduce screen time in a Swedish context are warranted.

Exploring physical activity trends and lesson context of incarcerated youth in a sport-leadership program.

Incarcerated youth are one subset of the population in dire need of physical activity interventions. As inactivity within incarcerated populations has become a mounting public health concern, several sport-based physical activity and fitness programs within prisons have emerged. The purpose of this study is to explore physical activity levels and lesson context of a sport-leadership program in one juvenile detention center. Participants in this study were 27 incarcerated males (Mage = 19.3), imprisoned in one juvenile detention center. Participants participated in 20, 40-min sport-leadership lessons over the course of 3 months. Each lesson was live coded using the System for Observing Instructional Time (SOFIT) to examine physical activity levels and lesson context. Over the course of 20 lessons, participants engaged in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) for 61% of lesson time (24.5 min). Further, over 23% of lesson time was spent vigorously (9.5 min). Specific to lesson context, 18% of total lesson time (7.5 min) was spent in management whereas 7.96% (3.1 min) was consumed by knowledge acquisition. Furthermore, a vast majority of each session (70%) was spent in gameplay (28.04 min). This study is the first to adopt the SOFIT systematic observation instrument to evaluate and quantify MVPA and lesson context during a sport-leadership program within a juvenile detention center. Results from this study indicate incarcerated youth who participated in this program engaged in MVPA for more than 60% of lesson time. It was reported that overall MVPA of participants within programming slightly decreased across the 20 total lessons.

Physical Activity Trends Among Adults in a National Mobile Health Program: A Population-Based Cohort Study of 411,528 Adults.

Physical inactivity is a global public health challenge, and effective, large-scale interventions are needed. We examined the effectiveness of a population-wide mobile health (mHealth) intervention in Singapore, National Steps Challenge Season 3 (NSC3) and 2 booster challenges (Personal Pledge and Corporate Challenge). The study includes 411,528 participants. We used regression discontinuity design and difference-in-difference with fixed-effects regression to examine the association of NSC3 and the additional booster challenges on daily step counts. Participants tended to be female (58.5%), with an average age of 41.5 years (standard deviation, 13.9) and body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)2) of 23.8 (standard deviation, 4.5). We observed that NSC3 was associated with a mean increase of 1,437 steps (95% confidence interval (CI): 1,408, 1,467) per day. Enrollments in Personal Pledge and Corporate Challenge were associated with additional mean increases of 1,172 (95% CI: 1,123, 1,222) and 896 (95% CI: 862, 930) steps per day, respectively. For NSC3, the associated mean increase in the step counts across different sex and age groups varied, with greater increases for female participants and those in the oldest age group. We provide real-world evidence suggesting that NSC3 was associated with improvements in participants' step counts. Results suggest NSC3 is an effective and appealing population-wide mHealth physical activity intervention.

Recent Secular Trends in Child and Adolescent Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Internationally: Analyses of Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance Global Matrices 1.0 to 4.0.

We examined recent global secular trends in 5 indicators of child and adolescent physical activity and sedentary behavior (Overall Physical Activity, Organized Sport and Physical Activity, Active Play, Active Transportation, and Sedentary Behavior) and 4 influences on these (Family and Peers, School, Community and Environment, and Government). Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance letter grades (A+ to F) were assigned numbers from 15 to 2, with 0 assigned for missing/incomplete grades. Trends from Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance Global Matrices 1.0 (2014) to 4.0 (2022) were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models with level of economic development and gender inequity considered as potential moderators. Report card grades were generally relatively stable. Trends generally did not differ significantly by level of economic development (except for Active Transportation and Active Play), but gender inequality did significantly moderate trends for most of the indicators, with higher gender inequality associated with more adverse changes in grades. The number of "incomplete" grades decreased over time, but this did not reach statistical significance. While trends varied within and between countries, physical activity and sedentary behaviors, and the influences on these behaviors globally, were relatively stable over the past decade or so, albeit at undesirable levels.

Prognostic significance of remotely monitored nocturnal heart rate in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction

Elevated resting heart rate is a risk factor for cardiovascular events. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of nocturnal heart rate (nHR) and 24-hour mean heart rate (24h-HR) obtained by continuous remote monitoring (RM) of implantable devices. We analyzed daily-sampled trends of nHR, 24h-HR, and physical activity in patients on β-blocker therapy for chronic heart failure and with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators or cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators (CRT-Ds). Patients were grouped by average nHR and 24h-HR quartile during follow-up to estimate the respective incidence of nonarrhythmic death and device-treated ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (VT/VF). The study cohort included 1330 patients (median age 69 years [interquartile range 61-77 years]; 41% [n = 550] with CRT-D; median follow-up 25 months [interquartile range 13-42 months]). Compared with patients in the lowest nHR quartile (≤57 beats/min) group, patients in the highest quartile group (>65 beats/min) had an increased risk of nonarrhythmic death (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] 2.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-4.50; P= .021) and VT/VF (AHR 1.98; 95% CI 1.40-2.79; P < .001) and were characterized by the lowest level of physical activity (P≤.0004 vs every other nHR quartiles). The highest 24h-HR quartile group (>75 beats/min) showed an increased risk of VT/VF (AHR 2.13; 95% CI 1.52-2.99; P< .001) and a weaker though significant association with nonarrhythmic mortality (AHR 1.80; 95% CI 1.00-3.22; P= .05) as compared with the lowest 24h-HR quartile group (≤65 beats/min). In remotely monitored patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator/CRT-D on β-blocker therapy for heart failure, elevated heart rates (nHR >65 beats/min and 24h-HR >75 beats/min) were associated with increased mortality and VT/VF risk. nHR showed a stronger association than 24h-HR with worst prognosis and lowest physical activity.

A bibliometric analysis of COVID-19 and physical activity.

Background:Due to the huge impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on a global scale, the level of physical activity during confinement has become a widespread concern. This study summarizes the development of performance and research trends in COVID-19 and physical activity over the last 3 years.Methods:Research publications on COVID-19 and physical activity in the past 3 years were downloaded from the Web of Science database. CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were used to analyze the authors, published outputs, journals, cited authors, countries and institutions, co-cited journals, cited references, and keywords. Statistical and centrality analyses were used to identify the active authors, core journals, basic references, hot topics, and cutting-edge fields.Results:A total of 1331 papers was retrieved. SMITH L was a prolific author in the field of exercise intervention in COVID-19 with 11 publications. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health was the most productive journal (179 publications) and the most cited journal (1324). The most productive countries and institutions in this field were the USA (322 publications) and Harvard Medical School (21 publications). The four hot keywords in COVID-19 and physical activity research were physical activity, exercise, health, and mental health.Conclusions:This study provides researchers with directions to intervene in changing levels of physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic and valuable information for researchers in the field of sports medicine to identify potential collaborators, collaborating institutions, hot issues, and research frontiers.

Time Trends of Step-Determined Physical Activity Among Adolescents With Different Activity Levels in Czech Republic.

This study aimed to present step-determined physical activity trends in adolescents with different activity levels over a period of 10 years. Pedometers were used to monitor weekly physical activity in 1855 boys and 2648 girls aged 15-19years recruited from 155 schools in the Czech Republic between 2009 and 2018. Trends for average steps/day and percent of accumulating various levels of steps/day (&lt;10,000, 10,000-13,000, and &gt;13,000steps/d) were analyzed by sex. There was a statistically significant decrease in average steps/day between 2009-2010 and 2017-2018 in boys from 12,355 (3936) steps/d to 10,054 (3730)steps/d and girls from 11,501 (3278)steps/d to 10,216 (3288)steps/d. The percent accumulating &lt;10,000steps/d increased by 21% in boys and 12% in girls. The percent achieving &gt;13,000 steps/d decreased by 17% in boys and 10% in girls. Objectively collected evidence indicates an overall decrease in Czech adolescents' steps/day over a 10-year period concurrent with an increase in the percent of boys and girls accumulating &lt;10,000steps/d. These trends are concerning as they portend a decline in physical activity as adolescents transition to adulthood and continue to age, which also may have major health implications.

Worldwide physical activity trends since COVID-19 onset

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted nearly all aspects of daily life worldwide. Public health interventions necessary to curb disease spread could have unintended consequences that adversely influence long-term health outcomes beyond near-term mortality.1 For example, step counts—a proxy for physical activity2—were markedly lower early in the COVID-19 pandemic than pre-pandemic.3 As the global pandemic persists despite vaccines, understanding its long-term ramifications on physical activity—an important determinant of health4—is crucial, and might help to inform public health and regional policy decisions.