Ovarian Cancer Mortality Trends Research Articles

European trends in ovarian cancer mortality, 1990–2020 and predictions to 2025

IntroductionOver the last decades, ovarian cancer mortality in Europe has been decreasing, but disparities in trends were observed. In this paper, we analysed ovarian cancer mortality trends in Europe over the period 1990–2020 and predicted the number of deaths and rates by 2025. MethodsWe extracted population and death certification data from ovarian cancer in women for 31 European countries, between 1990 and 2020 from the World Health Organization database. We computed age-standardised mortality rates (ASMR) per 100,000 women-years, based on the world standard population. We also obtained predictions for 2025 using a joinpoint regression model and calculated the number of avoided deaths over the period 1994–2025. ResultsOver the observed period, mortality from ovarian cancer showed a favourable pattern in most countries. In the EU-27, rates declined by 5.9% from 2010–2014 to 2015–2019, reaching an ASMR of 4.66/100,000. During the same period, the decline in ovarian cancer mortality was more pronounced in the EU-14 countries (−7.0%) compared to Transitional countries (−2.1%). Declines were also observed in the United Kingdom, to reach an ASMR of 5.29. Decreases in mortality from ovarian cancer are predicted until 2025, to 4.17/100,000 for the EU-27. ConclusionsFavourable trends in ovarian cancer mortality are expected to persist in Europe and can be mainly attributed to the increased use of oral contraceptives in subsequent generations of European women. Decreased use of menopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy and improved diagnosis and management may also have played a role.

The mapping of ovarian cancer mortality trends in Brazil

Ovarian cancer is the eighth cause of death by cancer in women worldwide. The objective of this study was to analyze trends in the Brazilian ovarian cancer mortality and the relation to age, schooling, and race. Data was collected in the Brazilian Mortality Information System (SIM), from 2006 to 2016. The polynomial regression model was used for the trends analysis, a significant trend was considered when the estimated model obtained a p-value <0.05. Ovarian Cancer caused 34,003 deaths in Brazilian women in this period, the mortality rate (MR) was 0.46 per 100.000 women aged less than 40; 4.2 in women aged between 40 – 59; 12.2 in women aged between 60 – 79 and 19.4 in women 80 years old or more. About Race, 65% were White, others were declared as Black, Asian, Mixed-race, or Indigenous. Only 26% had 8 years or more of schooling. Mortality rates from ovarian cancer seemed to be rising in Brazil, the major increase happened in the South, the Southeast, and the Middle-West Regions. Women aged between 40 to 59 had the most significant increase. Politics are needed to facilitate the Brazilian population's access to health services, consequently minimizing the time to diagnose and start the treatment. Research about mortality rates could help health workers identify gaps in knowledge and consequently decrease the magnitude of the disease.

Global trends and predictions in ovarian cancer mortality

Over the last two decades, ovarian cancer mortality rates have levelled or declined. There are, however, persisting and substantial differences in ovarian cancer patterns and trends. We updated global trends in ovarian cancer mortality to 2012, and predicted trends in rates to 2020 using data from the World Health Organization database. In the EU, age-adjusted ovarian cancer mortality rates decreased 10% between 2002 and 2012, to 5.2/100 000. The decline was ∼16% in the USA, to 4.9/100 000 in 2012. Latin American countries had lower rates, and declines were observed in Argentina and Chile. Likewise, modest declines (-2.1%) were observed in Japan, whose rate remained low (3.2/100 000 in 2012). Australia had a rate of 4.3/100 000 in 2012, and a 12% decline. The falls were larger in young women, than in middle or old age. Recent rates at age 20-49 were higher in Japan than in the EU and the USA. Predictions to 2020 indicate a further 15% decline in the USA and 10% in the EU and Japan. The main reason for the favourable trends is the use of oral contraceptives (OCs), particularly, in the USA and countries of the EU where OCs were introduced earlier. Declines in menopausal hormone use may also have played a favourable role in elderly women, as well as improved diagnosis, management and treatment.

Ovarian cancer in Iranian women, a trend analysis of mortality and incidence.

Ovarian cancer is an important cause of mortality in women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and mortality rates and trends in the Iranian population and make predictions. National incidence from Iranian annual of National Cancer Registration report from 2003 to 2009 and National Death Statistics reported by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education from 1999 to 2004 were included in this study. A time series model (autoregressive) was used to predict the mortality for the years 2007, 2008, 2012 and 2013, with results expressed as annual mortality rates per 100,000. The general mortality rate of ovarian cancer slightly increased during the years under study from 0.01 to 0.75 and reaching plateau according to the prediction model. Mortality was higher for older age. The incidence also increased during the period of the study. Our study indicated remarkable increasing trends in ovarian cancer mortality and incidence. Therefore, attention to high risk groups and setting awareness programs for women are needed to reduce the associated burden in the future.

Trends in gynecologic cancer mortality in East Asian regions

ObjectiveTo evaluate uterine and ovarian cancer mortality trends in East Asian countries.MethodsFor three Asian countries and one region (Japan, Korea, Singapore, and Hong Kong), we extracted number of deaths for each year from the World Health Organization (WHO) mortality database, focusing on women ≥20 years old. The WHO population data were used to estimate person-years at risk for women. The annual age-standardized, truncated rates were evaluated for four age groups. We also compared age-specific mortality rates during three calendar periods (1979 to 1988, 1989 to 1998, and 1999 to 2010). Joinpoint regression was used to determine secular trends in mortality. To obtain cervical and uterine corpus cancer mortality rates in Korea, we re-allocated the cases with uterine cancer of unspecified subsite according to the proportion in the National Cancer Incidence Databases.ResultsOverall, uterine cancer mortality has decreased in each of the Asian regions. In Korea, corrected cervical cancer mortality has declined since 1993, at an annual percentage change (APC) of -4.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], -5.3 to -4.4). On the other hand, corrected uterine corpus cancer mortality has abruptly increased since 1995 (APC, 6.7; 95% CI, 5.4 to 8.0). Ovarian cancer mortality was stable, except in Korea, where mortality rates steadily increased at an APC of 6.2% (95% CI, 3.4 to 9.0) during 1995 to 2000, and subsequently stabilized.ConclusionAlthough uterine cancer mortality rates are declining in East Asia, additional effort is warranted to reduce the burden of gynecologic cancer in the future, through the implementation of early detection programs and the use of optimal therapeutic strategies.

Trends and Patterns of Ovarian Cancer Mortality in Belgrade, Serbia

Ovarian cancer (OC) represents the leading cause of gynecological cancer deaths. The aim of our study was to estimate the patterns and trends in OC mortality in the population of Belgrade (Serbia) during the period 1976 to 2007. Mortality data (official death certificates) for OC have been gathered from the Municipal Institute of Statistics in Belgrade. Mortality rates with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were adjusted by the European standard population. Trends in age-adjusted and age-specific mortality rates were calculated using joinpoint regression, according to the method of Kim et al. An annual percent of changes in mortality rates for each line segment was estimated by fitting a regression line to the natural logarithm of the rates using calendar years as a regressor variable. The average age-adjusted OC mortality rate during the period 1976-2007 was 5.4/100,000 (95% confidence interval, 4.8-6.1). For total women population, no joinpoint is found, whereas significantly increasing mortality trend was observed during the whole study period (+3.6% annually; P < 0.001). In the group age 55 to 64 years, one joinpoint was detected with a significant increase in OC mortality trend between 1976 and 1990 (+9.8% annually; P < 0.001) and with nonsignificant decreasing tendency between 1990 and 2007 (-1.0% annually; P = 0.773). In the two oldest age groups, statistically significantly increasing tendency in OC mortality was evident during the overall calendar period with no apparent change in linear trends. Mortality due to the OC in Belgrade has continued to increase, suggesting that this malignancy is becoming an increasing public health problem in our country.

Epidemiological characteristics of ovarian cancer in Korea

This study was conducted to examine recent trends in ovarian cancer incidence and mortality and secular trends in demographic factors in Korea. With the data from Korea Central Cancer Registry, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Korean Death Registry, and World Health Organization's Statistical Information System, we calculated age-standardized incidence and mortality rates for ovarian cancer. Also we estimated future incidence of ovarian and cervical cancer using linear regression model. To assess the demographic trend, data from national surveys in Korea or results from published papers were searched. Ovarian cancer incidence rate was similar to that in women worldwide but lower than those in Western countries, and the trend has been increased steadily. Ovarian cancer-related mortality rates have been increasing in Korea, even though those in western and some Asian countries, such as China, have been decreasing. Age-specific incidence rate and mortality rate showed steep increases with advancing age. The incidence rate of ovarian cancer was estimated to surpass that of uterine cervix cancer in 2015. Korea showed rapid changes in nutritional, reproductive, and anthropometric factors. These recent trends in ovarian cancer incidence and mortality may be partly attributed to gradual westernizing of life styles and to changes in socio-demographic behavior factors. In particular, the increasing trend in ovarian cancer mortality in Korea may be attributed to a real rise in mortality as well as, in part, a decline in misclassification bias related to an increase in the proportion of deaths confirmed by physician diagnosis.

Age-specific breast, uterine and ovarian cancer mortality trends in Spain: Changes from 1980 to 2006

Introduction: Cancers of the breast, uterus and ovary are responsible for 30% of the cancer deaths in Spanish women. In recent decades, Spain has experienced important socioeconomic transformations, which may have affected mortality trends. We present the current situation of mortality in Spain due to cancers of the breast, uterus and ovary, as well as trends over 1980–2006. Methods: Data on population and deaths due to cancers of the breast, uterus and ovary were obtained from records of the National Statistics Institute. Overall and age-specific changes in mortality of these tumors were studied using change-point Poisson regression models. Results: Breast cancer was responsible for more than 140,000 deaths of females in 1980–2006. Trend analysis of breast cancer mortality of women of all ages showed that rates increased 2.9% annually until 1992 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.5, 3.3). After 1992, mortality declined steadily at a rate of −2.1% per year (95% CI = −2.4, −1.8). The number of deaths due to cancers of the uterus was 49,287 between the years 1980 and 2006. Uterine cancer mortality registered a steady decrease of −1.9% every year since 1980 (95% CI = −2.1, −1.8). Ovarian cancer caused 36,157 deaths during the same period, with rates in women older than 50 years more than ten-fold those of younger women. Trend analysis showed a sharp increase of mortality up to 1998 (4.4% annually; 95% CI = 3.9, 4.8) followed by a stabilization. Conclusion: The downturn observed in mortality for these tumors mainly reflects improved survival as a result of earlier diagnosis and better cancer treatments. Cancer management is moving in the right direction in Spain.

Time trends in ovarian cancer mortality in Europe (1955–1993): effect of age, birth cohort and period of death

The time trend in ovarian cancer mortality in the European Union over the period 1955–1993, and the age, period-of-death and birth cohort components underlying the trend's evolution were analysed using log–linear Poisson models to quantify risk of dying from ovarian cancer in the different countries and regions of Europe, and ascertain the relative annual trend for each country. Furthermore, age–period–cohort models were fitted for each country in order to ascertain the effect on time trend exerted by the respective age, period-of-death and birth cohort components. Ovarian cancer mortality proved 2.77-fold (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.60–2.95) higher in northern versus southern Europe over the period 1955–1993. Denmark registered the highest adjusted rates, namely, 14.3 per 100 000 person-years for the 1989–1993 5-year period, the last studied, with Portugal (4.5 per 100 000) and Greece (4.5 per 100 000) being the countries with the lowest rates. Spain and Greece, with annual rises of 5.8% (95% CI 5.3–6.3) and 5.1% (95% CI 4.2–6.0) respectively, were the countries that displayed the greatest increase in ovarian cancer mortality. Risk of death associated with the birth cohort effect declined in all northern countries from 1920 to 1930. In the south, Italy and France recorded a decline in risk from 1930. Women in Spain and Greece registered an increase in birth cohort-associated mortality, which became less pronounced after 1930. Ovarian cancer mortality in Europe evinces a south–north distribution pattern. The mortality risk for women cohorts born in northern Europe witnessed a gradual decline from 1920 to 1930. In the southern region: (1) Italy and France display a cohort effect of decreased risk from 1930; and (2) Greece and Spain show a cohort effect of increased risk among the different generations of women, though this became less pronounced from 1930 onwards.

Trends in United States Ovarian Cancer Mortality, 1979–1995

In Brief Objective To describe the epidemiology of ovarian cancer mortality in the United States from 1979 to 1995. Methods The mortality data of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were accessed using the Wide-ranging ONline Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER). We selected all deaths among women with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) code 183.0 (ovarian malignant neoplasm). Mortality data for the years 1979–1995 were age-adjusted to the United States 1990 female population, and mortality rates for each year were calculated for females of all ages by age category, by race, and by geographic location. Trends were obtained for the periods 1979–1983 to 1991–1995, and the impact on the number of ovarian cancer deaths was calculated. Results Age-adjusted ovarian cancer mortality rates have changed little in the United States from 1979 to 1995, but rates are increasing in older women (65 years and older) and decreasing in younger women. Age-adjusted mortality rates are higher among whites than in blacks. Ovarian cancer mortality rates are higher in northern compared with southern states. Conclusion The trends in ovarian cancer mortality among younger and older women parallel published changes in incidence and may be due to changes in risk factors, such as the use of oral contraceptives. The reasons for the higher ovarian cancer death rates in northern states are unknown. Better understanding of how modifiable risk factors and treatment methods affect ovarian cancer mortality trends is needed. Age-adjusted ovarian cancer mortality rates have changed little in the United States from 1979 to 1995, but rates are increasing in older women (65+ years), are decreasing in younger women, and are higher in northern states.

Trends in United States ovarian cancer mortality, 1979–1995

Objective: To describe the epidemiology of ovarian cancer mortality in the United States from 1979 to 1995. Methods: The mortality data of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were accessed using the Wide-ranging ONline Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER). We selected all deaths among women with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) code 183.0 (ovarian malignant neoplasm). Mortality data for the years 1979–1995 were age-adjusted to the United States 1990 female population, and mortality rates for each year were calculated for females of all ages by age category, by race, and by geographic location. Trends were obtained for the periods 1979–1983 to 1991–1995, and the impact on the number of ovarian cancer deaths was calculated. Results: Age-adjusted ovarian cancer mortality rates have changed little in the United States from 1979 to 1995, but rates are increasing in older women (65 years and older) and decreasing in younger women. Age-adjusted mortality rates are higher among whites than in blacks. Ovarian cancer mortality rates are higher in northern compared with southern states. Conclusion: The trends in ovarian cancer mortality among younger and older women parallel published changes in incidence and may be due to changes in risk factors, such as the use of oral contraceptives. The reasons for the higher ovarian cancer death rates in northern states are unknown. Better understanding of how modifiable risk factors and treatment methods affect ovarian cancer mortality trends is needed.

Descriptive epidemiology of ovarian cancer in Europe

Trends in ovarian cancer mortality over the period 1955–1989 were analyzed for 25 European countries (excluding the Soviet Union and a few small countries) on the basis of the official death certification data from the World Health Organization database. The overall variation in age-standardized ovarian cancer mortality at all ages declined appreciably, from over 17-fold during the period 1955–1959 (i.e., between 10.5 100,000 in Denmark and 0.6 100,000 in Spain, world standard) to 3.4-fold (i.e., between 9.9 100,000 in Denmark and 2.9 100,000 in Spain) in the late 1980s. When a comparison was made between the late 1950s and the 1980s, ovarian cancer mortality increased in most European countries, except Denmark, Sweden, and Switzerland, where certified mortality was already elevated in the late 1950s, although also in these countries the peak rate around or over 10 100,000 was reached during the 1960s. However, when the changes over the last decade were considered, ovarian cancer mortality trends were downward in all Nordic countries, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, and Czechoslovakia. Mortality was rising somewhat, though to a smaller extent, in Ireland, Britain, and Southern Europe. Trends were more favorable in middle-aged women (35 to 64 years), and, to an even greater extent, in young women (aged 20 to 44), among whom substantial declines, particularly over the last decade, were observed in most European countries, approaching 50% in Britain and Scandinavia. These trends are discussed in terms of changes in risk factor exposure (i.e., trends in average parity and oral contraceptive use), diagnostic and therapeutic improvements, ovariectomy, and changes in case ascertainment and certification.