During the period after the pandemic, the chemical sector, which is a crucial component of national progress, encounters further obstacles. The industry has been affected by the pandemic, leading to a need for faster transformation and upgrading. Additionally, there is an increased demand for green and environmental protection in the chemical sector due to global climate change and the concept of sustainable development. During the time after the pandemic, there will be a continued trend of industrial clustering and scale development in the chemical sector. It is essential to prioritize optimization via green supply chain management in order to facilitate industrial upgrading. In order to achieve this objective, this study administered a questionnaire survey to gather reliable data. The collected data was then analyzed using software tools like SPSS and AMOS. The analysis aimed to investigate the influence of various factors, including regulatory compliance, green procurement, green manufacturing, green logistics, green sales, competitors, internal environmental protection, and cost control, on the awareness and implementation of green supply chain management in chemical enterprises. Additionally, a structural equation model was constructed to further examine these relationships. The findings suggest that green procurement, manufacturing, logistics, sales, and internal environmental protection and cost control have a notable and beneficial influence on the implementation of green supply chain management. Additionally, the awareness and implementation of green supply chain management also contribute positively to both economic and environmental advantages. This paper offers a theoretical framework for enhancing the efficiency of the green supply chain management system in chemical industrial clusters, hence promoting the environmentally friendly and sustainable growth of the chemical sector.