Trends In Impact Factor Research Articles

Journal Metrics of Orthopaedic Journals between 2016 and 2021: Trends and Comparisons with Other Specialties.

Bibliometric analysis plays a crucial role in elucidating publication trends and aids scholars in gauging the reach of prospective journals for their research dissemination. Concerns with impact factor (IF) have led us to examine the trends in IF, corrected IF (cIF), and Citescore in orthopaedic journals from 2016 to 2021 and compare them with internal medicine and general surgery journals. Journal IF and cIF were obtained from Journal Citation Reports and Citescore data from the Elsevier Scopus database for the years 2016 to 2021. Orthopaedic journals were categorized, and 10 medicine and surgery journals were selected for comparison. Mean values were analyzed to identify trends. The study included 52 orthopaedic journals, evenly split between the United States and the rest of the world, predominantly publishing in English. Mean IF in orthopaedic journals increased from 1.93 (2016) to 2.78 (2021), with similar rises in cIF and Citescore. These trends were consistent in specialty and general orthopaedic journals. No significant differences were found in mean IF between these categories. Medicine and surgery journals also experienced significant IF increases. Orthopaedic journals have experienced growing esteem and extent from 2016 to 2021. Specialty and general orthopaedic journals showed parallel growth. Researchers can utilize this analysis for informed publishing decisions, potentially expanding their readership.

Bibliometric assessment in implant-retained overdenture articles: Mapping citation and journal impact factor trends

Statement of problemImplant-retained overdentures are a recognized treatment option. However, a comprehensive assessment of all articles on implant-retained overdentures to identify publication standards such as mean citation and the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) impact factor is lacking. PurposeThe purpose of this bibliometric assessment was to evaluate the association of mean citation and JCR impact factor with bibliometric parameters in articles on implant-retained overdentures. Material and methodsArticles reporting randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and nonrandomized controlled clinical trials (N-RCTs); case reports and series; retrospective studies; and in silico, in vitro, or systematic reviews in 6 databases were included. Data were extracted, and 2 multiple Poisson regressions analyses were applied (α=.05). The dependent variables were mean citation and JCR impact factor, which were evaluated to identify their association with bibliometric parameters by using prevalence ratio (PR) values. ResultsA total of 1369 articles published from 1986 to 2021 were included. The data revealed a high mean citation and high JCR impact factor for RCT, N-RCT, retrospective, and in vitro studies (P<.05). In silico studies presented a high mean citation (P<.001). Senior researchers with a high h-index were more likely to have a high mean citation and publications with a high JCR impact factor (P<.001). Also, senior authors associated with an international network were more likely to have a high mean citation (P=.001). High-income countries had more studies with a high mean citation and JCR impact factor (P<.05). Higher JCR impact factors were associated with articles evaluating only the maxilla or mandible (P<.05). The topics “implant setting” and “macrodesign” were associated with a high mean citation (P<.05). ConclusionsThe publication trends suggest a high mean citation and a high JCR impact factor for clinical designs (RCT, N-RCT, retrospective) and in vitro studies. The same pattern was also displayed for researchers with a high h-index and located in high-income countries.

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology: A scientometric analysis.

Background A study related to an overview of the editorial workflow, editorial decision-making and timelines of the Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology (IJDVL) had been published earlier. However, a study on publication pattern, citations, contributing organizations, most cited publications etc. of IJDVL has not been performed till now. Objectives This study aims to identify and analyse the impact of IJDVL on various scientometric indicators viz. year-wise publication growth, impact factor trend, most contributing organizations, global outreach, most cited papers, and cited and citing journals, over the years 2007 to 2019. Methods Data for this study were retrieved from the Web of Science-core collection database of Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2021) on 12th May 2021. The search was performed by using the advanced search feature of the database. Using the "InCites", a search for journal citation reports of IJDVL was performed. Results The highest number of cumulative citations have been received by publications published in the year 2019 with 2,122 citations which is 91.53% in citable items. In the year 2009 journal, the impact factor was 0.976, which jumped to 2.712 (Journal Citation Reports™ 2018). IJDVL received its highest impact factor (3.030) in the year 2019. All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi is the most prolific organization contributing to IJDVL with 51 publications. Among foreign countries, China is leading with reference to most contributions by any foreign country with 51 publications in IJDVL. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology having an impact factor 8.277 has been cited 145 times in this journal. Limitations Only one database was used for the study. Conclusion The high proportion of frequently cited articles in recent years, together with its currently high journal impact factor and quartile two-factor, give sustenance to the view that IJDVL publishes high-standard articles relevant to dermatology research and clinical practice.

Trends in publication of general surgery research in Australia, 2000-2020.

The significance of evidence-based surgery has resulted in a shift towards producing high-quality surgical research. The aim of this bibliometric analysis was to evaluate trends in publication of general surgery research in Australia from 2000 to 2020. General surgery publications including clinical trials, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews and meta-analyses by Australian-affiliated authors between 2000 and 2020 were extracted from PubMed. Titles, abstracts, journals and authors were independently screened by two investigators and arbitrated by a third. Publication type and area of focus were manually entered. Quality of articles was measured by trends in impact factor (IF) and SCImago Journal Rank (SJR). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize data and identify trends. Three hundered and ninety-eight articles met inclusion criteria for this study, with a progressive increase in publications over the study period. RCTs and systematic reviews accounted for 109 and 234 publications, respectively. The median number of authors remained constant (p=0.060). There was a significant increase in publication of clinical trials and RCTs (p < 0.001) as well as systematic reviews and meta-analyses (p < 0.001). The median IF increased from 1.93 to 3.08, whilst median SJR increased from 1.11 to 1.16, equivalent to organic growth of journal IF and SJR over this period. Female authorship significantly increased over time (p < 0.001). There is a trend towards increased quantity, quality and diversity in Australian general surgery publications, which is indicative of the progression and importance of robust modern surgical research.

Twenty-six years anniversary (1992-2018) of Food Research International: An overview of research trends.

Food Research International, the peer-reviewed international journal launched in 1992, celebrated its 26years anniversary in 2018. Therefore, we presented an overview on the trending profile of Food Research International and its scientific achievements from 1992 to 2018 by identifying its trends in impact factor, h-index, journal rank, most cited articles, institutes, and countries. The data were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus®. Several scientific achievements were observed in publications (a total of 6,751), impact factor (0.63-3.57), and citations (a total of 1,78,770) over the 26-year period. The most cited documents were related to the interdisciplinary research within food science and technology and contributed to strengthen the progress of science within the field. In 2007, a systematic review published in Food Research International explored the understanding of microencapsulation and their applications, which captured the scientific attention on microencapsulation in global research community. The journal published in vitro antioxidant assays that highly contributed to the process and analytical applications in food processing industries. Food Research International reported a good citing (cites given) and cited (cites received) relationship with the leading journals within the field. Brazil (301) was the most productive country with the highest contributions to the journal. Overall, these findings highlighted the evolution, quality, and productivity of the journal and provided an opportunity for early-career researchers to conduct more innovative studies in food science and publish in Food Research International.

Temporal Trends (1999-2015) in the Impact Factor of Biomedical Journals Published by US and EU Scientific Societies.

ObjectiveThe impact factor has emerged as the most popular index of scientific journals’ resonance. In this study we aimed to examine the impact factor trends of journals published by scientific bodies in the United States of America (USA) and Europe (EU).MethodsWe randomly chose 11 categories of Journal of Citation Reports and created three research classes: clinical medicine, laboratory medicine, and basic science. The impact factor values for the years 1999–2015 were abstracted, and the impact factor of US and EU journals was studied through the years.ResultsA total of 265 journals were included in the final analysis. The impact factor of US journals was higher than that of EU journals throughout the study period. In addition, for both US and EU journals the median impact factor increased throughout the study period. The rate of annual change in the impact factor throughout the study period was lower for US than EU journals (1.85% versus 3.55%, P=0.019). A higher median annual increase was seen in the impact factor during the period 1999–2008 compared to the period 2009–2015 for both US (P<0.001) and EU (P=0.001) journals. In fact, during the second period the US median impact factor value did not show significant changes (P=0.31), while the EU median impact factor continued to increase (P<0.001).ConclusionThe impact factor of EU journals increased at a significantly higher rate than and approached that of the US journals during the last 16 years.

May your New Year be happy and prosperous with “Thrombosis and Haemostasis”

Times are changing; values undergo reestimation in our traditional new year’s editorial, as with previous years (1–3). At the end of 2015, we are again approaching the mark of 1000 submissions, a workload that we are gladly getting used to. We are honoured that our authors and readers remain confident in our journal and we from our side we continue do our best to keep and treasure their confidence. In this aspect, we have now further reduced the average time for first editorial decision to 20 days. Our current Editorial Board remains an effective team. Valuable contributions and constructive suggestions of our Section Editors have been fundamental for fruitful discussions during the Editorial Board meeting in Toronto on how to achieve our goals to further improve the journal, particularly with regards to the impact factor of T&H. Despite having an increased in total citations and visibility, our impact factor is currently at 4.98, reflecting the larger number of papers published. We are confident that our focused priorities will help us achieve a turnaround for our impact factor trend.

Considerations on Impact Factor and Publications in Molecular Imaging and Biology

Molecular Imaging and Biology, 115 Stoney Ford Rd., Holland, PA, 18966, USA The impact factor (IF) for Molecular Imaging and Biology (MIB) for 2014 has been reported, 2.774. The IF is down slightly from the 2013 value of 2.869 and reflects a downward trend observed since 2011. Firstly, a definition: the IF of a journal is the average number of citations per published paper in that journal during the two preceding years. So, the impact factor for MIB for 2014 is calculated from the citations per article for the years 2012 and 2013. Although there appears to be a downward trend in citations in radiology-related journals [1], acknowledging this trend in IF for MIB prompted a vigorous discussion among the editors of the journal, of which there are 54 (3 regional editors, 10 associate editors, 18 international associate editors, and 23 members of the editorial board), to assess what the trend means and how the journal should respond to this downward trend. One of the most interesting questions raised is whether or not we should be playing the BIF game.^ Some journals (e.g., American Journal of Roentgenology) have gone so far as to state that they would not play the game, but what is the significance of such a declaration? If playing the game means that one takes steps solely to increase the IF, I would heartily agree with such a stance. For example, as stated by Lee Rogers [2]:

Impact Factor Dynamic Forecasting Model for Management Science Journals Based on Grey System Theory

A forecast method of the impact factor trend was given based on grey system theory. Using this method, combined with the top 20 management science journals, the grey system GM (1, 1) model was constructed. The model evaluates and predicts the average impact factor trend of the top 20 management science journals.

Impact factor trends for general medical journals: non-English-language journals are lacking behind

The impact factor (IF) is a common citation metric used for evaluating and comparing scientific journals within a certain field. Previous studies have shown that IFs are increasing. However, rates may depend on journal publication language. The aim of this study was to determine IF values and trends for general medical journals, comparing non-English-language with English-language journals. For all journals categorised as "medicine, general and internal" (n = 150) in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR), publication language, country of origin and IFs for the last 10 years were recorded (2001-2010). Data were classified, analysed descriptively and compared using non-parametric tests. From 2001 to 2010, IFs increased for English-language and non-English-language journals (p <0.001). During the 10-year study period, IFs were higher for English-language than for non-English-language journals (p <0.001). The proportion of non-English-language journals included in the JCR was 12.2% in 2001 and 18.0% in 2010 (p = 0.28). From 2001 to 2010, IFs increased significantly for English-language and non-English-language journals. When comparing IF values year-by-year (2001-2010), IFs were significantly higher for English-language than for non-English-language journals. In an international scientific community with English as the universal language of science, non-English-language journals should consider changing publication language, and adopt either a bi- or a monolingual approach. Publishing in English will increase citation counts and thus IFs, but, more importantly, scientific findings will be accessible to a much wider audience.

Secular trends in impact factor of neonatology publications over a 10-year period

To test the hypotheses that published randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in neonatology with negative results (NR) are more likely to be published in journals with lower impact factor (IF) than those with positive results (PR); that there is an increase in the number of yearly published RCTs; that studies with large sample sizes are likely to be published in journals with higher IF. We used all English-written RCTs registered in MEDLINE between 1/1/2001-31/12/2010 in the field of neonatology. Each RCT was classified as having a PR or NR. IF of each journal was determined for the year of publication. We identified 329 RCTs. Yearly number of RCTs varied between 19 and 46, with no significant consistent linear increase over the years. There was no significant change over the years in average IF or in average patient size. IF and sample size of the studies were not significantly higher in studies with PR than in studies with NR. The number of RCTs per year in the field of neonatology has stabilized in the past 10 years, and RCTs with positive or negative results are published in journals of similar IF.

Bibliometrics and Nursing

Bibliometrics and Nursing

The Evolution of Academic Performance in Emergency Medicine Journals: Viewpoint from 2000 to 2009 Journal Citation Reports

Emergency medicine (EM) is a young but rapidly growing field. An evaluation of academic performance and the growing impact of EM journals would help to elucidate the increase in the number of EM scientific studies. The authors used the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) database to investigate the scientific achievements of EM journals in the past 10 years. This was a literature review study. All data were collected from the JCR database. Journals listed in the EM category from 2000 to 2009 were included. Eleven categories that were considered most closely related to EM by a consensus of the authors were chosen for comparison, including cardiac and cardiovascular systems, clinical neurology, critical care medicine, gastroenterology and hepatology, infectious diseases, general and internal medicine, pediatrics, respiratory system, surgery, toxicology, and urology and nephrology. Data on journals in the EM category were collected, including journal title, language, journal country or territory, impact factor for each year, total number of EM journals for each year, and the EM category aggregate impact factor (available from 2003 to 2009). The variables in the comparison group included the number of journals in each of the 11 clinical medicine categories from 2000 to 2009 and the aggregate impact factors for 2003 to 2009. The category aggregate impact factor and journal impact factor were adopted as representative of category and journal academic performance. Linear regression was used to assess the trend of aggregate impact factor and journal impact factor. The slope (β) of the linear regression was used to represent the evolution of performance. The relationship between the 2000 EM journal impact factor and the impact factor trend of EM journals between 2000 and 2009 was measured by Pearson correlation coefficient to evaluate the evolution difference between journals with different initial impact factors. In 2000, all 12 EM journals were published in the United States or Europe, and the language of all was English. In 2009, 10% (2/19) of the journals originated from outside North America and Europe, and 16% (3/19) were non-English-language journals. The number of EM journals increased 58% from 2000 to 2009, twice the increase in the total number of JCR-listed journals, and rank first in the rate of journal number increase among categories of clinical medicine. The impact factor of all EM journals showed an increasingly positive trend since 2000. The impact factor increased faster for high impact factor EM journals than for low-impact-factor EM journals. An increasing number of international EM journals have appeared over the past 10 years. Every EM journal exhibited a positive impact factor trend, but the gap between EM journals' impact factors has widened in the past 10 years.

Citation Analysis and Impact Factor Trends of 5 Core Journals in Occupational Medicine, 1975–1984

Citation Analysis and Impact Factor Trends of 5 Core Journals in Occupational Medicine, 1975–1984

A longitudinal analysis of bibliometric and impact factor trends among the core international journals of nursing, 1977–2008

Background Although bibliometric analysis affords significant insight into the progression and distribution of information within a particular research field, detailed longitudinal studies of this type are rare within the field of nursing. Objectives This study aimed to investigate, from a bibliometric perspective, the progression and trends of core international nursing journals over the longest possible time period. Methods A detailed bibliometric analysis was undertaken among 7 core international nursing periodicals using custom historical data sourced from the Thomson Reuters Journal Citation Reports ®. Results In the 32 years between 1977 and 2008, the number of citations received by these 7 journals increased over 700%. A sustained and statistically significant ( p < 0.001) 3-fold increase was also observed in the average impact factor score during this period. Statistical analysis revealed that all periodicals experienced significant ( p < 0.001) improvements in their impact factors over time, with gains ranging from approximately 2- to 78-fold. Conclusions Overall, this study provides one of the most comprehensive, longitudinal bibliometric analyses ever conducted in the field of nursing. Impressive and continual impact factor gains suggest that published nursing research is being increasingly seen, heard and cited in the international academic community.

Integrative Approach to Quality Assessment of Medical Journals Using Impact Factor, Eigenfactor, and Article Influence Scores

BackgroundImpact factor (IF) is a commonly used surrogate for assessing the scientific quality of journals and articles. There is growing discontent in the medical community with the use of this quality assessment tool because of its many inherent limitations. To help address such concerns, Eigenfactor (ES) and Article Influence scores (AIS) have been devised to assess scientific impact of journals. The principal aim was to compare the temporal trends in IF, ES, and AIS on the rank order of leading medical journals over time.MethodsThe 2001 to 2008 IF, ES, AIS, and number of citable items (CI) of 35 leading medical journals were collected from the Institute of Scientific Information (ISI) and the http://www.eigenfactor.org databases. The journals were ranked based on the published 2008 ES, AIS, and IF scores. Temporal score trends and variations were analyzed.ResultsIn general, the AIS and IF values provided similar rank orders. Using ES values resulted in large changes in the rank orders with higher ranking being assigned to journals that publish a large volume of articles. Since 2001, the IF and AIS of most journals increased significantly; however the ES increased in only 51% of the journals in the analysis. Conversely, 26% of journals experienced a downward trend in their ES, while the rest experienced no significant changes (23%). This discordance between temporal trends in IF and ES was largely driven by temporal changes in the number of CI published by the journals.ConclusionThe rank order of medical journals changes depending on whether IF, AIS or ES is used. All of these metrics are sensitive to the number of citable items published by journals. Consumers should thus consider all of these metrics rather than just IF alone in assessing the influence and importance of medical journals in their respective disciplines.

Citation analysis and bibliometric research in the field of ergonomics

AbstractGiven that journal impact factors now represent such a “hot” topic in the modern scientific world, it is essential that ergonomists remain fully cognizant of the citation‐based research that has been conducted in our field. This article reviews and examines bibliometric research in the ergonomics profession, ranging from seminal work on content analysis and citation indexing, to some of the latest research describing ergonomics journal lists and longitudinal impact factor trends. Overall, history has shown how citation‐based studies have become increasingly common in the ergonomics field during the past few decades, and, as we move through the 21st century, ergonomics journals continue to mature as a result. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Citation analysis and impact factor trends in the Ergonomics Journal List, 19752007

The current study sought to investigate and analyze citation-based trends in the field of human factors and ergonomics over a relatively long period of time. Journals were selected from the Ergonom...

Upwards and onwards

The success of a journal is ultimately tied to its appeal to its readership and potential authors. Over the past few years, by publishing News and Views on high profile papers in the field, inserting ‘Melanoma’ into the title and being adopted as the official journal of the Society for Melanoma Research, and generally acting as a focus and forum for debate on key issues, Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research has increased its readership and is now attracting papers from groups that until recently would have submitted elsewhere. The increased awareness of the journal means that papers published in pcr are more widely read and research into pigment cell biology is gaining a higher profile. The most visible manifestation of a journal’s success is the impact factor, used by publishers to trumpet the success of a journal, and by authors as a key determinant of where to submit. With that in mind, it is again satisfying that the impact factor of this journal has risen yet again, to 4.634. The strong upward trend in impact factor reflects increased citation of papers published in pcr and suggests that the journal is achieving its ambition of serving the research community by publishing papers and reviews of increasing significance to the field. The fact that many of the most cited papers and reviews are in the melanoma field also suggests that the decision to court a melanoma audience has benefited the journal as a whole and is making a substantial contribution to its success. One of the most obvious manifestations of genetic diversity is the range of human pigmentation phenotypes as illustrated by this month’s striking cover. It is widely believed that early hominids originated as a hair covered species in Africa, lacking epidermal pigmentation except in exposed sites and that pigmentation evolved to protect skin against photodamage as hair cover diminished. The migration of humans out of Africa subsequently led to a gradual decrease in levels of constitutive pigmentation as a result of the evolutionary pressures arising from the need to synthesise vitamin D. However, the fact that pigmented melanocytes are present in a wide range of sites that are not sun exposed suggests that melanin-loaded pigment cells may have a range of functions not directly related to UV-irradiation. The hypothesis from Elias et al. explores the possibility that stress to the epidermis also contributed substantially to the origins of human pigmentation. Since its isolation in 1994, the gene encoding the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor Mitf has assumed centre stage as a key factor controlling melanocyte development and differentiation. Over recent years, it has also been implicated as a major regulator of cell cycle progression and metastatic potential. Given its importance and its regulation by the MAPkinase and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways implicated in both developmental control of the melanocyte lineage and melanoma progression, it seemed inevitable that genetic lesions affecting the MITF gene would be found in melanoma. That prophecy was fulfilled with the observation that amplification of the MITF gene occurs in many melanoma patients, though interestingly even a 100-fold amplification only led to around 1.5-fold increase in MITF protein levels. Nevertheless, the amplification of the MITF gene spurred the quest to find more subtle genetic alterations that would affect MITF activity and consequently melanoma behavior. Now, in this issue, Cronin et al. report that MITF is mutated at several residues in melanoma that lead to altered MITF function. The paper, featured in a News and Views by David Fisher, also highlights mutations in Sox10, a key regulator of MITF expression. Together, the evidence suggests that de-regulation of MITF function or expression is a major determinant of melanoma progression and lends support to the idea that understanding more of the controls operating on MITF may open novel therapeutic avenues.

More Changing Times at Cardiovascular Therapeutics

Since its title change in 2008, Cardiovascular Therapeutics has not rested on its laurels. The new Editors-in-Chief (Jane Freedman, Henry Krum, and Chim Lang) have expanded the aims and scope to accept translational and clinical original research and have completely changed the look and feel of the print journal by making it reader-friendly and giving the cover a more modern feel. The Editors have also ensured that manuscripts are processed swiftly (average time from submission to first decision has dropped to 30 days and revised manuscripts are handled equally fast). In a digital age, it is hard to define a journal's circulation the online edition is licensed to institutional libraries worldwide and content is also made freely available within institutions in the developing world via the World Health Organization's HINARI initiative, but we have strong indicators of growth, both in readership and submissions, enough to justify increasing the publication frequency to six issues per year from 2010 (Figure 1). Above all, the Editors have continued to ensure that the quality of the science published continues to remain of high standard. Web access, Jan 09 – Dec 09 (Wiley InterScience statistics). But good journals do not stand still. Six Associate Editors have been appointed and they will strive to help maintain the enviable record of steadily increasing impact factor (Figure 2) and to help fill the huge gap left by the departure of Jane Freedman in April this year. Akira Matsumori, Francis Miller, Christopher Reid, Howard Smith, Wilson Tang, and Ian Young will continue to solicit publication of good original clinical research and will continue to manage submissions effectively so that the final documents are not out of date by the time they are published. In addition, they will help the Editors look for the right opportunities to create thematically based issues, and generally look at ways in which Cardiovascular Therapeutics can address the different ways in which today young and old physicians access information and learn. Impact Factor Trend, 2004-2008 (JCR, ICI Web of Knowledge). The modern publishing environment is very unpredictable and characterized by rapid technological change. In collaboration with the publisher, the Editors have improved the online experience for both authors and readers, and enhanced the web presence of Cardiovascular Therapeutics by introducing and offering services such as EarlyView (complete full-text articles published online in advance of their publication in a printed issue). They have been fully reviewed, revised, and edited for publication, with the authors’ final corrections incorporated); OnlineOpen (offering the opportunity to ensure that articles are immediately and permanently made free to access online) and Expedited (priority publication service exclusively for well conducted, well reported clinical trials, offering priority peer review, and online publication). Cardiovascular Therapeutics is open to hosting podcasts and videos that enhance published manuscripts and we encourage readers to send us ideas for innovative ways to present journal content. Ultimately, the Editors, Associate Editors, and Editorial Board work together to ensure that Cardiovascular Therapeutics continues to improve and provide its authors with timely, informative reviews and balanced editorial decisions, and its readers with content that is worth reading. The team is bringing a lot of creativity and flexibility to the journal, but if you, the authors and readers, feel that more could be done, please do get in touch (details below). The Editors welcome your comments and feedback. Wiley-Blackwell does take its green credential seriously. Cardiovascular Therapeutics uses paper from mills that operate a sustainable forestry policy, and which has been manufactured from pulp that is processed using acid-free and elementary chlorine-free practices. More information can be found at http://www.wiley.com/go/citizenship. Contact the EditorsHenry Krum, MBBS, PHD, FRACP 2 2Monash UniversityAlfred HospitalE-mail: henry.krum@med.monash.edu.au Chim Lang, MD 3 3Ninewells Hospital & Medical SchoolUniversity of DundeeE-mail: c.c.lang@dundee.ac.uk Contact the PublisherWiley-Blackwell 4 4John Wiley & Sons, 9600 Garsington RoadOxford OX4 2DQ, UK.E-mail: rosanna.diogini@wiley.com