Trends In E-cigarette Use Research Articles

Liquid Nicotine, E-Cigarettes, and Vaping: Information for the Pediatric Emergency Medicine Provider.

E-cigarettes, or electronic cigarettes, are electronic nicotine delivery systems that are marketed as a healthier alternative to tobacco cigarettes. There has been an exponential increase in their use among youth since their introduction to the United States market in 2007. With increased use and popularity, there has been an increase in calls to poison control centers regarding liquid nicotine toxicity in children and adolescents. Recent US Food and Drug Administration and other federal regulations of e-cigarettes have attempted to limit availability to youth. This article reviews trends in e-cigarette use among youth, the background and mechanism of action of e-cigarettes, liquid nicotine toxicity, management of liquid nicotine toxicity, and recent policy updates regarding e-cigarettes.

Examining the Relationship between Vaping and Smoking among Texas High School Students

Background: Over the last decade, e-cigarettes have grown in popularity, surpassing cigarettes as the most widely used tobacco product among adolescents. Current evidence suggests that using e-cigarettes (vaping) is less harmful than smoking cigarettes; however, vaping has been linked to severe health consequences and an increased likelihood of transitioning to cigarettes. The upward trend of vaping is infrequently studied in concert with the prevalence of cigarette smoking. The objective of this study is to explore the prevalence of e-cigarette use and to assess potential associations with cigarette smoking among Texas adolescents.Subjects and Method: This study analyzed data on the prevalence of vaping and cigarette smoking among high school students from the 2019 Texas Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), a cross-sectional survey with a sample size of 2032. Participating schools were selected using a multi-level cluster sampling technique and variables of interest were measured using a stan-dardized self-administered questionnaire. The t-test and chi-square tests were used to determine significance of associations between estimates.Results: Almost one in five respondents (18.7%) reported vaping. Non-Hispanic White students (p< 0.001), bisexual students (p < 0.001) and students in the higher grades were more likely to report e-cigarette use. Overall, cigarette smoking appeared to be on the decline in contrast to e-cigarette use and there was a positive association between cigarette smoking and vaping (p < 0.001).Conclusion: The high prevalence of vaping among Texas high school students is a call to action. Halting the upward trend of e-cigarette use is a priority as these products predispose adolescents to significant morbidity.

Electronic cigarette use among adolescents and young adults in Nigeria: Prevalence, associated factors and patterns of use.

BackgroundElectronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have emerged in the Nigerian market, and if used without supervision, may have damaging effects on the physical and mental health of users. Therefore, there is a need to determine the patterns of use, especially among adolescents and young adults. This study aims to assess the prevalence and factors associated with electronic cigarette use, as well as the relationship between their use and anxiety among adolescents and young adults in Lagos, Nigeria.MethodAn online cross-sectional study among participants aged between 15–35 years. The survey had three sections: sociodemographic information, the pattern of e-cigarette use, and a 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with e-cigarette use. P-values <0.05 were considered significant. Statistical analysis was done using STATA-15.0 software.ResultsData from a total of 949 respondents was analysed. Participants had a mean age of 23.36 years (±3.97) and were predominantly female (55.64%). The prevalence of e-cigarette ever-use was 7.9% (95% CI: 5.8,10.0). Older age and being male were independently associated with higher odds of e-cigarette use. After adjusting for age and sex, alcohol use (p<0.001), friend’s use (p<0.001), and other tobacco product or substance use (p:0.05) remained significantly associated with higher odds of e-cigarette use. There was no association between anxiety levels and e-cigarette use.ConclusionThese findings suggest a higher likelihood of e-cigarette use among alcohol consumers, poly-tobacco or substance users and individuals with friends who use e-cigarettes. Health providers and policy makers in Nigeria might consider preventive measures aimed at young adults with the identified risk factors, as well as close monitoring of trends in e-cigarette use in the coming years.

Electronic cigarette use patterns and chronic health conditions among people experiencing homelessness in MN: a statewide survey

BackgroundAdults experiencing homelessness have higher rates of disease and premature morbidity compared to the general population. Tobacco use is a primary contributing factor to these disparities; however, less is known regarding e-cigarette use patterns among adults experiencing homelessness and whether e-cigarettes are used in a manner that is narrowing or widening health disparities. This study aimed to describe the 1) prevalence and trends in e-cigarette use, 2) correlates of e-cigarettes use, and 3) rates of chronic health conditions by product use pattern in a community-based sample of adults experiencing homelessness.MethodsAdults experiencing homelessness in Minnesota were surveyed by self-report in 2015 (n = 3672) and 2018 (n = 4181) regarding e-cigarette and combustible cigarette use, potential correlates of e-cigarette use, and self-reported chronic health conditions (i.e., asthma, hypertension, diabetes, and cancer).ResultsFrequency of use increased from 2015 to 2018 for combustible cigarettes (66.9% vs. 72.3%), e-cigarettes (11.4% vs. 14.5%), and dual combustible/e-cigarette use (10.2% vs. 12.9%). The strongest bivariate correlates of past 30-day e-cigarette use were younger age, non-binary gender identification, non-heterosexual orientation, identification as White/Caucasian, greater frequency of lifetime homelessness, substance use, lack of regular place for medical care, mental health diagnosis, criminal justice involvement, and combustible cigarette smoking. Dual users had significantly higher rates of asthma and cancer than both those using combustible cigarettes and those using neither combustible nor e-cigarettes.ConclusionsDuring a time when cigarette smoking, e-cigarette use, and dual use were decreasing in the general population in Minnesota, rates increased in the homeless population. We observed that the rates of dual use were more than five times greater among homeless adults compared to the general population in 2018. Correlates of e-cigarette use were identified and should be used to identify subpopulations for intervention targeting. Mechanisms of the relationship between dual use and increased risks of health conditions deserve further study.

Trends in E-Cigarette Use by Age Group and Combustible Cigarette Smoking Histories, U.S. Adults, 2014–2018

The trends in e-cigarette prevalence and population count of users according to cigarette smoking histories are unknown. These data are needed to inform public health actions against a rapidly changing U.S. e-cigarette market. Data collected between 2014 and 2018 (analyzed in 2020) from cross-sectional, nationally representative National Health Interview Surveys were used to estimate current e-cigarette prevalence, adjusted prevalence differences (percentage points), and population counts of users. Analyses were stratified by age group (younger, 18-29 years, n=25,445; middle age, 30-49 years, n=47,745; older, ≥50 years, n=79,517) and cigarette smoking histories (current smokers, recent quitters [quit <1 year ago], near-term quitters [quit 1-8 years ago], long-term quitters [quit >8 years ago], never smokers). Among younger adults, e-cigarette use increased in all groups of smokers, with notable increases between 2014 and 2018 among never smokers (1.3%-3.3%, adjusted prevalence difference=2%, p<0.001) and near-term quitters (9.1%-19.2%, adjusted prevalence difference=8.8%, p=0.024). Conversely, the only substantial increase in e-cigarette use between 2014 and 2018 among middle-aged (5.8%-14.4%, adjusted prevalence difference=8.2%, p<0.001) and older (6.3%-9.5%, adjusted prevalence difference=3.3%, p=0.045) adults was among near-term quitters. The largest absolute population increase in e-cigarette users between 2014 and 2018 was among younger-adult never smokers (0.49-1.35 million), followed by near-term quitters among middle-aged (0.36-0.95 million), younger (0.23-0.57 million), and older (0.35-0.50 million) adults. The continuous increase among younger-adult never smokers suggests a rise in primary nicotine initiation with e-cigarettes. The concomitant increase among near-term quitters of all age groups suggests continuing e-cigarette use among smokers who may have switched from cigarettes previously.

Trends in E-Cigarette Use in the U.S.

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) can contain nicotine, and their use can lead to nicotine dependence. Furthermore, e-cigarettes can cause lung

Trends in e-Cigarette Use in Adults in the United States, 2016-2018

Trends in e-Cigarette Use in Adults in the United States, 2016-2018

Abstract A021: Tobacco and e-cigarette use in a sample of young men 18-24 in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico: The Youth Prevention Program

Abstract Background: Smoking is the number one preventable cause of death in the world. In Puerto Rico, 11.3% of the general population reported being current smokers. The majority are men who started smoking at a young age. In addition to cigarette smoking, it is important to monitor the new and potentially dangerous trend of e-cigarette use, which has doubled ever since 2014. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and patterns of current cigarette and lifetime e-cigarette use in a sample of young men 18-24 years old from the Youth Prevention Program (YPREV). Methods: A cross-sectional study among 318 young men was implemented in 2017. Bivariate analysis comparing cigarette and e-cigarette use by selected characteristics were conducted. Results: More than half of the participants reported having smoked cigarettes during the last 30 days. Approximately 39.3% of the participants reported the use of e-cigarette in their lifetime, with 76.9% of the participants indicating trying e-cigarettes for the first time after starting college. When exploring the association between selected characteristics and current cigarette smoking, participants who reported low perceived risk of HIV infection are more likely to smoke cigarettes (p-value &amp;gt;0.01). In relation to e-cigarette, participants who reported being employed were more likely to use e-cigarettes (p-value=0.012). Moreover, participants who belong to the minority serving institution, reported less use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes ever than those part of the community. Conclusions: As YPREV aimed to expand their prevention services to young men in the Western region of Puerto Rico, strategic alliances for the development of multidisciplinary interventions for cigarette and e-cigarette use will be necessary, which will help develop targeted prevention strategies, primarily among freshmen college students in the Western region of Puerto Rico. Citation Format: Nashaly M Saldaña-Santiago, Jorge Rodríguez-Lebrón, Yara Sánchez-Cabrera, Edna Acosta-Pérez, Vivian Colón-López. Tobacco and e-cigarette use in a sample of young men 18-24 in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico: The Youth Prevention Program [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A021.

The attitude towards E-cigarettes, disengagement belief, E-cigarette health literacy and susceptibility among youths and adolescents

ABSTRACT Purpose: The marketing effort of e-cigarettes producers makes youths and adolescents less alert about the potential harm of e-cigarettes. The trend of e-cigarette use among vocational school students becomes increasingly severe in China. This study is to reveal the psychological process that plays a critical role in affecting students’ e-cigarette susceptibility. Method: This study uses the time-lagged data collected from 835 vocational school students in China and the structural equation modelling. Findings: This study finds that the more inclusive attitude towards e-cigarettes makes vocational school students more easily undertake the cognitive process of disengagement belief, which in turn can boost the level of their e-cigarette susceptibility. In addition, such mediation process is shown to be weaker for those displaying the high-level e-cigarette health literacy. Implications: In the future, it is essential to help youths and adolescents built a correct understanding of e-cigarettes from multisource (e.g., schools and governments).

Temporal Trends in E-Cigarette Use Among U.S. Adults: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2016 to 2018

BackgroundIt is important to study the trends of e-cigarette use among various subgroups to understand which populations may be more susceptible to increased use and, therefore, are at risk for potential long-term health effects. MethodsWe used cross-sectional data from the 2016-2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a nationally representative U.S. telephone-based survey of adults aged 18 years or older. The 2017 dataset also includes data from participant interviews that had been conducted in the year 2018. Current e-cigarette use was defined as use of e-cigarettes every day or on some days. We analyzed data using survey weights to ensure representativeness of the data to the US population. ResultsThe study population consisted of 936,319 individuals, of whom 28,917 were current e-cigarette users, and corresponded to 10.8 million U.S. adults. Thirty percent were aged between 18 and 34 years. Forty-nine percent were men; 63% were white, 12% black, and 17% Hispanic. The overall prevalence of current e-cigarette use increased from 4.3% in 2016 to 4.8% in 2018. E-cigarette use significantly increased among middle-aged adults (from 3.9% to 5.2%; P = .004), women (from 3.3% to 4.3%; P <.001), and former smokers (from 5.2% to 7.9%; P = .02), but decreased among current smokers (from 14.5% to 13.8%; P = .02). ConclusionsIn a nationally representative sample, we found important trends in e-cigarette use in a relatively short time frame. A significantly increasing prevalence of e-cigarette use was noted among middle-age adults, women, and former smokers. Our study provides important information about e-cigarette trends that can be used by clinicians when counselling patients and by regulatory agencies to develop public policies.

Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Modulates the Oral Microbiome and Increases Risk of Infection.

SummaryThe trend of e-cigarette use among teens is ever increasing. Here we show the dysbiotic oral microbial ecology in e-cigarette users influencing the local host immune environment compared with non-smoker controls and cigarette smokers. Using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, we evaluated 119 human participants, 40 in each of the three cohorts, and found significantly altered beta-diversity in e-cigarette users (p = 0.006) when compared with never smokers or tobacco cigarette smokers. The abundance of Porphyromonas and Veillonella (p = 0.008) was higher among vapers. Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β were highly elevated in e-cigarette users when compared with non-users. Epithelial cell-exposed e-cigarette aerosols were more susceptible for infection. In vitro infection model of premalignant Leuk-1 and malignant cell lines exposed to e-cigarette aerosol and challenged by Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum resulted in elevated inflammatory response. Our findings for the first time demonstrate that e-cigarette users are more prone to infection.

Three year trends in e-cigarettes among Midwestern middle school age youth

ABSTRACT Background: Middle school age youth are increasing their use of e-cigarettes, which creates a major public health concern. However, more research examining e-cigarette use in this age group is needed. Methods: The current study examines trends in e-cigarette use, perceptions of parental attitudes regarding e-cigarettes, and sibling use over a three-year period (Fall 2016 to Spring 2019) and how these rates compared to other substances (traditional tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana) within time in a sample of middle school age youth residing in the Midwest United States. Results: Findings indicate an increase in youth endorsing lifetime e-cigarette use in 2018 and 2019, with percentages of youth reporting e-cigarette use higher than traditional tobacco use and marijuana use. Further, more youth are indicating more favorable parental attitudes regarding their use of e-cigarettes in 2018 and 2019, with similar perceptions of parental attitudes regarding alcohol use. The percentage of youth who endorsed sibling use of e-cigarettes did not change over the three years. Conclusions: Findings suggest that more work is needed to prevent the initiation of e-cigarettes among middle school age youth, and one avenue may include parents communicating their disapproval as well as the harms associated with use.

E-Cigarette Use by Smoking Status in Estonia, 2012-2018.

Background: In the context of declining smoking rates in Estonia, this study aims to analyze the recent trends in e-cigarette use and its associations with smoking status and sociodemographic factors. Methods: Nationally representative data from biennial cross-sectional health surveys in 2012–2018 (n = 9988) were used to describe the prevalence of smoking and e-cigarette use by smoking status in Estonia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to describe the sociodemographic patterns of e-cigarette use in three subgroups: the general population, smokers, and ex-smokers. Results: The prevalence of current smoking decreased from 45.4% in 2012 to 31.5% in 2018 among men and from 26.6% to 20.0% among women. At the same time, e-cigarette use in the general population had increased to 3.7% among men and to 1.2% among women. The increase in the prevalence of e-cigarette use was statistically significant among men in the general population, smokers, and ex-smokers, but non-significant among women. In addition to period effects, e-cigarette use was patterned by age, gender, and education. Conclusion: In 2002–2018, the e-cigarette use had increased but smoking had decreased in Estonia. A timely and targeted tobacco policy may alleviate the harm of e-cigarette use from the public health perspective.

E-cigarettes: Tobacco policy and regulation.

The purpose of this review is to describe current trends in e-cigarette use, provide an overview of the potential health risks and benefits, and discuss tobacco policy and regulatory considerations. E-cigarette use is popular among youth and adults, despite limited evidence about the long-term risks or benefits. Internationally there is wide variability in how e-cigarettes are classified, which has also led to large differences in regulations on these products. Regulatory policies that strike a balance between the potential benefit of these devices for adult smokers who are trying to quit smoking with reducing the appeal and addictive potential for youth are critically needed. Continued research on the health effects and consequences of e-cigarette use will be essential to inform e-cigarette product standards and tobacco regulatory policies as scientific research strives to keep pace with the ever-changing landscape of e-cigarette technology.