Trends In Ideas Research Articles

Reception as a constitutional and legal phenomenon

It is indicated that modern trends in the civilizational development of society are determined by a large number of factors: global processes of transformation of social reality, the necessary development and modification of universal legal and constitutional values, rationalization and optimization in the direction of achieving a balance of international (international) and domestic interests of a modern democratic state. In this process, a completely logical conclusion is the urgent need for a qualitative change in the understanding of constitutionalism, which is currently being formed in the conditions of the convergence of modern legal systems, transnational processes of the development of constitutional law and the implementation of thestrategy of the life of society in the face of global challenges of humanity.
 The article raises the question of understanding the concept of “reception” as one of the factors in the development of constitutional and legal thought. Various opinions of scientists about the understanding of the concept of “reception” and its influence on the formation of modern legal society were studied. In the course of researching the topic, the author considered the issue of the concept of reception, the components and signs of the researched process, the influence on the formation of the constitutional and legal idea and the consequences of its influence for Ukraine.
 Doctrinal interpretations of reception as a general legal and constitutional phenomenon are of a debatable nature, which makes it possible to talk about the polysemanticity and heterogeneity of the understanding of this legal category. That is why the study of the reception and determination of the doctrinal definition of this constitutional-legal phenomenon is an actual problem that has a range of both general theoretical and praxeological research.
 Summarizing the analyzed doctrinal interpretations of the term “reception”, the authors concluded that the understanding of the term is the borrowing of the standards of legal systems of other countries of the world for the implementation of new processes of society to regulate new processes of the development of democracy. The correct interpretation and understanding of the relevant forms and the path of development will help in the transformation of constitutional-right forms to more progressive ones and the introduction of new trends of ideas and social standards, which is the main way to prevent world conflicts, class inequality and regimes of totalitarianism or dictatorship.

On conceptual grounds of diagnostics and monitoring of geosystems

Within the trend of ideas, methods and approaches of nonlinear dynamics basic features of geo-systems are being considered on high-quality level. It is noticed that evolution of processes and objects in lithosphere cannot be realized outside the limits of self-wave processes, which are spatial-temporal structures. It is remarkable that general trends of evolution of geo-systems can be interpreted in terms of geo-seismicity. We mean formation in geo-system of some generalized self-wave field, which is self-organized at the expense of energy and matter flows from the depth of the earth. Urgency of studies of synchronous dynamics of subsystems or elements of geo-medium, influence of noise on synchronization is being noticed. It is noteworthy that in this context tracking the spectrum of spontaneous seismic-acoustic and electromagnetic emission of lithosphere origin temporally and of spatial “bifurcations” of auto-structures which reflect evolution of seismic-tectonic systems producing seismic process become the first-rate task of modern experimental studies. It is probable that such an approach to formulation of aims, objects and ways of monitoring of evolution of geo-systems is not only necessary but inevitable because it allows to bring it nearer to experimental situation.

Criticising Colonialism in pre‑1945 Japan

From the beginning of Japanese colonial rule, some people began to raise their voices to criticize this new domination on overseas people. During the Taishō democracy period, these voices began to be heard, prior to be smothered during the 1930’s. There were many people who doubted the capacity of the Japanese State to assimilate colonialized populations. We can separate these contestators of the colonial system in three major trends of ideas.1) A moral movement, which emerges basically as a fierce criticism of repressive police and army’s methods against colonial populations (especially after the 1919 independence movements in Korea).2) An economical criticism, inherited from the western liberal philosophy, stating that colonization cost more than it can bring in profits. This trend does not really care about the colonial situation in itself, but consider that the colonial programme is short-termed enterprise as colonial people will obviously struggle against the colonial ruler and defeat it sooner or later.3) Criticisms of the colonial system appearing inside the Japanese academic world itself, among professors in charge of studying and teaching colonial policies: their analysis of the colonial domination leads them to admit the ineluctability of the “home rule” in colonial countries, or even their independence.

Health research, development and innovation in England from 1988 to 2013: from research production to knowledge mobilization

This paper presents a critical analysis of the development of government policy and practice on health research, development and innovation over the last 25 years - starting from the publication of a seminal report from the House of Lords Science and Technology Committee in 1988. We first set out to map and analyse the trends in ideas and thinking that have shaped research policy and practice over this period, and to put the development of health research, development and innovation in the wider context of health system reforms and changes. We argue that though this has been a transformative period for health research, rather less progress has been made in the domains of development and innovation, and we offer an analysis of why this might be the case. Drawing on advances in our understanding about how research informs practice, we then make the case for a more integrative model of research, development and innovation. This leads us to conclude that recent experiments with Collaborations for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care and Academic Health Science Centres and Networks offer some important lessons for future policy directions.

Trends in morphology laboratory teaching in basic medical school

This paper summarized and analyzed the reforming trends in ideas,methods and contents of morphology laboratory education in basic medical school.In order to fulfill the education goals of imparting knowledge and fostering capability and quality education,we should combine the traditional and virtual methods effectively,transform the secondary status ( verifying lecture) of morphology laboratory teaching to independent subject,try to integrate the subjects of morphology,use bilingual education and cultivate scientific research ability. Key words: Morphology; Laboratory teaching; Virtual microscopy; Discipline integration; Bilingual teaching

The Finer Forge:

This paper explores work in the light of Jungian psychology. There are two trends of ideas that can be discerned in Jung’s writings regarding the subject of work. On the one hand, work is associated with the ego’s adaptation to life in the social world. This view results in an opposition between external work—often called “real work”—and inner work. Meaning is associated with inner work and is divorced from a primary activity of everyday life. On the other hand, Jung takes an historical view of the work instinct and derives the appearance of work from the activity of the transformation of libido. In this view, work is understood as a symbolic process reflecting an inner development. External work and ‘inner work’ are reunited in this attitude. The figure of Hephaistos is employed to explore the archetypal background of the experience of work. Fairy tales and poetry are used to illustrate the transformational nature of the Hephaistian energy that manifests in our work with its potential for both creative and destructive outcomes.

Editorial: Home rules

Editorial: Home rules

The Evolution of Algebra 1800-1870

The first event of this period was the appearanceS in 1801, of C. F. Gauss' Disquisitiones Arithmeticae. Of the seven parts of the book only one is devoted to an algebraic issue, namely the cyclotomic equation xn 1 = 0. But the authorns brilliant algebraic thinking is apparent in all the other parts as well. Disquzsitionesn an epoch-making work in algebraic number theory, was for a long time a handbook and source of ideas in algebra. In the course of his study of the cyclotomic equation Gauss shows that it is solvable for every n in the sense that the solutions are expressible in terms of radicals, gives a method for explicitly finding these expressions7 and singles out the values of n for which the solutions are expressible in quadratic radicals and thus the values of n for which it is possible to construct a regular n-gon by means of ruler and compass. As always7 his investigations are strikingly profound and detailed. They were continued by N. H. Abel? who proved the insolvability by radicals of the general quintic and singled out a class of equations7 now named for him7 that are solvable by radicals. The new notions of field (domain of rationality) and group (group of an equation) turned up in Abel's papers with greater definiteness. The next step in this direction that cornpleted the theory was the papers of the young E. Galois, published in fragmentary form between 1830 and 1832, and, after his death, in more complete form by Liouville in 1846. The papers of Abel7 and especially of Galois, already belong to the radically new trend of ideas now generally accepted in algebra. In his study of the ancient problem of solution of equations by radicals Galois shifted the center of gravity from the problem to the methods of its solution: he gave clear-cut definitions of the concepts of a field and of the group of an equation7 established the correspondence between the subgroups of the group of an equation and the subfields of the splitting field of the polynomial on the left side of that equation, and, finally, singled out the normal subgroups of a group and studied its composition series. These were completely new and extremely fruitful methods of investigation and yet

Research on agriculture structures: Evolution and teachings

In France, theories claiming to account for the various types of farming and for the changes which they undergo have followed one another since the end of World War II at an impressive rate. They have foretold either the inevitable disappearance or the healthy development of various farming systems, only to find that at the next stage the continuation or stagnation of those systems is still to be observed and has still to be explained. Thus we have first shifted from the assertion that there are specific characteristics of farming which cannot be overlooked to the idea that the farm may be regarded as a firm like any other, and today the present condition of farming is being explained in terms of the social relations of the capitalist system. On account of this evolution, which will be defined more accurately below, we are now faced with a diversity of analyses and doctrines dealing with the process of structural change in agriculture. This diversity raises such questions as: How can such a rapid succession of theories be accounted for? Which change does it imply in the researchers' approach? What are the repercussions on the orientation of agricultural policies? Such are the questions we intend to deal with in this article. The answer to these questions seems to us to be important if we are to understand the place of agriculture in our society and to give proper guidance to policy-makers and professional leaders, some of whom are somewhat disconcerted by the inefficient working of the theoretical models upon which their actions, their thinking and even their hopes have hitherto been based. Moreover, by exploring these questions we shall be in a better position to see the doctrines and their developments in relation to one another. In this analysis of the evolution of the different lines of approach to research on agricultural structures, we shall immediately rule out the hypothesis that, either out of ingenuousness or from selfish motives, intellectuals are thrilled with themselves for rediscovering phenomenon which they had previously said were certain to disappear. Indeed, to keep changing one's ideas might be a way of fighting againsttheir obsolescence. That would be typical of our modern society, and the very same persons who strenuously denounce it can sometimes be found to be behaving in conformity to it. More fundamentally we shall first consider the evolution of attitudes to research problems over time before trying to assess their present condition. In each case, our approach will consist in seeking out the nationality granted to the agents under consideration. Is this rationality specific to the structure of agriculture and, if so, how can that special situation be accounted for? Lastly, this paper obviously does not intend to appraise the whole trend of ideas in agricultural economics: In the first place, it is concerned only with the structure of production: and secondly, it does not examine the various ideas which have been circulating in the agricultural profession, but confines itself to research work.

Identical Twins Discordant for Congenital Spinal Anomalies

SummaryA twin pair, discordant for congenital spinal cervical anomalies, is described. Zygosity chances are calculated on the basis of initial dizygosity chance, sex likeness, red cell antigens, serum types, red cell enzymes, and dermatoglyphic data. The chance for monozygosity adds up to 0.9992. Literature data on cervical anomalies in twins are reviewed.It is concluded that, although the inheritance of spinal anomalies, such as hemivertebra, is still an open question, this twin pair supports the present trend of ideas that most of these anomalies are caused by peripheral, nongenetic factors.

The Persecutions: some Links between Judaism and the Early Church

Each generation of historiographers has had its own interpretation of the persecutions. In their hour of triumph in the years following the Council of Nicaea, Christians in both halves of the Roman Empire looked back to these events as the heroic age of the Christian faith. The sufferings of the Church were linked to the sufferings of the children of Israel and this time, too, anti-Christ and his abettors, the pagan emperors, their officials and the mobs had been worsted. Like the Egyptians they had perished miserably. But, as so often happens, victory dissolved the common bonds which united the victors. In the next centuries the relations between Church and State in the East and West were to follow different paths. In the East the ‘martyrdom in intention’ of the monastic life tended to replace the martyrdom in deed in opposition to the emperor. In the West, the martyr tradition was to underline that same opposition. Tertullian, Hilary, Ambrose, Gregory VII, Boniface VIII embody a single trend of ideas extending over a thousand years.

Marginalia to McClintock's Work on Mutable Loci in Maize

Previous articleNext article No AccessMarginalia to McClintock's Work on Mutable Loci in MaizeRichard B. GoldschmidtRichard B. Goldschmidt Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The American Naturalist Volume 84, Number 819Nov. - Dec., 1950 Published for The American Society of Naturalists Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/281640 Views: 4Total views on this site Citations: 9Citations are reported from Crossref PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Hejun Lu, Xinglei Cui, Yanyan Zhao, Richard Odongo Magwanga, Pengcheng Li, Xiaoyan Cai, Zhongli Zhou, Xingxing Wang, Yuling Liu, Yanchao Xu, Yuqing Hou, Renhai Peng, Kunbo Wang, Fang Liu Identification of a genome-specific repetitive element in the Gossypium D genome, PeerJ 8 (Jan 2020): e8344.https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8344Yoel E. Stuart Divergent Uses of “Parallel Evolution” during the History of The American Naturalist, The American Naturalist 193, no.11 (Nov 2018): 11–19.https://doi.org/10.1086/700718Richard M. Burian The “Internal Politics” of Biology and the Justification of Biological Theories, (Jan 1986): 23–45.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5349-9_2Curt Stern Richard Benedict Goldschmidt (1878–1958): a Biographical Memoir, (Jan 1980): 68–99.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-5855-7_10Rudolf Hagemann Somatische Konversion beiLycopersicon esculentum Mill, Zeitschrift f�r Vererbungslehre 89, no.44 (Jan 1958): 587–613.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00889089O. Renner Über den Erbgang des cruciata-Merkmals der Oenotheren. V, Planta 48, no.33 (Jan 1957): 343–392.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01944848Wolfgang Beermann Chromomerenkonstanz und spezifische Modifikationen der Chromosomenstruktur in der Entwicklung und Organdifferenzierung von Chironomus tentans, Chromosoma 5, no.11 (Dec 1953): 139–198.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01271486J. Straub Cytogenetik, (Jan 1953): 437–480.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-94606-6_19Margaret Y. Menzel, Meta S. Brown POLYGENOMIC HYBRIDS IN GOSSYPIUM. II. MOSAIC FORMATION AND SOMATIC REDUCTION, American Journal of Botany 39, no.11 (Jan 1952): 59–69.https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1952.tb13046.x

5. Sociology

In this paper, read before the Dresden Forensisch-Psychiatrische Vereinigung last March, the author discusses the rather hackneyed question of the method of dealing with dangerously criminal lunatics. The arguments on the matter are too familiar to need re-statement, but some points brought out by the author may be of interest as showing the trend of ideas on the question in Germany. He deals in some detail with the system of lunatic wings attached to prisons, a system which exists in Prussia, Wurtemburg, Saxony, and Baden. This system he approves of so long as the special wings are used only for the temporary detention of offenders who have shown signs of insanity while undergoing the ordinary penal discipline. It appears, however, that a wider extension has been given to this method at Waldheim, where the lunatic block connected with the penal establishment serves for the treatment during indefinite periods not only of criminals who have become insane and of insane persons who have committed crimes, but also of lunatics who have shown dangerously violent tendencies in other asylums. It is suggested that this arrangement has not worked very satisfactorily at Waldheim, the explanation apparently being that the medical administration of the lunatic wing is unduly influenced by the lay authority of the prison. On this account the author is opposed to having such institutions used for the prolonged detention of insane patients of any class so long as the prisons with which they are connected are not under medical control and government; and this view appears to have commanded the support of the alienists who took part in the discussion. Regarding the other possible plans for meeting the difficulty created by this class of insane patient, the author very reasonably concludes that the choice between special criminal asylums and special blocks in ordinary asylums must be decided by the conditions in each locality. The former plan will be suitable in districts with a large industrial population, while the special blocks will be found sufficient in rural populations. Whatever system is adopted, it is urged that the criterion for bringing patients under these special means of control should be their distinctly dangerous disposition, and that no regard should be had to the pedantic consideration whether they had or had not been legally labelled as criminals.