Trend Of Gradual Decrease Research Articles

Comfort and health evaluation of live mutton sheep during the transportation based on wearable multi-sensor system

The uncertainty of transport environment threatens the comfort and health of live mutton sheep and even affects the quality of meat after slaughter. Using modern information technology to solve the deficiencies of live animal centralized transport is of great significance for the stable development of animal husbandry. In this paper, the wearable multi-sensor system was specially designed, and the system test experiment and transport monitoring experiment were carried out. According to the continuous and real-time data of environmental and physiological parameters obtained from the transport monitoring experiment, the optimization extraction, data collection analysis, correlation analysis and simulation analysis of the internal environment in the carriage were carried out, and the prediction model between environmental and physiological parameters based on generalized regression neural network (GRNN) and the prediction model of comfort and health evaluation based on back propagation neural network (BPNN) were established. The results show that: (1) The wearable multi-sensor system had high accuracy and stability of data collection, and the power consumption and communication performance can meet the monitoring requirements. (2) The observation values of internal environmental parameters increased gradually with the accumulation of transport time, and finally reached the state of dynamic balance. The heart rate fluctuated greatly and was higher than the normal range. The blood oxygen saturation showed a gradual decrease trend, but the overall was in the normal range. The body temperature gradually increased, and was affected by discomfort. (3) The correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between environmental and physiological parameters. (4) The area with larger value of environmental parameters was close to the middle and front of the carriage, which was mainly caused by the high density and poor air circulation. (5) The prediction model between environmental and physiological parameters based on GRNN and the prediction model of comfort and health evaluation based on BPNN had high prediction accuracy, and the combination of the two models can map the impact of environmental factors on the change of vital signs to the relationship between comfort and health. Therefore, in the case of unknown vital signs information, only obtaining environmental information can also predict the health levels, which can provide decision-making basis for relevant practitioners.

Principle of using borehole electrode current method to monitor the overburden stratum failure after coal seam mining and its application

The overburden stratum of the working face mined using caving method will be damaged after mining. Mastering the development heights of the caving zone and the water-conducting fracture zone is of great significance for the safe mining. Theoretical analysis showed that the electrode current is inversely proportional to the stratum resistivity. Changes of the electrode current can reflect the changes of the stratum resistivity. In this study, we elaborated the principle of electrode current method and proposed the method and construction procedure of using the borehole electrode current method to monitor the overburden stratum damage. Before mining the coal seam of a certain working face, two boreholes with different elevation angles were drilled to the roof of the coal seam working face in the adjacent roadway, and the on-site experiment of overburden stratum deformation and failure caused by coal mining was carried out. Analysis of the measured data showed that the electrode current is very sensitive to the influence of the caving zone with amplitude dropping by more than 90%. The electrode current of the fracture zone changes more dramatically than the apparent resistivity. With the gradual advancement of the working face, the currents of the borehole electrodes in the caving zone and the fracture zone generally show a trend of gradual decrease with good stability. The on-site application of the method shows that the current or current ratio of the borehole electrodes can directly reflect the resistivity of stratum near each electrode, and the height of the caving zone and the water-conducting fracture zone can be determined. Overall, using the borehole electrode current method to monitor overburden stratum damage is effective, and the data changes are stable and easy to explain. The method does not require complex data inversion and has low requirement for data quality. Thus, it is suitable for working face with complex overburden stratum.

Effects of planting period on growth, yield and medicinal quality of Chrysanthemum morifolium

In this paper, Chrysanthemum morifolium was used as the experimental object, eight different planting periods were set up in field plot experiment from April to August, which were 04-15, 05-19, 05-30, 06-09, 06-19, 07-20, 07-31, 08-15. The effects of different treatments on the occurrence of root rot, agronnmic traits, mineral element absorption and content of effective components of Ch. morifolium in Macheng country of Hubei province were studied. The results showed that delaying the planting time could effectively reduce the diseases occurrence of root rot of Ch. morifolium. With the advance of transplanting period, the plant height, the weight of one hundred flowers and the number of flowers of Ch. morifolium showed a trend of gradual decrease, while the number of primary branches and the thickness of main stem and the primary branch increased first and then decreased. The yield of Ch. morifolium per plant and per mu increased with the advance of the planting period, and the yield per mu increased during the planting period on June 19, which was 91.96% higher than that on April 15. And with the delay of the planting period,the absorption and accumulation of potassium(K) elements was promotes. The content of active ingredients such as chlorogenic acid, rutin, luteolin, and 3,5-O dicoffeoacy lquinic acid in the Ch. morifolium increased significantly and then gradually decreased with the delay of the planting period, which indicates that late planting can significantly improve the quality of Ch. morifolium. Considering factors such as the occurrence of root rot disease, yield and active ingredient content, combined with climatic conditions in the Dabie Mountains in eastern Hubei, the optimum planting period of Ch. morifolium was determined from mid-late June to early July.

Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Variations of Vegetation Index in Liaodong Bay in the last 30 years based on the GEE Platform

In order to determine the space-time characteristics of vegetation growing, aiming at the problems of poor efficiency in remote sensing information extraction of traditional methods, based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, NDVI data was extracted using Landsat image in the growing season from 1990 to 2019, and the space-time characteristics of vegetation were discussed with unitary linearity regression. The results showed that, 1) Taking 2010 as the turning point, NDVI of surface vegetation in Liaodong Bay showed a trend of first increase, then decrease and then increase during the past 30 years. The total area of vegetation cover have less change, while the proportion of medium-high coverage (0.6<NDVI<0.8) and high coverage (0.8<NDVI<1) increased significantly, 2) The spatial distribution of NDVI in Liaodong Bay have obvious differences, which shows a trend of gradual decrease from the Liaohe estuary delta to both sides. Affected by the development of coastal resources, NDVI increased firstly and then decreased from land to sea. In conclusion, the space-time change of NDVI in Liaodong Bay is affected by human development activities and ecological restoration. As an important quantitative factor, NDVI can provide basic data for the evaluation of environmental carrying capacity and ecological restoration.

An Evaluation and Region Division Method for Ecosystem Service Supply and Demand Based on Land Use and POI Data

Mastering the regional spatial differences of ecosystem service supply and ecosystem service demand is of great significance to scientifically planning the development and utilization of national land and maintaining healthy development of ecosystems. Based on the relationship analysis of ecosystem service supply and ecosystem service demand, this study explored the regional ecosystem service supply by ecosystem service value based on grid data and constructed an ecosystem service demand evaluation model that integrated the construction land ecosystem service demand equivalent for static aspects and the point of interest (POI) kernel density estimation for dynamic aspects on the basis of land use and POI data. In the end, it put forward a region division method for ecosystem service supply and ecosystem service demand and conducted an empirical analysis of Haidian District, Beijing. The following results were concluded: (1) the ecosystem service value of different grids in Haidian District was between RMB (Chinese monetary unit, Yuan) 0 and RMB 2.4787 million. In terms of spatial distribution, the ecosystem service supply took on an obvious trend of gradual decrease from the northwest to the southeast, with major ecosystem service supply coming from the northwest. (2) The construction land ecosystem service demand equivalent of Haidian District was characterized by a multicenter cluster: the high equivalent area was in the southeast, while the equivalent of the northwest was relatively low. POI kernel density estimation demonstrated cluster distribution, with a high kernel density estimation in the southeast, a lower kernel density estimation in the central part, and the lowest kernel density estimation in the northwest. The ecosystem service demand index also showed cluster distribution: high index in the southeast, low index in the northwest, and prominent sudden changes from the central part to the south. (3) The bivariate local spatial autocorrelation cluster diagram method was used to divide five types of ecosystem service supply and ecosystem service demand, namely non-significant correlation region, high ecosystem service supply and high ecosystem service demand region, high ecosystem service supply and low ecosystem service demand region, low ecosystem service supply and high ecosystem service demand region, low ecosystem service supply and low ecosystem service demand region. Grids with the highest ratio belonged to the non-significant correlation region; the distribution of low ecosystem service supply and high ecosystem service demand region had the greatest concentration, mainly in the southeast; the grids of high ecosystem service supply and low ecosystem service demand region were mainly present in the northwest and in a continuous way; the grids of low ecosystem service supply and low ecosystem service demand region, and high ecosystem service supply and high ecosystem service demand region were extremely few, with sporadic distribution in the central part. The research results could provide a basis for the adjustment and fine management of regional land use structure.

Numerical study on the damage behavior of concrete target influenced by penetration velocity and target properties

The influence of initial penetration velocity and target properties on the damage behavior of concrete target by kinetic energy (KE) projectiles are studied numerically. Numerical models of penetration at different velocities were established, the failure of concrete and the law of the impact at different initial velocities ranging from 950 m/s to 1500 m/s on the damage behavior of concrete target is obtained. Damage process of concrete target slabs with different strengths and thicknesses under various impact load was carried out and the relationships between the damage behavior and the target strength ranging from 35 MPa to 95 MPa and the thickness ranging from 1 m to 2 m were obtained. Combination with the experiment results demonstrates that, the descent rate of the initial velocities increase as the initial velocities were improved. The higher the strength of the target, the less the residual velocity decrease caused by increasing the strength of the target. Under the condition of the same thickness increase amplitude, higher totally thickness of the targets results in greater penetration resistance. Furthermore, the overload peak value and the oscillation period of the impact load are positively related to the initial velocity and target thickness. With the increase of penetration depth, the impact load presents a first dramatic increase, then gradual decrease trend with obvious oscillations.

ANALYSIS OF AQI CHANGE CHARACTERISTICS AND CORRELATION WITH PM2.5 AND PM10 IN BEIJING-TIANJIN-HEBEI REGION

Abstract. The paper analyzed the variation characteristics of AQI and its correlation with PM2.5 and PM10 of in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from July 2015 to July 2018 based on hours of pollutants in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, using AQI calculation method and statistical correlation evaluation method. Results showed that:(1) The air quality compliance rate in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region was 67%, the average AQI was 97.6577, and the air quality was good. The distribution frequency of primary pollutants was PM2.5, followed by PM10, which accounts for 78.9% of the distribution frequency of the six major pollutants, indicated that PM2.5 and PM10 had a greater impact on the air quality of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei. (2) The correlation between AQI and PM2.5 and PM10 was significantly positively correlated. R2 was 0.8225 and 0.7749, respectively, P &lt; 0.01, indicated that both showed a greater impact on air quality. (3) AQI and PM2.5 and PM10 showed a gradual decrease trend at 9h–16h, ie 9h highest and 16h lowest. The AQI fluctuated between 94.2816 and 103.3562, indicated that the air quality at 9h–16h was good or slightly polluted. (4) The spatial distribution of AQI, PM2.5 and PM10 was characterized by low northwest and high southeast, and the southeastern part was gradually decreasing from 9h–16h. AQI was negatively correlated with elevation. The higher the elevation, the better the air quality, and the worse the air quality.

Dielectric properties of zeolite based metal oxide nanocomposites

Metal oxide/ZSM-5 composites are developed and dielectric properties are studied. The dielectric properties of composites depend on type and concentration of metal oxide nanoparticles. All composites show higher dielectric permittivities than pure ZSM-5 zeolite. The composites show a trend of gradual decrease in dielectric constant with increase in metal oxide content. The highest dielectric constant values are observed for 25% ZnO, TiO2 and CuO metal oxide fillers. The dissipation factors are also found to exhibit low values. The ac conductivity remains constant in low frequency region and increases linearly at high frequencies. CuO blended composites depict extremely high dielectric values.

Efficiency of thrift agents of small urban borrowers: the case of scheduled urban cooperative banks (SUCBs) in India

Since their inception, cooperative banks in India have played a pivotal role in meeting the credit requirements of the unbanked and under-banked segments of the economy. This paper examines the effect of these reform measures introduced by Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in 2004-2005 on the efficiency of 50 scheduled urban cooperative banks (SUCBs). Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is employed to study the efficiency for the period 2003-2004 to 2013-2014. A trend of gradual decrease in efficiency in SUCBs is being observed over the years. The present study also examines the correlation between size and efficiency and finds that there is no significant correlation between the two. Moreover, the correlation is negative. The authors are of the opinion that the central bank should chart out a road map for efficient SUCBs Vasavi Co-operative Urban Bank Ltd. and Zoroastrian Co-op Bank Ltd.

Efficiency of thrift agents of small urban borrowers: the case of scheduled urban cooperative banks (SUCBs) in India

Since their inception, cooperative banks in India have played a pivotal role in meeting the credit requirements of the unbanked and under-banked segments of the economy. This paper examines the effect of these reform measures introduced by Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in 2004-2005 on the efficiency of 50 scheduled urban cooperative banks (SUCBs). Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is employed to study the efficiency for the period 2003-2004 to 2013-2014. A trend of gradual decrease in efficiency in SUCBs is being observed over the years. The present study also examines the correlation between size and efficiency and finds that there is no significant correlation between the two. Moreover, the correlation is negative. The authors are of the opinion that the central bank should chart out a road map for efficient SUCBs Vasavi Co-operative Urban Bank Ltd. and Zoroastrian Co-op Bank Ltd.

Shen-ling-bai-zhu-san, a spleen-tonifying Chinese herbal formula, alleviates lactose-induced chronic diarrhea in rats

Ethnopharmacological relevanceShen-ling-bai-zhu-san (SLBZS) was firstly documented in ancient Chinese medical works “Tai Ping Hui Min He Ji Ju Fang” in Song-dynasty. It has been widely used for treating gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea with poor appetite for about 900 years. The present study is to observe the effects of SLBZS on high lactose diet-induced chronic diarrhea. Materials and MethodsRats were subjected to a high lactose diet to induce chronic diarrhea, which were then administrated with SLBZS or smecta. General symptom, body weight, food consumption, water intake and fecal fluid content were recorded every day. The intestinal absorption function was determined by d-xylose uptake assay. The ultrastructures of intestine segments including jejunum, ileum, proximal and distal colon were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, sodium transport proteins including γ-epithelial sodium channel (ENAC-γ) and sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 (ATP1A1) in distal colon were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. ResultsDiarrheal rats produced watery or loose, sticky feces, and presented inactiveness and grouping. A high lactose diet caused a significant decline in body weight, serum d-xylose level as well as food consumption rather than water intake. In contrast, general symptoms were improved to a certain extent and body weight loss was alleviated in the rats treated by SLBZS for one week. Fecal fluid content in diarrheal rats treated by SLBZS presented a gradual decrease trend with about 55% in the end, which was significantly less than the model group with about 81%. Meanwhile, SLBZS significantly improved the serum d-xylose level and reversed abnormal changes of tight junctions and microvilli in intestine. Additionally, SLBZS significantly modulated the abnormal expressions of ENAC-γ and ATP1A1 in distal colon of diarrheal rats. ConclusionsThese findings suggested that SLBZS exhibited ameliorating effects against lactose-induced diarrhea, which might be attributed to its modulations on intestinal absorption function as well as mucosal ultrastructure.

Elucidating the interactions and phytotoxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles with agriculturally beneficial bacteria and selected crop plants.

There is a growing interest in the use of bioinoculants to assist mineral fertilizers in improving crop production and yield. Azotobacter and Pseudomonas are two agriculturally relevant strains of bacteria which have been established as efficient bioinoculants. An experiment involving addition of graded concentrations of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles was undertaken using log phase cultures of Azotobacter and Pseudomonas. Growth kinetics revealed a clear trend of gradual decrease with Pseudomonas; however, Azotobacter exhibited a twofold enhancement in growth with increase in the concentration of ZnO concentration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), supported by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses, illustrated the significant effect of ZnO nanoparticles on Azotobacter by the enhancement in the abundance of globular biofilm-like structures and the intracellular presence of ZnO, with the increase in its concentration. It can be surmised that extracellular mucilage production in Azotobacter may be providing a barrier to the nanoparticles. Further experiments with Azotobacter by inoculation of wheat and tomato seeds with ZnO nanoparticles alone or bacteria grown on ZnO-infused growth medium revealed interesting results. Vigour index of wheat seeds reduced by 40-50% in the presence of different concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles alone, which was alleviated by 15-20%, when ZnO and Azotobacter were present together. However, a drastic 50-60% decrease in vigour indices of tomato seeds was recorded, irrespective of Azotobacter inoculation.

Theoretical insight into the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer mechanisms of three amino-type hydrogen-bonding molecules

Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) dynamics of the amino-type hydrogen-bonding compound 2-(2′-aminophenyl)benzothiazole (PBT-NH2) as well as its two derivatives 2-(5′-cyano-2′-aminophenyl)benzothiazole (CN-PBT-NH2) and 2-(5′-cyano-2′-tosylaminophenyl)benzothiazole (CN-PBT-NHTs) were studied by the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) approach with the B3LYP density functional, and their absorption and emission spectra were also explored at the same level of theory. A good agreement is observed between the theoretical simulations and experimental spectra, indicating that the present calculations are reasonably reliable. In addition, it is also found that the energy barriers of the first excited singlet state of the three targeted molecules along the ESIPT reaction are computed to be 0.38, 0.34 and 0.12eV, respectively, showing the trend of gradual decrease, which implies that the introduction of the electron-withdrawing cyano or tosyl group can facilitate the occurrence of the ESIPT reaction of these amino-type H-bonding systems. Following the ESIPT, both CN-PBT-NH2 and CN-PBT-NHTs dye molecules can undergo the cis-trans isomerization reactions in the ground-state and excited-state potential energy curves along the C2-C3 bond between benzothiazole and phenyl moieties, where the energy barriers of the trans-tautomer→cis-tautomer isomerizations in the ground states are calculated to be 0.83 and 0.34eV, respectively. According to our calculations, it is plausible that there may exist the long-lived trans-tautomer species in the ground states of CN-PBT-NH2 and CN-PBT-NHTs.

The distribution of nitrogen speciation and sources of nitrate in the north of Taihu Lake

Meiliang Bay and Gonghu Bay, in the north of Taihu Lake, are important water sources for the city of Wuxi, and increased eutrophication now threatens the safety of drinking water. The distribution of nitrogen (N) speciation and source of N in the surface waters in the north of Taihu Lake is studied, which was an important first step in controlling N pollution. The result shows that the average concentration of ammonia (NH4 +) and nitrate (NO3 −) of surface water in Meiliang Bay was 0.32 and 0.35 mg/L, while 0.21 and 0.74 mg/L of Gonghu Bay, in which both bays had serious nitrate pollution. The concentrations of NH4 + and NO3 − in the surface water of the two bays had a trend of gradual decrease from north to south. The maximum concentrations of NH4 + and NO3 − of two bays were observed near the inflowing rivers, and the maximum concentrations of NH4 + in surface water of two bays were 0.49 and 0.61, and 0.77 and 1.38 mg/L of NO3 −. The concentration of NH4 + in the interstitial water of the two bays had a trend of gradual decrease from west to east, but NO3 − had the opposite tendency. The maximum concentrations of NH4 + in the interstitial water of the two bays were 5.88 and 4.64, and 3.58 and 7.18 mg/L of NO3 −. The exchangeable NH4 + content in the sediment of Meiliang Bay had a trend of gradual decrease from north to south, but Gonghu Bay showed the reverse. The exchangeable NO3 − content in the sediment of Meiliang Bay had a trend of gradual decrease from east to west, but a decreasing trend from north to south was observed in Gonghu Bay. The maximum concentrations of exchangeable NH4 + were determined, and the values were 96.25 and 74.90 mg/kg, as well as NO3 − with the values of 12.06 and 7.08 mg/kg. Chemical fertilizer and domestic sewage were the major sources of nitrate in surface water of Gonghu Bay, contributing 39.16 and 47.79%, respectively. Domestic sewage was the major source of nitrate in Meiliang Bay, contributing 84.79%. The denitrification process in Gonghu Bay was more apparent than in Meiliang Bay. Mixing and dilution processes had important effects on changing the concentration of nitrate transportation in the two bays.

Simulation study on pollution accumulation characteristics of XP13-160 porcelain suspension disc insulators

The mechanical mechanism of pollution accumulation on XP13-160 porcelain suspension disc insulators was analyzed, and a discriminant for the deposition on the insulator surface was proposed. A simulation of the pollution accumulation characteristics of the insulator in the wind tunnel at North China Electric Power University was conducted through COMSOL Package, and the simulation results were compared with the results from wind tunnel test. The verification results show the rationality of the proposed deposition discriminant and the simulation method. According to these results, a simulation study was conducted on the natural pollution accumulation characteristics of the insulator to analyze the effects of individual and composite factors such as wind speed, particle size, and voltage type. The results show that under natural gentle wind, the overall surface deposit amount increases as the wind speed increases and approximately linearly increases with the particle size. The particle size displays a greater effect on pollution accumulation than the wind speed. Under the AC voltage and the unelectrified state, the overall surface deposit amount does not essentially change at low wind speed and slowly increases at high wind speed with increasing particle size. The proportion of NSDDDC to NSDDAC shows a trend of gradual decrease with increasing wind speed, and the trends are similar under different sizes.

Morphological variability of Himantoglossum s.s. (Orchidaceae) in Greece

The variability of Himantoglossum s.s. populations in Greece has long been recognised, resulting in disagreements in their identification. For the purposes of the present study, several populations of H. jankae occurring throughout Greece were morphologically analysed and compared to populations of ambiguous taxonomic status from the Peloponnese and the island of Lesvos. The multivariate patterns of flower size variation of 24 Himantoglossum s.s. populations was investigated with a canonical variates analysis, and their morphometric relationships were further illustrated with a hierarchical cluster analysis. The results indicate that: a) H. jankae should be regarded as a very variable species, b) the two populations from Lesvos and Peloponnese cannot be separated from those of H. jankae, and c) there is a trend of gradual decrease in the dimensions of specific floral organs in a north to south direction, probably suggesting the effects of climatic conditions on floral morphology. All findings demonstrate that the studied populations indeed fall within the variability of H. jankae and not H. caprinum, a species whose presence in Greece cannot be attested on the basis of morphology.

Scenarios of land cover in Karst area of Southwestern China

The method of surface modeling of land cover scenarios (SMLCS) has been improved to simulate the scenarios of land cover in the karst areas of southwestern China. On the basis of the observation monthly climatic data collected from 782 weather stations of China during the period from 1981 to 2010, the climatic scenarios data of RCP26, RCP45 and RCP85 scenarios released by CMIP5, and the land cover current data of China in 2010, the land cover scenarios of southwestern China were respectively simulated. The average total accuracy and Kappa index of SMLCS are 90.25 and 87.96 %, respectively. The results show that there would be a very apparent similar variety on the spatial distribution pattern of land cover in the karst areas of southwestern China under all the three scenarios during the period from 2010 to 2100, but there would have the different change rate. In general, the change rate of land cover type under RCP85 scenario would be the fastest, then under RCP45 scenario, and under RCP26 would be the slowest. From 2010 to 2100, deciduous coniferous forest, deciduous broadleaf forest, grassland, cropland, nival area, and desert and bare rock would have a gradual decrease trend, while evergreen coniferous forest, evergreen broadleaf forests, mixed forest, scrublands, wetlands, construction built-up land, and water bodies body would gradually increase in karst areas of southwestern China, in which wetland would have the fastest increase rate (5.28 % per decade on average), and desert and bare rock would decrease with the fastest rate (2.34 % per decade on average).

Study on the Spatial Stress of the Chongqing Yangtze River Bridge in China

Continuous rigid-frame bridges are usually used in building bridges with long span and high piers. It is characterized by the consolidation between piers and beams in the middle of bridge piers and flexible bridge piers in the lower part. Among all the factors, curvature has the most obvious influence on the stress of curved continuous rigid-frame bridge, because of which, the curved beam bridge produces coupling effect of bending moment and receives complicated stress, leading to the deformation such as torsion and displacement of radial direction. No matter it is the castscaffold construction or cantilever construction, for continuous rigid-frame bridges, considering that after the long term creep of concrete, structure stress tends to be in a drop-frame state, so it is necessary to know the mechanical properties of the finished bridge. Taking the Chongqing Yangtze River Bridge as an example, this paper mainly analyzes the internal forces and deformations of a finished curved continuotus rigid-frame bridge by establishing a spatial finite element model with Midas Civil 2006 software and by changing the model’s radius of curvature. The results show that as the curvature increases, the vertical deformation and torsion angle of the long-span curved continuous rigid-frame bridge are both reduced under the effect of a dead load and prestressed load, presenting mechanical properties of bridge, namely, “coupling effect of bending moment”. In the model analyzed, the deformation of the bridge in the transverse direction also behaves a trend of gradual decrease with an increase in radius of curvature with the range 500‐2000 m.

The Influence of Pore Structure on the Waterproof Performance of Polymer Modified Mortar

This paper tested the pore structure, capillary water absorption and impermeability of cement mortars modified with three polymers respectively, establishing the relationship between the pore structure and waterproof performance. The results show that with the polymer dosage growing, especially as the polymer/cement ratio (mp/mc) increases from 0% to 5%, the reduction in the capillary water absorption and the penetration depth of water into mortar is significant. In themp/mcrange of 0%~20% the open porosity presents a gradual decrease trend. The capillary water absorption and the penetration depth of water into mortar show linear growth and exponential growth respectively with the open porosity increasing.

Phosphorus storage dynamics and adsorption characteristics for sediment from a drinking water source reservoir and its relation with sediment compositions

Water and sediment samples were collected from a representative drinking water source reservoir to investigate the nutrient spatial distributions, phosphorus storage, adsorption features and its relation with sediment compositions. Monitored water TN, TP concentrations, sediment pH values exhibited a gradual decrease trend from the upstream to the downstream. Sediment AlT content (total aluminum oxides) was 2–4 times higher than FeT (total iron oxides) which mainly comprised with Fed (free iron oxides) and Feox (amorphous iron oxides). Phosphorus fractional analysis found that Ca–P was the major phosphorus component while Ex-P+Al-P+Fe-P contents accounted for no more than 20% to sediment TP. Phosphorus adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm equations better than other kinetic and isotherm models. Film-diffusion was the rate-limiting step and physic processes dominated phosphorus adsorption. Maximal phosphorus adsorption capacities could be significantly well simulated with sediment Feox, FeT and TP concentrations (r2=0.96).