Trees In Autumn Research Articles

Relative Transpiration of Coniferous and Broad-Leaved Trees in Autumn and Winter

1. Autumn transpiration losses from conifers are just as great as or even greater than those from broad-leaves. 2. The decrease in water losses from broad-leaved trees resulting from defoliation is gradual, and not greatly unlike the decrease shown in the transpiring power of conifers. 3. Winter transpiration losses from conifers are only 1/55-1/251 as great as those in autumn. 4. The increased losses of broad-leaved trees in spring occasioned by foliation are in proportion to the leaf areas exposed, and are closely controlled by weather conditions, but in the main are similar to increased losses of conifers. 5. Winter transpiration losses from conifers are scarcely greater than those from defoliated stems of broad-leaved trees.

Illustrations of Fungi—I

Pileus 5-8 cm., convex to nearly plane, smooth, glabrous, dry, slightly umbonate at times, latericeous to bay, the margin creamcolored to ochraceous; flesh of mild flavor, white or nearly so, becoming yellowish with age; gills adnate, somewhat rounded, sometimes slightly decurrent, thin, narrow, crowded, pale yellow, becoming greenish, and finally purplish-brown from the ripening spores, which are ellipsoid, smooth, purplish-brown, 7-8 X 4 4; stipe 6-Io cm. long, 5-7 mm. thick, subequal, firm, hollow, slightly fibrillose, stramineous above, ochraceous or reddish below, ornamented with an arachnoid ring when young, which becomes conspicuous by reason of the spores which collect upon it. This species occurs abundantly on stumps and roots of deciduous trees in autumn, appearing in conspicuous reddish clusters of considerable size. It is edible, but not very good in quality, being useful because of its very late appearance. Peck separated it in 1872 from H. sublateritium chiefly because it lacked the bitter taste ascribed to that species, of which it may be only a form.