Tree Diameter Research Articles

Distribution and Condition of Sonneratia caseolaris Mangroves in the Siak River Tidal Area, Pekanbaru City

This research was carried out in the tidal area of the Siak River, Pekanbaru, Riau Province. The purpose of this research is to determine the distribution and condition of Sonneratia caseolaris in the tidal areas of the Siak River in Pekanbaru as a basis for assessing future sea level rise. The method used in this research is a survey method and purposive sampling technique was used to determine the sampling points. The distribution of S. caseolaris was mapped by determining the current most upstream distribution point. S. caseolaris is presented in terms of tree diameter and condition. The distribution and condition of S. caseolaris were analyzed descriptively. The results show that the distribution of S. caseolaris in the upstream direction currently reaches the point 0°32′48.39″ N and 101°27′25.97″ E. The density of S. caseolaris ranged from 1.67 – 2.67 ind/100m2 for the sapling group and ranged from 3.67 – 18.67 ind/100m2 for the tree group. S. caseolaris is found along river flows towards the estuary with tree diameters ranging from 1.91 – 3.82 cm for sampling and 4.14.- 48.09 for tree. The average diameter of the tree becomes larger towards the river mouth.

Needles carbon pool structure in pine stands growing on abandoned farmland in subtaiga/forest-steppe zone of Сentral Siberia

Studying green biomass carbon pool makes it possible to assess carbon sequestration potential of both forests stands and individual trees. Such a study is highly relevant considering the fact that pine stands are replacing abandoned farmlands in Central Siberia. The criterion used to differentiate pine forests was the stand density. Modelling the stands structure (in terms of number of trees and needles carbon pool) considering trees diameter, showed that the Gaussian function is the most adequate. The stands diameter structure differs from the needles carbon pool structure. Trees average for a specific stand sequester the most carbon by their needles. Thus, forest managers should focus on saving medium-sized pine trees. In recent year, there has been a gradually increasing global temperature, which influence both the growth rate and the structure of forest stands. As a result, an equation was obtained that consider the change in the average diameter, standard deviation and maximum temperature extremes.

Individual tree inventory based on uncrewed aerial vehicle data: how to utilise stand-wise field measurements of diameter for calibration?

Uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAV) have great potential for use in forest inventories, but in practice they can be expensive for relatively small inventory areas as a large number of field measurements are needed for model construction. One proposed solution is to transfer previously constructed models to a new inventory area and to calibrate these with a small number of local field measurements. Our objective was to compare calibration of general models and the construction of new models to determine the best approach for UAV-based forest inventories. Our material included field measurements and UAV-based laser scanning data, from which individual trees were automatically identified. A general mixed-effects model for diameter at breast height (DBH) had been formulated earlier based on data from a geographically wider area. It was calibrated to the study area with field measurements from 2–10 randomly selected calibration trees. The calibrated diameters were used to calculate the diameter of a basal area median tree (DGM), tree volumes, and the volume of all trees at plot-level. Next, new DBH-models were formulated based on the 2–10 randomly selected trees and calibrated with plot-level random effects estimated during model construction. Finally, plot-specific height-diameter regression models were formulated by randomly selecting 10 trees from each plot. Calibration reduced the prediction errors of all variables. An increase in the number of calibration trees decreased error rates by 1–6% depending on the variable. Calibrated predictions from the general mixed-effects model were similar to the separately formulated mixed-effects models and plot-specific regression models.

Teak‐Soil Interaction: Teak (Tectona grandis) Plantations Impact and are Impacted by Soil Properties and Fertility in Southwestern Ghana

Teak (Tectona grandis) is one of the most widely established plantation species globally due to its potential for degraded forest restoration, timber supplementation, and easing pressure on natural forest resources. However, the extent to which plant‐soil interactions in teak plantations impact tree growth and productivity and soil nutrient dynamics is not well understood. This study assessed the impact of teak plantations on soil physicochemical properties as well as the influence of soil properties and fertility on teak growth. The study was conducted in teak plantations aged 5, 10, 15, 20, and over 20 years and an adjacent natural forest remnant. We established three 25 m × 25 m plots in each teak plantation and recorded the diameter at breast height (DBH), height, crown length, and depth of all trees. We collected 54 soil samples at 0–20 cm depth and analysed them for 29 soil parameters. The study revealed that teak plantations resulted in a decline in soil N (45%–81%) and available P (63%–98%) concentration, while soil pH improved by 0.41–0.64 units. However, soil organic carbon, K, Mg, Ca, and Na concentrations and their ratios were unaffected with teak plantations over time. Also, soil textural characteristics, acidity, and nutrient ratios were observed to influence tree‐related characteristics such as DBH and crown dimensions (crown, diameter, breadth, length, and volume). Three principal components (PC1, PC2, and PC3) explained 69% of the overall variability and were significantly related to tree crown parameters, height, and diameter at breast height. We concluded that site selection and tailored integrated soil fertility management for each plantation age are critical to sustainable teak production as teak plantations both affect and are affected by soil properties. The study recommends the adoption of management practices aimed at maintaining soil nutrient balance to ensure the long‐term growth and ecological sustainability of teak plantations.

Comparison of Various Tree Features for Blocking Solar Radiation in the Arid Urban Environment

In the arid urban environment, pedestrians are often exposed to high amounts of solar radiation during summer, which can limit their activities. Shades are essential for reducing the harmful effects of solar radiation, particularly ultraviolet (UV) rays, which can be dangerous to human health. This study thoroughly evaluated the effect of various tree features for their efficacy in blocking solar radiation, especially photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and ultraviolet A (UVA). Tree height, trunk height, canopy height and diameter, leaf area index (LAI), leaf size and type, planting techniques (individual and cluster), and agriculture services for eight common tree species used in the Landscape at King Abdulaziz University campus in Jeddah, KSA, were examined. Measurements were taken at noon when the solar zenith angle was perpendicular. The study found that the ability to block PAR and UVA varies based on several factors analyzed. Canopy height and diameter increased a tree's capability to block radiation, with pyramid-shaped trees and simple leaves being the most effective. Higher LAI, cluster planting, and removal of lower branches also increased a tree's radiation-blocking power. In conclusion, shade trees mitigate PAR and UVA and provide pedestrians with more opportunities to enjoy open landscapes in arid regions. KEYWORDS landscape planting, leave index, solar effect, trees benefits, ultraviolet radiation, arid environments

Planting density and mechanical site preparation effects on understory composition, functional diversity and planted black spruce growth in boreal forests

Mechanical site preparation (MSP) is used prior to planting to control competing vegetation and enhance soil conditions, particularly in areas prone to paludification. Tree planting density can be adapted to the management context and objectives, as it influences yield and wood quality. However, the combined effects of MSP and planting density on understory vegetation composition, functional traits, and diversity remain uncertain. We thus conducted a study in the Clay Belt region of northwestern Quebec, Canada. After careful logging, the study area was divided into nine sites, each receiving one of three treatments: plowing, disc trenching, or no preparation. Sites were further divided into two, with black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.) seedlings planted at either a low planting density of 1100 seedlings ha-1 or a high planting density of 2500 seedlings ha-1. After nine years, we assessed understory composition, diversity, key functional traits, sapling density and growth of planted trees. Careful logging alone led to a higher density of naturally established conifers compared to plowing or disc trenching. The interaction between planting density and MSP significantly influenced understory diversity and composition in plowed plots. Understory composition was affected by the soil C/N ratio, coniferous species, and deciduous species density. The growth of black spruce was notably enhanced with higher planting density in the plow treatment only. Neither planting density nor MSP alone affected tree height and diameter. Our results suggest that combining plowing with high-density planting can enhance stand growth and improve forest productivity. These findings guide future research on paludified forests.

Diallel crosses in Picea abies VI. Genetic variation in early reproduction in three young Norway spruce progeny trials

Abstract Female flowering and cone production took place in three Norway spruce progeny tests at ages 17 and 20 years, each planted with full-sib families from a half diallel. The number of cones on individual trees were scored in five classes. More than 50 % of the trees produced cones, and a considerable variation was found among families for the ability to produce cones (precocity) and for the number of clones scored in classes (fruitfulness). Both traits were strongly related to tree heights and diameters at the individual and at the family level. In general, tall trees produced the highest number of cones. However, some families produced many cones even if their average heights were low. In two of the half diallels, estimates of GCA variance components for the number of cones produced had twice the value of the SCA component, indicating additive genetic inheritance of cone production. Heritability estimates of cone scores were 0.10, 0.17 and 0.23, and the genetic correlations between cone production and tree heights were 0.40, 0.50 and 0.35 in the tree half-diallels, respectively.

Vapor pressure deficit drives the mortality of understorey woody plants during drought recovery in the Atlantic Forest

AbstractQuestionDrought‐induced tree mortality has been documented in forests worldwide but the mechanisms related to drought recovery are still poorly understood. To better predict forest trajectories under future climate scenarios, it is essential to disentangle physiological mechanisms underlying plant mortality caused by El Niño droughts. Here, we assessed how vegetation structure, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and functional traits interact to mediate tree mortality after a severe drought in a tropical forest.LocationMata das Flores State Park, an Atlantic Forest fragment in southeast Brazil.MethodsWe established 20 permanent plots with contrasting vegetation structure and topography. In each plot, we measured tree abundance and diameter at breast height (DBH) of every woody plant (1–10 cm diameter) at the end of the drought, and two years after the break of drought, to calculate mortality rates during drought recovery. Hydraulic (e.g., maximum stomatal conductance to water vapor, stomatal density, etc.) and economic traits (specific leaf area, wood density, etc.) were measured on the 10 most abundant species. We also measured local air temperature and air humidity using HOBO dataloggers in each plot to calculate the VPD.ResultsThe studied Atlantic Forest understorey did not recover from the 2014–2016 drought, in terms of tree mortality. Lower VPD, driven by big trees in the valley, protected understorey plants with acquisitive economic attributes and conservative hydraulic attributes against mortality. On the other hand, higher VPD, driven by smaller trees and higher stem density on the ridge and slope, increased the mortality of understorey plants with acquisitive attributes.ConclusionRidges represent the most important fraction of the Atlantic Forest and our results suggest this type of forest is at high climate risk due to global change. Altogether, our results highlight that valleys are microclimate refuges for understorey plants and might help mitigate drought impacts in tropical forest under forecasted climate changes.

Models for simulating the temporal development of black cottonwood (Populus balsamifera L. ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw) plantations in Iceland

Black cottonwood (Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa) was initially introduced to Iceland in 1944 from the Kenai Peninsula in Alaska and has been widely planted in shelterbelts and afforestation projects since the 1980s. There is currently much interest in increasing the planting of black cottonwood, especially in carbon sequestration projects, because of its rapid growth at an early age. Growth models simulate the growth of a forest over time and are important tools for forest managers, researchers, and policymakers. This study presents, for the first time, site index, individual-tree diameter increment and tree height models for even-aged black cottonwood stands in Iceland. The data were collected from Icelandic national forest inventory (NFI) plots and from three plots from a network of permanent sample plots (PSP). The NFI data were collected during 2005–2022, and the PSP data were collected between 2009 and 2022. The model of McDill and Amateis was selected for predicting site index and dominant height development, and the model of Schumacher was selected for predicting tree height. For diameter increment modelling, an optimization-based modelling approach was found to be more suitable than non-linear regression analysis. The models developed in this study can be used in forestry practice and in optimization studies for thinned black cottonwood stands. The models produced simulation results that corresponded to measured stand development.

Goupia glabra não recupera seu estoque de madeira após um ciclo de corte de 35 anos na Amazônia brasileira: evidências de monitoramento de longo prazo em múltiplas áreas

ABSTRACT Single-rule management is often adopted for various tropical forest timber species due to limited knowledge on species-specific growth and the relationship between logging intensity and recovery time. This study provides information to support sustainable management of Goupia glabra by simulating its wood stock recovery over a 35-year period following logging using data from six areas in the Brazilian Amazon. Monitoring periods after the first harvest cycle varyed from 16 to 29 years, and logging intensity from 0.000 to 0.696 m² ha-1. Tree density of G. glabra varied from 0 to 22 trees ha-1 and dominance from 0.00 to 7.39 m² ha-¹. Frequency of tree diameters was almost evenly distributed across diameter classes, slightly higher in the first (20-30 cm) class. These parameters generated estimations of recovery rate from 12 to 85%, showing that 35 years is insufficient for trees with DBH ≥ 20 cm in all study areas to grow and replace the stock of trees with DBH ≥ 50 cm harvested during the first cycle. Minimum recovery periods from 48 to 83 years were estimated to guarantee the recovery of the wood stock in the study areas. These findings reinforce the need to adapt management rules according to the population dynamics of each timber species and each logging area, and suggest the need for changes in the current legal requirements that define forest management in the Amazon.

Tree mycorrhizal associations determine how biodiversity, large trees, and environmental factors drive aboveground carbon stock in temperate forests

Biodiversity, large trees, and environmental conditions such as climate and soil have important effects on forest carbon stocks. However, recent studies in temperate forests suggest that the relative importance of these factors depends on tree mycorrhizal associations, whereby large-tree effects may be driven by ectomycorrhizal (EM) trees, diversity effects may be driven by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) trees, and environment effects may depend on differential climate and soil preferences of AM and EM trees. To test this hypothesis, we used forest-inventory data consisting of over 80,000 trees from 631 temperate-forest plots (30 m ​× ​30 ​m) across Northeast China to examine how biodiversity (species diversity and ecological uniqueness), large trees (top 1% of tree diameters), and environmental factors (climate and soil nutrients) differently regulate aboveground carbon stocks of AM trees, EM trees, and AM and EM trees combined (i.e. total aboveground carbon stock). We found that large trees had a positive effect on both AM and EM tree carbon stocks. However, biodiversity and environmental factors had opposite effects on AM vs. EM tree carbon stocks. Specifically, the two components of biodiversity had positive effects on AM tree carbon stocks, but negative effects on EM tree carbon stocks. Environmental heterogeneity (mean annual temperature and soil nutrients) also exhibited contrasting effects on AM and EM tree carbon stocks. Consequently, for the total carbon stock, the positive large-tree effect far surpasses the diversity and environment effect. This is mainly because when integrating AM and EM tree carbon stock into total carbon stock, the opposite diversity-effect (also environment-effect) on AM vs. EM tree carbon stock counteracts each other while the consistent positive large-tree effect on AM and EM tree carbon stock is amplified. In summary, this study emphasized a mycorrhizal viewpoint to better understand the determinants of overarching aboveground carbon profile across regional forests.

Diameter growth and age of jaboticaba trees (Plinia peruviana (Poir.) Govaerts) native from Southwest of Paraná, Brazil, based on growth-rings.

The jaboticaba tree (Plinia peruviana (Poir.) Govaerts) is a native Brazilian species, and its fruits are very popular in Brazil. The purpose of this study was to model the diameter growth, and determine the age of jaboticaba trees in four natural populations in Southwest of Paraná State, Brazil. The knowledge of the growth dynamics of this species is essential to assist management and conservation strategies and to discover when this species was established in the region. Core samples were collected to obtain complete growth series by measurement of annual growth rings. The series were crossdated, seven growth models were adjusted, and the best model for each site and a general model were selected using statistics rules. The time series spanned periods of ~75 to ~100 years, and growth ranged between 0.27 and 0.37 cm year-1. Chapman-Richards' model showed better adherence for locations individually, and Monomolecular when grouped. Because to the age reached by the jaboticaba trees and the high density of this species in these natural populations, consequently named "jaboticabais", it was inferred that there was an anthropogenic action in the dispersion and formation of the settlements through the indigenous and caboclos that inhabited the region before 1940. Also, this is the first work to register and verify the fusion of trunks for species of the Plinia genus using double piths found in samples, a feature that must be considered to avoid overestimating the age of jaboticaba trees based solely on measuring tree diameter.

Carbon stock of mangrove ecosystem and role blue economy in Pangandaran West Java

The mangrove ecosystem is a forest area that grows in coastal areas and is located at a distance of 200 meters from the shoreline. Mangroves are one of the blue-carbon ecosystems that can absorb CO2 through the process of photosynthesis and store carbon in the form of biomass in the soil. Mangroves are the second largest store of carbon stocks in waters after coral reefs. The availability of mangrove ecosystem carbon stock data is very important as a baseline in the greenhouse data inventory from blue carbon ecosystems. Blue carbon can be used as a reference for the welfare of coastal communities commonly called the blue economy, the blue economy focuses on generating economic growth from the fisheries and marine sector in Indonesia. Marine ecosystems are also impacted by climate change. Based on data from WWF's Living Blue Planet Report 2015, the number of marine populations decreased by 49% in the period 1970- 2012. The data is closely related to the sustainable economic growth of the marine fisheries sector, in this case, the mangrove ecosystem. Analysis of mangrove ecosystems using circle plots carried out measurements of tree diameter and length and identification of tree species according to predetermined subplots then analyzed the amount of carbon stock using the Allometric Equation Model. The result obtained is that 80% of mangrove habitat conditions are still very good so they can contribute to producing a total stored carbon stock (blue carbon) of 55.98 tons/ha this can be an ecosystem service for the surrounding community that can increase the blue economy in the Pangandaran area of West Java.

Study of Phytosociological Parameters and Carbon Stock between Two Community Forest of Different Ecological Regions of Udaypur District of Nepal

This study compared the regeneration status, vegetation diversity, stand structure, and carbon stock of two community-managed forests located in different ecological regions of Nepal. A total of 61 concentric sample plots were investigated by using systematic random sampling with 1 % sampling intensity. The phytosociological parameters of trees and regeneration density were calculated using standard techniques. The aboveground tree carbon was estimated using a non-destructive method. Correlation analysis was performed to assess the variation of carbon stock with biomass, stand density, tree diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, basal area, and seedling density. Janata community forest (CF) had higher regeneration than the Hazare CF, with a bell-shaped distribution of DBH in Janata CF and an interrupted curve in Hazare CF. Both forests were dominated by Shorea robusta. Hazare CF had higher Shannon diversity index, Simpson's index, and evenness index, while Janata CF had higher carbon stock. The observed differences in the studied parameters between the two community forests can be attributed to the difference in ecological factors such as temperature, rainfall, soil nutrient availability, and management practices. Future studies focusing on investigating the underlying factors driving the observed patterns and relationships, such as the effects of disturbance, climate, and management practices on forest structure and function are also needed. These findings have important implications for forest management and conservation policies, especially in the context of climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation.

Evaluation of Tree Diameter and Height Measurements in UAV Data by Integrating Remote Sensing and Machine Learning Methods

Evaluation of Tree Diameter and Height Measurements in UAV Data by Integrating Remote Sensing and Machine Learning Methods

Multifiltering Algorithm for Enhancing the Accuracy of Individual Tree Parameter Extraction at Eucalyptus Plantations Using LiDAR Data

Accurately quantifying individual tree parameters is a critical step for assessing carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems. However, it is challenging to gather comprehensive tree point cloud data when using either unmanned aerial vehicle light detection and ranging (UAV-LiDAR) or terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) alone. Moreover, there is still limited research on the effect of point cloud filtering algorithms on the extraction of individual tree parameters from multiplatform LiDAR data. Here, we employed a multifiltering algorithm to increase the accuracy of individual tree parameter (tree height and diameter at breast height (DBH)) extraction with the fusion of TLS and UAV-LiDAR (TLS-UAV-LiDAR) data. The results showed that compared to a single filtering algorithm (improved progressive triangulated irregular network densification, IPTD, or a cloth simulation filter, CSF), the multifiltering algorithm (IPTD + CSF) improves the accuracy of tree height extraction with TLS, UAV-LiDAR, and TLS-UAV-LiDAR data (with R2 improvements from 1% to 7%). IPTD + CSF also enhances the accuracy of DBH extraction with TLS and TLS-UAV-LiDAR. In comparison to single-platform LiDAR (TLS or UAV-LiDAR), TLS-UAV-LiDAR can compensate for the missing crown and stem information, enabling a more detailed depiction of the tree structure. The highest accuracy of individual tree parameter extraction was achieved using the multifiltering algorithm combined with TLS-UAV-LiDAR data. The multifiltering algorithm can facilitate the application of multiplatform LiDAR data and offers an accurate way to quantify individual tree parameters.

Reciprocal distance Laplacian spectral properties double stars and their complements

Several matrices are associated with graphs in order to study their properties. In such a study, researchers are interested in the spectra of the matrix under consideration, therefore, the properties are called spectral properties, with reference to the matrix. One of the interesting and hard problems in the spectral study of graphs is to order the graphs based on some spectral graph invariant, like the spectral radius, the second smallest eigenvalue, the energy, etc. Due to hardness of this problem it has been considered in the literature for small classes of graphs. Here we continue this study and add some more classes of graphs which can be ordered on the basis of spectral graph invariants. In this article, we study spectral properties of trees of diameter three, called double stars, and their complements through their reciprocal distance Laplacian eigenvalues. We give ordering of these graphs based on their reciprocal distance Laplacian spectral radius, on their second smallest reciprocal distance Laplacian eigenvalue, and on their reciprocal distance Laplacian energy.

The Growth Equation and Element Distribution of Torreya grandis in the Huangshan Region of China

In the subtropical mountainous area of Huangshan, China, 81 Torreya grandis were selected for research on growth and element distribution, with the aim of providing empirical and theoretical support for the promotion and management of T. grandis. Seven growth equations were constructed for tree height (H) and diameter at breast height (DBH) in age levels 40–2000. The most suitable Korf equation was selected by comparing the R-squared values. With R-squared values of 0.93 and 0.80, the equations H = 33.98 × Exp(−53.56/age0.84) and DBH = 158.48 × Exp(−21.41/age0.55) fit T. grandis growth best, respectively. The results show that T. grandis growth was relatively rapid before the age of 45 and then slowed. Among the carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) elements found in different T. grandis organs of the same age, the roots had the lowest C content, the leaves had the highest N content, and the branches had the lowest P content. The roots had the highest C:N and C:P, and the leaves had the highest N:P. The amount of N in the leaves and P in the branches both increased significantly with age, and the N:P ratio indicates that considering only one organ may not accurately indicate T. grandis nutrient limitations.

Research on Tree Distribution in the Mt. Hambeak Area of Taebaek City Using Hyperspectral Image-LiDAR in 2019-2020

This research was conducted to improve the vegetation survey method using hyperspectral imaging and LiDAR techniques. Using Ocean FX, spectral data of seven representative species of Mount Hambaek were acquired, and hyperspectral image data of Mount Hambaek were acquired using AisaFENIX 1K and microCASI-1920 sensors. For spectral data and hyperspectral image data, tree species data were extracted using the Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) technique, and data such as tree species location, height, and diameter at breast height were extracted through LiDAR data. the results of an investigation A total of 39,351 trees were surveyed in the Mount Hambuk area, with 25,930 trees (65.9%) in <i>Quercus mongolica</i>, followed by <i>Larix kaempferi</i> with 6,805 trees (17.3%), <i>Alnus sibirica</i> with 3,625 trees (9.2%), <i>Pinus dendiflora</i> 1,764 trees (4.5%), <i>Pinus koraiensis</i> 605 trees (1.5%), <i>Pinus rigida</i> 405 trees (1.0%), and <i>Betulaermanii</i> 217 trees (0.5%), As a result of selecting 28 representative colonies to be surveyed and conducting on-site verification, 27 out of 28 colonies were found to be 96.43% accurate.

Инвентаризация древесных насаждений урбанизированных территорий с использованием смартфона

In recent years, specialized software for smartphones has been developed to collect biometric indicators of trees, including the use of built-in LiDAR sensors. Mobile applications for the inventory of trees and forest stands are still at the initial stage of their development; therefore, it is necessary to compare the data obtained with their use with the measurement data obtained using traditional methods. For Russia, the technology for determining tree and stand indicators and mapping trees using a smartphone remains untested. Therefore, the aim of the study was to study the possibility of using a smartphone (Arboreal Forest application) to determine tree indicators and map trees using the example of old-growth alley plantings. The study was carried out in old-growth alley plantings of small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) on the territory of the former Zootechnical College, located in the Ekimtsevo village, Kologrivsky District, Kostroma Region. Data collection was conducted in July 2023 using 1) the traditional method and 2) the Arboreal Forest application. The accuracy of the results obtained corresponds to the requirements for inventory indicated in the forest inventory instructions. For the object of study, it was revealed that the deviation of the quadratic mean diameter calculated according to the Arboreal Forest data (47.3 cm) from the measurement data with a caliper (48.8 cm) was -3.1% (-1.5 cm), and basal areas -6.18 % or -3.28 m2. Also, compared to the traditional method, Arboreal Forest tends to underestimate trunk diameters (especially for large trees) and, as a result, basal areas. The structure of the tree distribution series by Arboreal Forest tree diameter distribution is generally close to the distribution series obtained by the traditional method. In the future, applications for smartphones can become an effective alternative to traditional methods of tree and stand inventory.