Commercial Treaties Research Articles

The Post-War Commercial Treaty Program of the United States

The Post-War Commercial Treaty Program of the United States

Tabacalera Nacional, S.A. v. Administration of Customs.

Treaties — Operation and Enforcement of — Relation to Municipal Law — Primacy of Treaty — Commercial Treaty — Invalidation of Taxes Imposed Subsequent to Signature of Treaty — The Law of Guatemala.

Fiscal Exemption (Greece) Case.

Treaties — Special Kinds of — Commercial Treaties — Most-Favoured-Nation Clause — Operation of — Requirement of Reciprocity in Relation to Treaty with Most-Favoured Nation.

Commercial Treaty (Germany) Case.

Treaties — Conclusion of — Constitutional Limitations — Political and Commercial Treaties — Treaties Requiring Parliamentary Approval — Treaties Valid without Parliamentary Approval — The Constitutional Law of Germany.

The Anglo-French Commercial Treaty of 1786

The Anglo-French Commercial Treaty of 1786

A Decade of New Commercial Treaties

A Decade of New Commercial Treaties

Provisions on Companies in United States Commercial Treaties

Prior to World War II, U. S. commercial treaties either were silent concerning the applicability of their provisions to corporations and other associations, or provided in only a limited way for such entities. From the start, treaties of this kind concluded by the United States have been concerned with the rights and privileges of persons. It was not until 1911, however, that these treaties began to reflect attention to companies as such—artificial, as distinguished from natural—persons. Only during the last ten years have they dealt with companies systematically and comprehensively to a degree comparable with the treatment provided for natural persons.

“Treaty-Investor” Clauses in Commercial Treaties of the United States

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The treaty of commerce between Great Britain and Russia 1766. A study on the development of count Panin's northern system

The treaty of commerce between Great Britain and Russia 1766. A study on the development of count Panin's northern system

Natural–Resources Provisions in United States Commercial Treaties

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International Law: Reservations to Commercial Treaties Dealing with Aliens' Rights to Engage in the Professions

International Law: Reservations to Commercial Treaties Dealing with Aliens' Rights to Engage in the Professions

Constitutionalism and the Treaty

AS the Society of Nations has no law-making or law-enforcing agency comparable to that of the modern state, the component members must rely entirely on the treaty to lay down rules of conduct, peacefully settle disputes, and otherwise govern their relations. Political and commercial treaties have been in use for centuries. Recently another use for the treaty has been found in providing a device for the establishment of international organizations. Treaties now embody the constitutions of multitudinous international organs in an attempt by the majority of the states of the international community to achieve peace by the direct and indirect means of world collaboration and the elimination of economic and

Frederick Ernest Weiss, 1865-1953

Frederick Ernest Weiss was born on 2 November 1865 in Huddersfield, to parents of outstanding character and principles. His father, Charles John Philip Weiss, had been born in Germany, and was learning business in Holland when, in 1848, he was recalled to serve in the German army. At that time troops were being used to repress democratic risings in Germany, and since young Weiss held liberal and progressive views he refused to return. In consequence he was unable afterwards to go back to his home, and after spending ten years in Holland he came to England and established himself as a merchant in Huddersfield. He married Elizabeth Caroline, daughter of Frederick Pesel, a banker in Paris. One of her ancestors was the Hugenot, Thomas Delacourt, who came to England and settled at Wareham, where he was greatly esteemed for his piety and courage. After his death in 1733 he was commemorated in a tablet in the Congregational Church at Wareham as an intrepid supporter of civil and religious liberty in the troubled times at the end of the 17th century. Under James II his home was denounced as a conventicle, his goods were seized and were twice exposed for sale without the appearance of a single purchaser. Furthermore, at the risk of his life he removed from the Town Hall in the dead of night the heads of three gentlemen who had been condemned for their religious views by Judge Jeffries and executed. He hid these heads under his own bed and afterwards interred them. He took an active part in the revolution of 1688, joining William III when he landed at Torbay. Frederick Weiss was the third of five children. His father had attained a prominent position in the North of England as a merchant; he was a strong supporter of the Free Trade movement, and was a member of a delegation of British manufacturers and merchants which accompanied Richard Cobden on a visit to France to negotiate a commercial treaty. But when Frederick was only three years old his father died, leaving his mother to bring up and educate her young family on a slender income.

Access–to–Courts Provisions in United States Commercial Treaties

A well-known English judge declared three decades ago that “an alien ami is never exlex . . . whatever rights he has he can enforce by law just as an ordinary subject can.” Nor was this a new thought at that time. More than a hundred years earlier a prominent American judge had affirmed that:

Commercial Treaties and Agreements : Principles and Practice

Journal Article Commercial Treaties and Agreements : Principles and Practice Get access Commercial Treaties and Agreements : Principles and Practice. By Harry C. Hawkins and others. New York, Rinehart, 1951. vii+254 pp. Tables. Index. 834′​′×534′​′$3.50. Wortley B. A. Wortley B. A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 28, Issue 2, April 1952, Pages 217–218, https://doi.org/10.2307/2604055 Published: 01 April 1952

Commercial Treaties and Agreements.

Commercial Treaties and Agreements.

Commercial Treaties and Agreements: Principles and Practice. By Harry C. Hawkins. New York: Rinehart & Co.,1951. pp. vii, 254. Index. $3.50.

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Property-Protection Provisions in United States Commercial Treaties

The matter of public international rules for the protection of private property rights has frequently received the attention of publicists, courts and treaty-makers. Some recent developments, bearing upon different aspects of the general subject, seem to attest its current and continuing importance. For example, the presentation to Congress of President Truman’s Point Four plan occasioned questions as to the guaranteeing of overseas investments of United States citizens. A few weeks later, at a meeting of the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations, a Belgian speaker and a representative of the International Chamber of Commerce emphasized the need for treating lenders according to certain standards of decency and fair play, and expressed the view that an economic climate encouraging to foreign investment was as far away as ever. On a somewhat broader plane, the appearance in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), but not in the more recently evolved International Covenant on Human Rights (1950), of provisions looking to the right of individuals to own property (“alone as well as in association with others”) and to be free from being arbitrarily deprived of it, raises questions as to whether the right of private property is not a basic “human” right.

The Language Problem in the Anglo-Japanese Negotiations of 1854

At the beginning of September 1854, almost six months after Commodore Perry had concluded his convention with Japan, Sir James Stirling, Commander-in-Chief of the British East Indies fleet, took his squadron into Nagasaki harbour to negotiate with the Japanese officials there. Unlike Perry, his primary object was not to obtain a treaty of commerce and friendship. War between Britain and Russia had broken out in March, and it was his duty to hunt down, if possible to destroy, Admiral Poutiatin's squadron then in Pacific waters. This task, he realized, would be made much easier if he could use Japanese ports for obtaining stores and refitting on the terms usually allowed a belligerent by a neutral state, and if this meant that Russia could use those ports on similar terms, he was confident that he could deny her access to them by his own greater strength at sea. In fact, whatever secret hopes he may have had as to the ultimate effect of his discussions on Anglo-Japanese relations, Stirling went to Nagasaki principally to settle a point of practical importance to his conduct of naval operations. He wished to know in what light the Japanese government would view the use'of its ports by the belligerents, and was ready to suggest, perhaps insist on, a policy favourable to Great Britain.Despite this limited objective, there followed an exchange of letters, some weeks of waiting, and a number of discussions with the Nagasaki Bugyoo (the Governor of Nagasaki), as a result of which Stirling obtained a convention similar in many respects to that of Perry, though somewhat more restricted in its provisions.

“Treaty-Merchant” Clauses in Commercial Treaties of the United States

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