Treatment Of Dentin Hypersensitivity Research Articles

How are bioactive ceramics shaping the future of dentin hypersensitivity management through glass ionomer cements and laser therapy?

Restorative dentistry comprises approaches to repair the tooth structure or manage conditions like dentin hypersensitivity, which all require biomaterials. Restorative clinical approaches are primarily based on bioactive materials, such as glass-ionomer cement (GIC) and resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC). Although these cements show in vivo bioactivity, it is possible to increase their bioactive behavior, fastening and increasing the establishment of chemical bonds between the tooth and the cement, decreasing the risk of failure. Here, we reported how bioactive ceramics have been used to treat dentin hypersensitivity, either by being directly applied to the dentin, modifying GIC and RMGIC, or combined with other therapeutic approaches like laser therapy. Overall, bioactive ceramics have improved the bonding of composites to mineralized tooth structures, which is desired in restorative dentistry, and in some cases, they are likely to replace restorative with regenerative approaches.

The Effects of a Novel Nanohydroxyapatite Gel and Er: YAG Laser Treatment on Dentin Hypersensitivity.

This study evaluates the effects of a novel nanohydroxyapatite gel and Er: YAG laser on the surface roughness, surface morphology, and elemental content after dentin hypersensitivity treatments. Dentin discs (2 × 3 × 3 mm3) were prepared from 75 human molars. Out of 75 human molars, 50 were used to evaluate surface roughness and randomly divided into five groups: Group ID (intact dentin), Group DD (demineralized dentin), Group BF (fluoride varnish/Bifluorid 10), Group Lsr (Er: YAG laser-50 mJ, 0.50 W, 10 Hz), and Group NHA (nanohydroxyapatite-containing gel). Dentin hypersensitivity was stimulated by 35% phosphoric acid for 1 min (except Group ID). The surface roughness (Ra, μm) was measured via contact profilometry (n = 10). Out of the 75 sound human molars, 25 were used to evaluate the surface morphology and elemental content using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (n = 5). The data were statistically analyzed using Welsch ANOVA, Games-Howell, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn tests (p < 0.05). Group Lsr showed significantly lower surface roughness than Group NHA and Group BF (p < 0.05). The SEM analysis indicated that most of the dentinal tubules were obliterated for Group NHA. Precipitant plugs with partially occluded dentinal tubules were observed for Group BF, while partially or completely occluded tubules with a melting appearance were detected for Group Lsr. The EDS analysis revealed that Group NHA and Group Lsr presented similar calcium and phosphorus amounts to Group ID. All dentin hypersensitivity treatment methods could provide promising results in terms of tubular occlusion efficiency. However, laser treatment resulted in smoother surfaces, which could help prevent dental plaque accumulation.

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF EFFICACY AND DURABILITY OF SELF-CURE AND LIGHT-CURE DESENSITIZING AGENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF DENTIN HYPERSENSITIVITY- AN IN-VIVO STUDY

Objectives:This in vivo study aimed to compare the efficacy and durability of three different varnishes/Desensitizing agents. Fluoride varnish, self-cure varnish, and light-cure varnish were used to treat dentin hypersensitivity by blocking dentinal tubules. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 patients were randomly assigned into three groups Group A: received desensitizing fluoride varnish (ProfluoridVarnish, Voco), Group B: received self-cure varnish (Systemp desensitizer, IvoclarVivadent) and Group C: received light-cure varnish (Admira Protect, Voco). Assessment of air and tactile sensitivity was done based on visual analogue scale scores at baseline, immediately after treatment, and one-monthpost-treatment. One-way ANOVA was used to assess the level of significance. Results:The results showed there was no statistically significant difference in the VAS scores for tactile and evaporative stimuli between the three groups immediately after treatment. Group C – Admira Protect showed lesser mean VAS scores for both the stimuli immediately and after 30 days of application which was statistically significant with post hoc correction. Conclusion:Allthree varnishes were effective in treating DH immediately after a single application. Profluorid Varnish showed lessefficacy when compared to resin varnishes at the end of one month. Clinical effectiveness was less at the end of one month for Systemp desensitizer, a self-cure varnish when compared to Admira Protect a light cure varnish.

A novel treatment based on powder jet deposition technique for dentin hypersensitivity: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dentin hypersensitivity (DH) treatment using a newly developed device based on a powder jet deposition (PJD) technique that creates a hydroxyapatite (HAP) layer on the dentin surface, thereby alleviating the hypersensitivity. The effect of the PJD treatment was compared with that of conventional treatment using Teethmate Desensitizer (TMD; calcium-phosphate containing material with TTCP (Ca4(PO4)2O) and DCPA (CaHPO4)), which has been used clinically in Japan with well-confirmed effectiveness.Materials and methodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted including 35 patients who had symptoms of DH in two or more quadrants. Two test teeth were selected per patient (70 teeth in total) and randomly assigned to PJD or TMD treatment. The efficacy was evaluated using the improvement rate for air and scratch pain according to the scores obtained via visual analog scale 12 weeks after treatment. The safety assessment was performed focusing on gingival index (GI) and spontaneous pain. The t-test was used to analyze the non-inferiority of PJD treatment compared to TMD treatment.ResultsThe improvement rate of air pain was 69.0% for PJD and 69.7% for TMD. The improvement rate of scratch pain was 80.8% for PJD and 81.7% for TMD. Non-inferiority with a margin of 10% was not observed for both air and scratch pain. No change was observed in GI from baseline and the improvement rate of spontaneous pain for PJD was higher than that for TMD.ConclusionNon-inferiority of PJD to TMD treatment was not observed in this study; however, it was not statistically demonstrated, and the results were thus interpreted as inconclusive. PJD did improve the DH symptoms, as did TMD. PJD’s therapeutic effect was most likely attributable to the deposition of a HAP layer on the tooth surface, which would alleviate hypersensitivity for at least 12 weeks without causing severe adverse events.Trial registrationUMIN-CTR. ID: UMIN000025022. date: 02/12/2016.

To Evaluate the Efficacy of Fluoride Varnish, Diode Laser and their Combination in the Treatment of Dentin Hypersensitivity: A Randomized Clinical Study

To Evaluate the Efficacy of Fluoride Varnish, Diode Laser and their Combination in the Treatment of Dentin Hypersensitivity: A Randomized Clinical Study

The Effect of Three Desensitizing Toothpastes on Dentinal Tubules Occlusion and on Dentin Hardness.

There are two main methods used for dentin hypersensitivity (DH) treatment: dentinal tubule occlusion and blockage of nerve activity. Dentifrices are the most common vehicles for active ingredients used for DH treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of three toothpastes on dentinal tubule occlusion, mineral acquisition, and dentin hardness. Forty human dentin disks were submerged in 40% citric acid for 30 s and then exposed to tooth brushing for 2 min twice a day for 14 days using three toothpastes: Dontodent Sensitive (group 1), Dr. Wolff's Biorepair (group 2), and Sensodyne Repair and Protect (group 3). In the control group (group 4), the samples were brushed with water. All of the samples were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Vickers dentin hardness determination. On SEM images, the degree of dentinal tubule occlusion was assessed using a five-grade scale. The mean score values in groups 1-4 were 3.60 ± 0.69, 2.20 ± 0.91, 2.30 ± 1.16, and 5.00 ± 0.00, significantly higher in study groups when compared to the control group (Kruskal Wallis test p < 0.05). EDX evaluation showed significantly higher calcium and phosphorus concentrations in groups 1 and 3 when compared to control group d. The mean values of Vickers dentin hardness numbers in groups 1-4 were 243.03 ± 10.014, 327.38 ± 56.65, 260.29 ± 37.69, and 225.83 ± 29.93, respectively. No statistically significant results were obtained when comparing the hardness mean values in groups (Kruskal-Wallis statistical test, p = 0.372 > 0.05). All three toothpastes tested demonstrated significant occlusion of dentinal tubules. Dontodent Sensitive and Sensodyne Repair and Protect toothpastes enhanced the calcium and phosphorus content of the dentin surface. None of the toothpastes increased dentin hardness as a result of mineral acquisition.

Dentists' education, knowledge, and professional behavior concerning the diagnosis and treatment of dentin hypersensitivity: An exploration.

Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) affects patients' oral health-related quality of life, but is not always optimally treated in dental offices. The objectives were to assess dentists' DH-related education, knowledge, and professional behavior and explore relationships between education, knowledge, and behavior. Survey data were collected from 220 ADA members in the United States. Descriptive and correlational analyses were performed. About half of the respondents agreed/strongly agreed that their dental school had educated them well about diagnosing DH in classroom-based (53.6%) and clinical settings (48.9%). Lower percentages agreed being well educated about treating DH (40.9%/37.3%). The majority self-educated themselves about DH after dental school by attending continuing education courses in person or online (60.6%/36.8%), reading articles (64.1%), or consulting with colleagues (59.6%). The majority knew that patients with DH describe their pain as stimulated (91.4%) and that recessed gingiva (89.6%), abrasion lesions (72.3%), tooth whitening (63.1%), erosion lesions (58.6%), and abfraction lesions (51.4%) are risk factors for DH. The majority diagnosed DH with patient self-reporting, confirmed by exams (81.8%), applying air blasts (53.7%), or cold-water (52.3%). They treated patients with DH often/very often with over-the-counter desensitizing agents (90%), and prescribing fluoride formulations toothpaste (82.8%) and/or potassium nitrate toothpastes (60.9%). In their offices, the majority (73.2%) educated their patients often/very often about DH and used fluoride dental varnish for treating DH (71.8%). The more recently respondents had graduated from dental school, the more positively they described their dental school education (r=0.14; p<0.05), the more ways to diagnose DH they used (r=0.16; p<0.05) and the more often they used fluoride dental varnish in their offices (r=0.23; p<0.001). The more dentists had educated themselves, the more methods for diagnosing DH they used (r=0.23; p<0.001) and the more often they used potassium oxalate products (r=0.19; p<0.01), Arginine/calcium products (r=0.19; p<0.01) and dentin bonding (r=0.22; p<0.001). More recently graduating from dental school correlates with more positive evaluations of DH-related dental school education. The finding that most dentists engage in self-education about DH after dental school should motivate dental educators to increase education about this topic not only in dental school, but also in continuing education courses.

Intratubular crystal formation in the exposed dentin from nano-sized calcium silicate for dentin hypersensitivity treatment

The aim of this study is to evaluate intratubular crystal formation from the experimental material consisting of dicalcium silicate (C2S) and tricalcium silicate (C3S) with nano-scaled particle size. A total of twenty-four specimens were made by isolating 8 mm of the cervical part centered at the cementoenamel junction of extracted premolars. Twelve specimens were not treated and considered as control. The experimental material was applied to the other twelve specimens by brushing for 10,000 strokes. Each group was randomly divided into four subgroups according to the period of immersion in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) for 1, 30, 60, and 90 days each. The specimens were sectioned longitudinally and examined with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy. The intratubular crystal were formed in PBS and densely filled the dentinal tubules over time. The crystal formation occurred at a depth of more than 50 μm from the dentin surface. The Ca/P ratio of formed intratubular crystals was 1.68 after 3 months. The experimental material consisting of C2S and C3S with a nanoscale particle size can form hydroxyapatite-like crystals in dentinal tubules in PBS, and there is a possibility of reducing dentin hypersensitivity by blocking the dentinal fluid flow.

Comparative evaluation of efficacy of gluma desensitiser vs diode laser in treating dentinal hypersensitivity: an in vivo study

Background: There are different types of adhesives and resins available today for the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity. Literature search showed fewer comparative studies using gluma desensitizing agent and diode laser (940nm) in the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity. Hence, the aim of present study is to compare the efficacy of gluma desensitizing agent and diode laser (940 nm) in the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity. Methods: Patients were selected using VAS scale and randomly divided into group 1 (gluma) and group 2 (diode laser). Gluma and laser treatment was done for the patients on the contralateral sides. The follow up was done at an interval of 1 month and 3 months. Results: Statistically significant difference was seen in intra group comparison for both gluma and laser treatment but no statistically significant difference was seen in the intergroup comparison of both the groups. Conclusions: Both gluma and diode laser treatment were found to be equally effective for the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity.

Effectiveness of Cyanoacrylate in the Treatment of Dentin Hypersensitivity: A Systematic Review.

To compare the effectiveness of cyanoacrylate to other treatments or placebo in the management of dentin hypersensitivity (DH). The present review was organized based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The search aimed to answer the following question: is cyanoacrylate effective in the treatment of DH when compared to other treatments or placebo? The following databases were used: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, BVS, Web of Science, Cochrane, Clinicaltrials.gov, Portal Periódicos Capes, Google Scholar, and manual search. The evaluation process started with the information collected from the selected articles according to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). Two randomized and five nonrandomized clinical trials were analyzed in the qualitative synthesis. The studies presented different cyanoacrylate formulations, different scales for evaluating pain, and different methods for provoking a painful stimulus. Cyanoacrylate-based products reduce DH in shorter follow-up periods and this reduction persisted throughout the study. The results varied according to the methods used to stimulate the pain. Only two articles showed a low risk of bias and a high level of scientific evidence. Although there is a limited number of studies in the scientific literature with appropriate methodological quality, the available evidence proves the effectiveness of cyanoacrylate in the treatment of DH. Clinical Relevance. Cyanoacrylate is easy to access, effective, easily applicable, and a low-cost product with satisfactory results.

Dentin hypersensitivity treatment with Nd:YAG laser: A systematic review

Objective: To compare the efficacy of Nd:YAG laser to other chemical agents in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity.&#x0D; Methods: Pubmed, EbscoHost, ProQuest, and Google Scholar were searched for articles published between 2012 to 2022 in English, reporting randomized clinical trials, completed and with results. This systematic review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines with PROSPERO CRD42022325046, and a critical appraisal of the literature was assessed by using JBI’s Checklist for Randomized Controlled Trials.&#x0D; Results: From 5536 articles found in the search based on keywords, 354 were filtered based on study design and desired period range, and six randomized clinical trials were eligible for the systematic review, reporting patients from 18 to 65 years old, with clinical diagnosis of dentin hypersensitive, that evaluate the efficacy of Nd:YAG laser, compared to pre-treatment using visual analog scale, yeaple probe scale, verbal rating scale and laser doppler flowmetry (LDF). These studies evaluated 159 patients and at least 402 hypersensitive teeth. Follow-up periods were considered from immediate to six months post-treatment. All active ingredients and laser treatment effectively reduce dentin hypersensitive and can maintain its efficacy over time. Only one study suggested treatment with Nd:YAG laser is not significant compared to Er,Cr:YSGG laser.&#x0D; Conclusion: Nd:YAG presents a significant immediate reduction of dentin hypersensitive and shows promising results in the long time effects. More standardized evaluation protocols should be implemented to increase the robustness of the results.&#x0D; Keywords: Dentin hypersensitivity, tooth sensitivity, dentin hypersensitivity treatment, laser, Nd:YAG, dentin desensitizing agent

Evaluation of Bioactive Glass Treatment for Dentin Hypersensitivity: A Systematic Review.

The aim of this systematic review is to compare home and office desensitizers containing bioactive glass with control groups in randomized controlled trials (RCT) conducted between 2018 and 2022. According to PRISMA guidelines, three electronic databases (Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane Library) were searched for published scientific articles in October 2022. RCT with adult participants with dentin hypersensitivity (DH) diagnosed by evaporative, mechanical, or thermal stimulation, with a follow-up period and quantified pain assessment were included in the study. Studies that reported DH due to tooth restoration, crown preparation, bleaching, or periodontal surgery or used bioactive glass-ceramics were excluded. The quality of the studies was assessed using version 2 of the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool for randomized studies (RoB 2 tool). Articles that were duplicative or unrelated to this study were excluded. Nine articles were selected for full-text evaluation, whereas two articles were rejected. The remaining seven reports were included in this review. The calcium sodium phosphosilicate group (CSPS) was not significantly different from the positive control groups. Compared with the control groups, fluoro calcium phosphosilicate (FCPS) may be the most effective long-term treatment option. In terms of DH symptom reduction, the FCPS group performed better than the CSPS group. CSPS at a concentration of 5-15% and FCPS at a concentration of 5% are effective in treating DH in adult participants.

Evaluation of dentinal tubule occlusion and pulp tissue response after using 980-nm diode laser for dentin hypersensitivity treatment.

To evaluate the effectiveness of the 980-nm diode laser for dentinal tubule occlusion, measure the intrapulpal temperature, and investigate the dental pulp response. The dentinal samples were randomly divided into G1-G7 groups: control; 980-nm laser irradiation (0.5 W, 10s; 0.5 W, 10s × 2; 0.8 W, 10s; 0.8 W, 10s × 2; 1.0 W, 10s; 1.0 W, 10s × 2). The dentin discs were applied for laser irradiation and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The intrapulpal temperature was measured on the 1.0-mm and 2.0-mm thickness samples, and then divided into G2-G7 groups according to laser irradiation. Moreover, forty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the laser-irradiated group (euthanized at 1, 7, and 14days after irradiation) and the control group (non-irradiated). qRT-PCR, histomorphology, and immunohistochemistry analysis were employed to evaluate the response of dental pulp. SEM indicated the occluding ratio of dentinal tubules in the G5 (0.8 W, 10s × 2) and G7 (1.0 W, 10s × 2) were significantly higher than the other groups (p < 0.05). The maximum intrapulpal temperature rises in the G5 were lower than the standard line (5.5 ℃). qRT-PCR showed that the mRNA expression level of TNF-α and HSP-70 upregulated significantly at 1day (p < 0.05). Histomorphology and immunohistochemistry analysis showed that, compared with the control group, the inflammatory reaction was slightly higher at the 1 and 7days (p < 0.05) and decreased to the normal levels at 14days (p > 0.05). A 980-nm laser at a power of 0.8 W with 10s × 2 defines the best treatment for dentin hypersensitivity in terms of compromise between the efficacy of the treatment and the safety of the pulp. The 980-nm laser is an effective option for treating dentin sensitivity. However, we need to ensure the safety of the pulp during laser irradiation.

One-Year Clinical Evaluation of Four Desensitizing Agents in the Management of Cervical Dentin Hypersensitivity: A Randomized, Prospective, Blinded Clinical Trial

Objective: The objective of this randomized, prospective, and blinded clinical study was to evaluate the efficacy of four desensitizing agents in the long-term treatment of cervical dentin hypersensitivity (HD) and their impact on the quality of life of the research volunteers.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: A total of 116 teeth were randomized and divided into 4 groups (n=29 teeth) according to the applied treatment: GD - Gluma Desensitizer; CV - Clinpro White Varnish; SB - Single Bond; AS - AdheSE. Sensitivity levels were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) immediately after the application of each material, and at 7, 30, 60, and 360 days post-treatment. The patients completed a quality of life questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Kruskall Wallis test with the Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner post-test were used for intergroup evaluation (p&lt;0.05).&#x0D; Results: In the intragroup comparison, there was a statistically significant decrease (p&lt;0.05) in sensitivity from the initial period for the GD, CV, and AS groups. There was an improvement in the patients' quality of life.&#x0D; Conclusion: This clinical study demonstrated the effectiveness of the desensitizing agents in the long-term treatment of cervical dentin hypersensitivity, with the exception of SB. Clinical relevance: HD is a clinical condition that directly affects patients' quality of life. This study revealed three effective desensitizing agents for a prolonged period.

Evaluation of Propolis Hydrogel for the Treatment of Dentinal Sensitivity: A Clinical Study.

Propolis is a natural resinous substance collected by honeybees, chiefly from buds and the leaves, branches, and bark of trees. Its role as a wound-healing gel has been studied, but the use of a propolis hydrogel in the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity has not been evaluated. Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is commonly treated via iontophoresis using fluoridated desensitizers. The aim of the present study was to compare and evaluate the effects of a 10% propolis hydrogel, 2% sodium fluoride (NaF), and 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) when used in conjunction with iontophoresis for the treatment of cervical dentin hypersensitivity (DH). Systemically healthy patients complaining of DH were selected for this single-centre, parallel, double-blind randomized clinical trial. Three substances were selected as desensitizers for study in the present trial: a 10% propolis hydrogel, 2% sodium fluoride, and 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride, all in conjunction with iontophoresis. Any decrease in DH following the application of specific stimuli was assessed at baseline, before and after application, on the 14th day following use, and on the 28th day following the intervention. Intra-group comparisons show diminished values of DH at maximum post-op follow-up intervals which were significantly trimmed down from the baseline (p < 0.05). The 2% NaF demonstrated a significant reduction in DH over 1.23% APF and the 10% propolis hydrogel (p < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean difference between the APF and propolis hydrogel groups assessed via tactile, cold, and air tests (p > 0.05). All three desensitizers have proved to be useful when used in conjugation with iontophoresis. Within the limitations of this study, a 10% propolis hydrogel can be used as a naturally occurring alternative to commercially available fluoridated desensitizers.

Safe and Durable Treatment of Dentin Hypersensitivity via Nourishing and Remineralizing Dentin Based on β-Chitooligosaccharide Graft Derivative.

Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a common symptom of various dental diseases that usually produces abnormal pain with external stimuli. Various desensitizers are developed to treat DH by occluding dentine tubules (DTs) or blocking intersynaptic connections of dental sensory nerve cells. However, the main limitations of currently available techniques are the chronic toxic effects of chemically active ingredients and their insufficiently durable efficacy. Herein, a novel DH therapy with remarkable biosafety and durable therapeutic value based on β-chitooligosaccharide graft derivative (CAD) is presented. Particularly, CAD indicates the most energetic results, restoring the amino polysaccharide protective membrane in DTs, significantly promoting calcium and phosphorus ion deposition and bone anabolism, and regulating the levels of immunoglobulin in saliva and cellular inflammatory factors in plasma. Exposed DTs are occluded by remineralized hydroxyapatite with a depth of over 70µm, as shown in in vitro tests. The bone mineral density of Sprague-Dawley rats' molar dentin increases by 10.96%, and the trabecular thickness of bone improves to about 0.03µm in 2 weeks in the CAD group compared to the blank group. Overall, the ingenious concept that modified marine biomaterial can be a safe and durable therapy for DH is demonstrated by nourishing and remineralizing dentin.

New Avenue for Treatment of Dentinal Hypersensitivity Assisted with Tekscan a Diagnostic Tool

ABSTRACT Background: Occlusion is dynamic and plays an important role in the functioning of the stomatognathic system. Disturbance in one of the components of the stomatognathic system may result in hypersensitivity of teeth, orofacial pain, migraine, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. Coronoplasty done using articulating paper is the conventional method for occlusal corrections. T-scan is a computerized occlusal analysis system that overcomes the limitations of articulating paper. Methods: Patients with Myofacial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS) having dentinal hypersensitivity were taken into consideration. The case series included three cases. A joint vibratory analysis (JVA) is performed using a JVA device to rule out any TMJ disorders. T-scan-assisted coronoplasty is performed. Patients are asked to score for dentinal hypersensitivity on the VAS scale pre and postoperative. Results: Occlusion and disocclusion time is reduced along with hyperactivity of the muscles after T-scan-assisted coronoplasty. There is a reduction in dentinal hypersensitivity postoperative. Conclusion: T-scan quantifies the forces and hence proved a boon in the field of dentistry. The present case series highlights coronoplasty assisted with a T-scan for diagnosis and treatment planning of hypersensitivity of teeth; hence it is the future of dentistry. Practical Implications: T-scan is a device that is assisted with electromyography. It projects the forces of mastication at every contact point of maxillary and mandibular teeth and reveals muscular hyperactivity. It can be used in MPDS patients with dental hypersensitivity due to occlusal discrepancy as it can guide elective coronoplasty relieving pain and dentinal hypersensitivity.

Evaluation of Two Pain Assessment Methods (Tactile and Air blast) for Comparison the Effectiveness of Nd:YAG Laser Therapy and Non-Laser Therapy on Dentin Hyper Sensitivity Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a common irritating condition. A precise sensitive test for its assessment can greatly aid in appropriate treatment planning. This meta-analysis aims to compare the air blast and tactile tests for assessment of the efficacy Nd:YAG laser therapy versus non-laser treatments for DH in short-term and long-term follow-ups. For this review, an electronic search of the literature was carried out in three databases by two researchers for English articles published until March 10, 2021. Pooling of the data extracted from the selected articles was performed according to the PRISMA statement by the random-effect model. The mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of pain score before the treatment onset and during the follow-up period according to the visual analog scale (VAS) were calculated. The level of heterogeneity was assessed by the I2 test, and a funnel plot was drawn to assess the publication bias of the reviewed studies. Of 152 articles primarily retrieved, 9 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) using the air blast test and 4 RCTs using the tactile test were subjected to quantitative synthesis. In the short-term follow-up and immediately after treatment, the air blast test showed superiority of laser therapy compared with non-laser treatments (SMD: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.05-1.04, p= 0.03). However, this difference was not significant according to the tactile test (SMD: 0.48. 95% CI: 0.01-0.96, p= 0.06). In the long-term follow-up, the difference between laser therapy and non-laser modalities was not significant according to both air blast (SMD= -0.38, 95% CI: -1.43-0.67, p= 0.48) and tactile (SMD=0.0, 95% CI: -0.38-0.38, p= 0.99) tests. Comparison of laser therapy and non-laser modalities in the short-term reveal-ed higher sensitivity of the air blast test due to its mechanism of action compared with the tactile test. Further studies are required to interpret the results in the long-term follow-up.

Photobiomodulation and glass ionomer sealant as complementary treatment for hypersensitivity in molar incisor hypomineralisation in children: protocol for a blinded randomised clinical trial

IntroductionPhotobiomodulation has been widely used as a complementary treatment for dentin hypersensitivity, with reports of clinical success. However, the literature offers only one study, in which photobiomodulation was used for...

Amorphous Calcium Magnesium Fluoride Phosphate—Novel Material for Mineralization in Preventive Dentistry

This paper describes novel and innovative amorphous calcium magnesium fluoride phosphate (ACMFP) core-shell microparticles that may be applied in preventive dentistry for the prevention of caries and the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. The particles can be synthesized with varied fluoride content, up to approximately 6 wt%, without any observable differences in morphology or crystallinity. Fluoride release from the particles is correlated to the fluoride content, and the particles are readily converted to fluoride-substituted hydroxyapatite or fluorapatite in a simulated saliva solution. The remineralization and dentin tubule occlusion potential of the particles was evaluated in vitro on acid-etched dentin specimens, and treatment with the ACMFP particles resulted in complete tubule occlusion and the formation of a dense mineralization layer. The acid resistance of the mineralization layer was improved compared to treatment with analogous particles without fluoride inclusion. A cross-sectional evaluation of dentin specimens after treatment revealed the formation of high aspect ratio fluorapatite crystals and poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite, respectively. The particles of the current study provide a single source vehicle of readily available calcium, phosphate, and fluoride ions for the potential remineralization of carious lesions as well as exposed dentin tubules for the reduction of hypersensitivity.