Treatment Of Cancer Research Articles

Fenbendazole and Diisopropylamine Dichloroacetate Exert Synergistic Anti-cancer Effects by Inducing Apoptosis and Arresting the Cell Cycle in A549 Lung Cancer Cells.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, accounting for approximately 2 million new cases and 1.8 million deaths annually. Standard treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies. Despite advancements over the past 25 years, the prognosis of patients with lung cancer remains poor. This study evaluated the synergistic anticancer effects of fenbendazole (FZ) and diisopropylamine dichloroacetate (DADA) on A549 lung cancer cells. Fenbendazole (methyl N-(6-phenylsulfanyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl) carbamate) is a broad-spectrum benzimidazole anthelmintic commonly used in veterinary medicine. Diisopropylamine Dichloroacetate (DADA), an over-the-counter treatment for chronic liver disease, has demonstrated anti-tumor properties as an inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. The combination of FZ and DADA exhibited a synergistic effect on inhibiting the proliferation of A549 lung cancer cells. After 48 h of treatment, the FZ-DADA combination produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promoted apoptosis by down-regulating Bcl2 and up-regulating BAX protein expression. The combination activated caspase-3, caspase-7, and PARP, further driving apoptosis in A549 cells. The FZ-DADA treatment also induced cell cycle arrest, as evidenced by the inhibition of Cyclin A and Cyclin E proteins. The synergistic anticancer effects of the FZ-DADA combination were confirmed at both cellular and protein levels in A549 lung cancer cells. The combination modulates key apoptotic proteins, induces cell cycle arrest, and increases mitochondrial ROS production, suggesting a promising approach for lung cancer treatment that warrants further investigation and development.

ASO Author Reflections: Young Adults and Racial Minorities May Be at High Risk for Financial Toxicity After Breast Cancer Treatment.

ASO Author Reflections: Young Adults and Racial Minorities May Be at High Risk for Financial Toxicity After Breast Cancer Treatment.

TPD52 is a Potential Prognostic Biomarker and Correlated with Immune Infiltration: A Pan-cancer Analysis.

Some tumors have a poor prognosis regarding TPD52 (tumor protein D52). This study aims to explore TPD52's role in the cancer process from a pan-cancer perspective. A pan-cancer analysis was conducted to investigate how TPD52 may be involved in cancer as well as its association with prognosis. A variety of human cancers express TPD52 abnormally and correlate with clinical stage. There was a significant association between low expression of TPD52 and poor survival in BRCA, KIRP, LAML, LIHC, UCEC, and UVM. TPD52 alterations were most frequently amplified in pan-cancer. The co-occurrence of 10 genes alterations was found in the TPD52 altered group. There was a significant association between TPD52 expression and MSI in four cancer types and TMB in twelve cancer types. There was a significant correlation between TPD52 expression and immunerelated cell infiltration. A significant correlation was found between TPD52 expression in many tumor types and 8 immune checkpoint genes. There were signaling pathways involved in pan-cancer caused by TPD52, including endocytosis, Fc gamma Rmediated phagocytosis, and so on. TPD52 may be involved in chemotherapy and chemoresistance. The TPD52 gene may be important for human cancer treatment.

Skrining fitokimia tumbuhan potensi obat kanker kolorektal Begonia medicinalis Ardi & D.C. Thomas

Cancer is a condition in which cells or tissues undergo abnormal progressive growth. Colorectal cancer is cancer that occurs in the colon to rectum organs of humans. Alternative therapy for colorectal cancer treatment is the use of herbs such as Begonia medicinalis Ardi & D.C. Thomas. This study aimed to screen the bioactive compounds in the Begonia medicinalis Ardi & D.C. Thomas. extract and its potential as a colorectal cancer drug. This research consists of two stages, namely the extraction stage using the maceration method and the screening stage. The results showed that the extract of Begonia medicinalis Ardi & D.C. Thomas. positively contains flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins. These bioactive compounds have potential activity as preventive and curative agents for colorectal cancer through several mechanisms, including suppressing oxidative stress, inhibiting CDK activity, suppressing intestinal inflammation, and increasing floranormal diversity and probiotic barrier activity in the intestine.

Cisplatin encapsulated human macrophage-engineered vesicles for utilization in ovarian cancer treatment

Cisplatin encapsulated human macrophage-engineered vesicles for utilization in ovarian cancer treatment

Revolutionizing Cancer Treatment: Unleashing the Power of Combining Oncolytic Viruses with CAR-T Cells.

Oncolytic Viruses (OVs) have emerged as a promising treatment option for cancer thanks to their significant research potential and encouraging results. These viruses exert a profound impact on the tumor microenvironment, making them effective against various types of cancer. In contrast, the efficacy of Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy in treating solid tumors is relatively low. The combination of OVs and CAR-T cell therapy, however, is a promising area of research. OVs play a crucial role in enhancing the tumor-suppressive microenvironment, which in turn enables CAR-T cells to function efficiently in the context of solid malignancies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the benefits and drawbacks of OV therapy and CAR-T cell therapy, with a focus on the potential of combining these two treatment approaches.

Vitamin B12 Protects Against Genotoxicity Induced by Cisplatin.

Cisplatin is an effective synthetic chemotherapeutic drug used for cancer treatment. Vitamin B12 has been shown to possess anti-genotoxic activity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin B12 on chromosomal damage induced by cisplatin. The level of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and chromosomal aberrations (CAs) were measured in cultured human blood lymphocytes treated with cisplatin and/or vitamin B12. The results showed a significantly elevated frequency of CAs and SCEs of cisplatin-treated cultures compared to the control (P < 0.05). The CAs and SCEs induced by cisplatin were significantly lowered by pretreatment of cell cultures with vitamin B12. In addition, cisplatin caused a slight reduction in the mitotic index (MI), while vitamin B12 did not modulate the effect of cisplatin on MI. Vitamin B12 can protect human lymphocytes against genotoxicity associated with cisplatin.

PO0702: Custom 3D-Printed Surface Brachytherapy Applicators for Skin Cancer Treatment, Trends Seen by Vendor

PO0702: Custom 3D-Printed Surface Brachytherapy Applicators for Skin Cancer Treatment, Trends Seen by Vendor

Necroptosis as a consequence of photodynamic therapy in tumor cells.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an alternative to cancer treatment, demonstrating selectivity and significant cytotoxicity on malignant tissues. Such therapy involves two nontoxic components: photosensitizer (PS) and non-ionizing radiation. In optimal dosage combinations, PDT causes cellular and tissue effects by oxygen-dependent processes, leading tumor cells to regulated cell death pathways. Regulated necrosis, called necroptosis, can be triggered by PDT and is characterized by caspase-8 inhibition and RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL activities, leading to plasma membrane pores formation with subsequent cellular content release into the extracellular space. For this review, studies accessed by PubMed describing the relation between necroptosis and PDT were summarized. The results showed that PDT can trigger necroptosis mechanisms in different tumor cells. Moreover, a mix of different cell death types can co-occur. It is also important to highlight that necroptosis triggered by PDT is related to damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) release, involving immunogenic cell death and vaccination. The cell death response is directly related to the photosensitizer chemical characteristics, concentration, incubation time, cellular location, and irradiation parameters. The synergism among all cell death types is an excellent advantage for avowing tumor resistance mechanisms and developing new solutions.

Tumor microenvironment activated MXene-protected Cu2O heterojunctions induce tumor-specific cuproptosis for enhanced sono-immunotherapy

The utilization of a copper ionophore to induce programmed cell death, known as cuproptosis, shows potential in augmenting the efficacy of traditional anticancer treatments and eliciting robust adaptive immune responses. Nevertheless, the non-tumor-specific release of Cu ions may initiate cuproptosis and cause irreversible damage to normal tissues. Herein, this work reports for the first time the regulation of degradation behaviors of Cu-based nanomaterials using Ti3C2Tx nanosheets as a protection layer to maximize the therapeutic effects of tumor-specific cuproptosis. A Z-scheme heterojunction termed Cu2O/Ti3C2Tx is facilely constructed by coating Ti3C2Tx nanosheets on the surface of Cu2O nanocubes. The fabrication of heterojunctions not only improves the sonodynamic and chemodynamic activities of Cu2O nanocubes owing to the manipulation of electron-hole transfer process, but also avoids the degradation of Cu2O nanocubes under normal physiological conditions. The tumor-specific released Cu ions not only realized the cascade amplification of ROS generation through Cu+-mediated Fenton-like reaction and Cu2+-facilitated GSH depletion, but also triggered cuproptosis through Cu+-induced DLAT oligomerization and mitochondrial dysfunction. More importantly, the immunosuppressive TME could be reversed by the greatly enhanced ROS levels and high-efficiency cuproptosis, ultimately inducing immunogenic cell death that promotes robust systemic immune responses for the eradication of primary tumors and suppression of distant tumors. This work provides a promising perspective for potential cancer treatment based on tumor-specific cuproptosis by controlling the degradation behaviors of Cu-based nanomaterials.

Electro-capacitive cancer therapy using wearable electric field detector: a review

Electro-capacitive cancer therapy (ECCT), a less invasive and more targeted approach using wearable electric field detectors, is revolutionizing cancer therapy, a complex process involving traditional methods like surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. The review aims to investigate the safety and efficacy of electric field exposure in vital organs, particularly in cancer therapy, to improve medical advancements. It will investigate the impact on cytokines and insulation integrity, as well as contribute to improving diagnostic techniques and safety measures in medical and engineering fields. Wearable electric field detectors have revolutionized cancer therapy by offering a non-invasive and personalized approach to treatment. These devices, such as smart caps or patches, measure changes in electric fields by detecting capacitance alterations. Their lightweight, comfortable, and easy to-wear nature allows for real-time monitoring, providing valuable data for personalized treatment plans. The portability of wearable detectors allows for long-term surveillance outside clinical settings, increasing therapy efficacy. The ability to collect data over extended periods provides a comprehensive view of electric field dynamics, aiding researchers in understanding tumor growth and progression. Technology advancements in electro-capacitive therapy, including wearable devices, have revolutionized cancer treatment by adjusting electric field intensity in real-time, enhancing personalized medicine, and improving treatment outcomes and patient quality of life.

Screening and Analysis of Skin Cancer Treatment Using Biocomponents of Plants Using Backpropagation Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Review

: In recent years, the use of natural compounds derived from plants for the treatment of skin cancer has gained significant attention due to their potential therapeutic effects and minimal side effects. This review focuses on the innovative approach of utilizing biocomponents sourced from plants in combination with backpropagation neural networks (BPNN) for the screening and analysis of skin cancer treatments. The integration of plant-derived compounds and AI-driven algorithms holds promise for enhancing the precision and effectiveness of skin cancer therapies. The review begins by highlighting the escalating global burden of skin cancer and the limitations of conventional treatment approaches. With the rise in concerns about the adverse effects of synthetic drugs, researchers have turned their attention towards exploring the therapeutic potential of plant-derived biocomponents. These natural compounds are known for their rich bioactive constituents that exhibit anti-cancer properties, making them suitable candidates for skin cancer treatment. One of the key challenges in harnessing the potential of plant-derived compounds is the need for accurate screening and analysis of their effects. This is where backpropagation neural networks, a type of artificial neural network, comes into play. These networks can process complex data and recognize intricate patterns, enabling them to predict the efficacy of various biocomponents in combating skin cancer. The review delves into the functioning of BPNN and its applications in drug discovery and treatment evaluation. Furthermore, the review explores several case studies that demonstrate the successful integration of plant-derived compounds with BPNN in the context of skin cancer treatment. These studies provide evidence of how this synergistic approach can lead to improved treatment outcomes by minimizing adverse effects and maximizing therapeutic benefits. The methodology section discusses the steps involved in training the neural network using relevant datasets and optimizing its performance for accurate predictions. While the integration of plant-derived compounds and BPNN shows great promise, the review also addresses the existing challenges and limitations. These include the need for comprehensive and standardized datasets, potential biases in training data, and the complexity of neural network architectures. The regulatory considerations surrounding plant-based therapies are also discussed, highlighting the importance of rigorous testing and validation.

Advancing Photodynamic Therapy with Nano-Conjugated Hypocrellin: Mechanisms and Clinical Applications.

Hypocrellin-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) is developing as a viable cancer therapeutic option, especially when enhanced by nanoconjugation. This review investigates the methods by which nano-conjugated hypocrellin enhances therapeutic efficacy and precision when targeting cancer cells. These nanoconjugates encapsulate or covalently bind hypocrellin photosensitizers (PSs), allowing them to accumulate preferentially in malignancies. When activated by light, the nanoconjugates produce singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in oxidative stress that selectively destroys cancer cells while protecting healthy tissues. We look at how they can be used to treat a variety of cancers. Clinical and preclinical studies show that they have advantages such as increased water solubility, improved tumor penetration, longer circulation times, and tailored delivery, all of which contribute to fewer off-target effects and overall toxicity. Ongoing research focuses on improving these nanoconjugates for better tumor targeting, drug release kinetics, and overcoming biological obstacles. Furthermore, the incorporation of developing technologies such as stimuli-responsive nanocarriers and combination therapies opens exciting opportunities for enhancing hypocrellin-based PDT. In conclusion, the combination of hypocrellin and nanotechnology constitutes a significant approach to cancer treatment, increasing the efficacy and safety of PDT. Future research will seek to create conjugates including hypocrellin, herceptin, and gold nanoparticles to induce apoptosis in human breast cancer cells in vitro, opening possibilities for therapeutic applications.

Bioassay-guided isolation and in Silico characterization of cytotoxic compounds from Hemimycale sp. Sponge targeting A549 lung cancer cells

Bioassay-guided fractionation approach led to identification of two novel compounds; (4-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methoxy-1H-pyrazol (1) and mycalene (2), alongside with four known metabolites; octadecane (3), hexatriacontane (4), 1-heneicosanol (5) and heptatriacontanoic acid (6) from the Red Sea marine sponge Hemimycale sp. The ethyl acetate fraction showed a noticeable cytotoxic activity against the lung cancer cell line (A549) with IC50 value of 75.54 µg/ mL. Structural elucidation was achieved using a combination of 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high-resolution electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS). To elucidate the potential mechanism of action behind the cytotoxic effects against lung cancer, a multi-faceted approach combining in silico network pharmacology, experimental validation, and molecular docking studies were employed. Both compounds, designated as 1 and 2, demonstrated significant binding affinities to predicted target proteins, with docking scores of -4.789 and − 4.421 kcal/mol, respectively. These results lay the groundwork for further investigation into the therapeutic potential of these novel compounds from Hemimycale sp. as promising candidates for lung cancer treatment.

Surrogate endpoint meta-regression: Useful statistics for regulators and trialists

ObjectivesThe main purpose of using a surrogate endpoint is to estimate the treatment effect on the true endpoint sooner than with a true endpoint. Based on a meta-regression of historical randomized trials with surrogate and true endpoints, we discuss statistics for applying and evaluating surrogate endpoints. MethodsWe computed statistics from two types of linear meta-regressions for trial-level data: simple random effects and novel random effects with correlations among estimated treatment effects in trials with more than 2 arms. A key statistic is the estimated intercept of the meta-regression line. An intercept that is small or not statistically significant increases confidence when extrapolating to a new treatment because of consistency with a single causal pathway and invariance to labeling of treatments as controls. For a regulator applying the meta-regression to a new treatment, a useful statistic is the 95% prediction interval. For a clinical trialist planning a trial of a new treatment, useful statistics are the surrogate threshold effect proportion, the sample size multiplier adjusted for dropouts, and the novel true endpoint advantage. ResultsWe illustrate these statistics with surrogate endpoint meta-regressions involving anti-hypertension treatment, breast cancer screening, and colorectal cancer treatment. ConclusionRegulators and trialists should consider using these statistics when applying and evaluating surrogate endpoints.

The effect of sulfonated reduced graphene oxide on the properties of ionic strength sensitive PEC film comprising protein/polysaccharides combined system

In the current study, sulfonated reduced graphene oxide (SRGO) at different amounts (0.0 %, 0.015 %, 0.030 %, 0.050 % w/v) was incorporated into the polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) which was produced by using protein/polysaccharides combined system composed of gelatin (Gel)/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hyaluronic acid (HA) not only to enhance mechanical and conductive properties but also to investigate the effect of sulfonyl groups on the ionic strength response of the produced PEC films. While FT-IR, SEM and zeta potential analyses were confirmed the character of produced samples, their mechanical and conductivity tests showed that the introduction of SRGO enhanced both mechanical performance and conductive feature of PEC films. Swelling and 5- fluorouracil (5-FU), a chemotherapeutic agent, release tests carried out in the solution with a varying ionic strength at a pH: 1.2 to simulate acidic stomach environment demonstrated that while pure PEC film has anti-polyelectrolyte behavior, SRGO based PEC films exhibited polyelectrolyte character due to sulfonyl groups with an increasing ionic strength of medium. It could be emphasized from all these results that the produced SRGO based PEC films with enhanced mechanical and conductive properties could be utilized as an ionic strength sensitive drug carrier which ensures controlled and targeted release for cancer treatments.

Thymol as adjuvant in oncology: molecular mechanisms, therapeutic potentials, and prospects for integration in cancer management.

Cancer remains a global health challenge, prompting a search for effective treatments with fewer side effects. Thymol, a natural monoterpenoid phenol derived primarily from thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and other plants in the Lamiaceae family, is known for its diverse biological activities. It emerges as a promising candidate in cancer prevention and therapy. This study aims to consolidate current research on thymol's anticancer effects, elucidating its mechanisms and potential to enhance standard chemotherapy, and to identify gaps for future research. A comprehensive review was conducted using databases like PubMed/MedLine, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, focusing on studies from the last 6years. All cancer types were included, assessing thymol's impact in both cell-based (in vitro) and animal (in vivo) studies. Thymol has been shown to induce programmed cell death (apoptosis), halt the cell division cycle (cell cycle arrest), and inhibit cancer spread (metastasis) through modulation of critical signaling pathways, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), and Wnt/β-catenin. It also enhances the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in colorectal cancer treatments. Thymol's broad-spectrum anticancer activities and non-toxic profile to normal cells underscore its potential as an adjunct in cancer therapy. Further clinical trials are essential to fully understand its therapeutic benefits and integration into existing treatment protocols.

Combined treatment with Aronia berry extract and oligomeric proanthocyanidins exhibit a synergistic anticancer efficacy through LMNB1-AKT signaling pathways in colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent and highly recurrent malignancies worldwide and currently ranks as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The high degree of morbidity and mortality associated with CRC is primarily attributed to the limited effectiveness of current therapeutic approaches and the emergence of chemoresistance to standard treatment modalities. Recent research indicates that several natural products, including Aronia berry extracts (ABE) and oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs), might offer a safe, cost-effective, and multitargeted adjunctive role to cancer treatment. Herein, we hypothesized a combined treatment with ABE and OPCs could synergistically modulate multiple oncogenic pathways in CRC, thereby enhancing their anticancer activity. We initially conducted a series of in vitro experiments to assess the synergistic anticancer effects of ABE and OPCs on CRC cell lines. We demonstrate that these two compounds exhibited a superior synergistic anticancer potential versus individual treatments in enhancing the ability to inhibit cell viability, suppress colony formation, and induce apoptosis (p < 0.05). Consistent with our in vitro findings, we validated this combinatorial anticancer effect in tumor-derived 3D organoids (PDOs; p < 0.01). Using genome-wide transcriptomic profiling, we identified that a specific gene, LMNB1, associated with the cell apoptosis pathway, was found to play a crucial role in exhibiting anticancer effects with these two products. Furthermore, the combined treatment of ABE and OPCs significantly impacted the expression of key proteins involved in apoptosis, including suppressed expression levels of LMNB1 in CRC cell lines (p < 0.05), which resulted in inhibiting downstream AKT phosphorylation. In conclusion, our study provides novel evidence of the synergistic anticancer effects of ABE and OPCs in CRC cells, partially mediated through the regulation of apoptosis and the oncogene LMNB1 within the AKT signaling pathway. These findings have the potential to better appreciate the anticancer potential of natural products in CRC and help improve treatment outcomes in this malignancy.

SMYD family in cancer: epigenetic regulation and molecular mechanisms of cancer proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance.

Epigenetic modifiers (miRNAs, histone methyltransferases (HMTs)/demethylases, and DNA methyltransferases/demethylases) are associated with cancer proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. Among these modifiers, HMTs are frequently overexpressed in various cancers, and recent studies have increasingly identified these proteins as potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss members of the SET and MYND domain-containing protein (SMYD) family that are topics of extensive research on the histone methylation and nonhistone methylation of cancer-related genes. Various members of the SMYD family play significant roles in cancer proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance by regulating cancer-specific histone methylation and nonhistone methylation. Thus, the development of specific inhibitors that target SMYD family members may lead to the development of cancer treatments, and combination therapy with various anticancer therapeutic agents may increase treatment efficacy.

Resveratrol inhibits Cell Cycle Dynamics, Caspase Activation, and Programmed Cell Death: Implications for Cancer Treatment in MCF-7 Cells"

Resveratrol inhibits Cell Cycle Dynamics, Caspase Activation, and Programmed Cell Death: Implications for Cancer Treatment in MCF-7 Cells"