Treatment-related Side Effects Research Articles

Pulmonary aspergillosis after COVID-19, a case report

COVID-19 is an infectious disease that spreads worldwide, can progress rapidly, affect individuals of all ages, and cause death, especially in the elderly and people with chronic diseases. It has predisposed a relatively high number of patients to acute respiratory distress syndrome, and co-infections are a frequent complication, especially during prolonged hospital stays. Bacterial or viral co-infections with SARS-CoV-2 have been reported in many studies, but knowledge of Aspergillus co-infection in patients with COVID-19 is limited. This study presents a 57-year-old male patient with COVID-19 who had had no lung disease before COVID-19 pneumonia. However, after COVID-19 pneumonia with sequels and treatments that include corticosteroids and IL-6 receptor antagonists, an invasive pulmonary aspergillus (IPA) cavity occurred immediately. In addition to the fact that COVID-19 infection progresses with destructive parenchymal damage and sequelae, the effectiveness of treatment is limited, and treatment-related side effects and complications can be examined. Therefore, clinical and radiological follow-up of patients whose symptoms persist after infection is essential.

#2231 The efficacy of anti-viral therapies for hepatitis B in kidney transplant recipients

Abstract Background and Aims The efficacy and long-term outcomes of anti-viral therapies used for hepatitis B treatment or prevention continue to be a challenging area in kidney transplantation practice. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of anti-viral treatment in a hepatitis B kidney transplant cohort and its effect on long-term graft and overall survival. Method We reviewed the data of 589 patients who were followed up on at our clinic between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2023. Recipients who were AntiHbc IgG positive and received Rituximab and HbsAg negative recipients whose donor was HbsAg positive were included in the prophylaxis group, and recipients who were HbsAg positive were included in the treatment group. Age- and gender-matched recipients who did not use anti-viral treatment constituted the control group. HBV-DNA positivity in the prophylaxis group and an increase in HBV-DNA titers in the treatment group were indicators of treatment ineffectiveness. Anti-viral treatment-related side effects were noted. Graft functions, graft, and overall survival rates were examined at the beginning of treatment and at the last visit. Results A total of 30 patients receiving anti-viral therapy (prophylaxis n = 15, treatment n = 15) were included and compared with 32 control patients. The median age of the prophylaxis group was 49 (13–60) years, the median age of the treatment group was 46 (15–63) years, and the median age of the control group was 44 (22–71) years (p = 0.846). No difference was detected between the groups in terms of gender distribution. Entecavir was used in 17 patients, tenofovir in 7, and lamivudine in 6 patients. Hepatitis B activation was not observed in any patient in the prophylaxis group. An increase in HBV-DNA level was observed in 2 of 5 patients (40%) in the treatment group, followed by lamivudine. No treatment unresponsiveness was observed with other agents. No anti-viral drug-related side effects were reported in any patient. While there was no graft loss in the anti-viral treatment groups during follow-up, overall survival was determined as 100% in the prophylaxis group, 80% in the treatment group, and 90.6% in the control group (log rank p = 0.404). No hepatitis B-related mortality was reported. The findings are summarized in Tables 1 and 2. Conclusion Kidney transplant recipients using anti-viral medications for Hepatitis B, either for treatment or prophylaxis, showed similar graft and patient survival compared to the control group. Entecavir is the most commonly used anti-viral agent. Our findings support that it is advisable to consider alternative anti-viral medications instead of lamivudine, as there is a potential risk of non-response.

Comparative Study of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy and the Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure for the Treatment of Cervical High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions.

The loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) is a common treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated by 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a non-invasive modality that has been used for treating precancerous diseases and HPV infections. This comparative study evaluated the efficacy and safety of ALA PDT and the LEEP in the treatment of cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs). Patient records were reviewed and HSIL patients with HPV infections (24-51 years old) who underwent PDT or LEEP treatment were selected. Efficacy was analyzed blindly based on HPV-DNA, cytology, and colposcopy-directed biopsy obtained at 6 months after treatment. Treatment-related discomfort and side effects were also analyzed. Cure rates of 88.1% and 70.0% were achieved for the PDT group and LEEP group (p < 0.05), respectively. HPV-negative conversion rates of 81.0% and 62.0% were achieved for the PDT group and LEEP group (p < 0.05), respectively. The overall lesion remission rate of the PDT group was 19% higher than that of the LEEP group. The incidence of side effects was much lower in the PDT group. These results show that ALA PDT is a feasible non-invasive treatment for cervical HSIL.

Exercise Therapy in Oncology.

The diagnosis and treatment of cancer are highly stressful. Exercise therapy is often used to mitigate the adverse effects of treatment. But how good is the evidence base, and what has changed in recent years? In this narrative review, we present the current data and what it implies for the care of adults with cancer. This review is based on data from meta-analyses and systematic reviews concerning 16 relevant clinical endpoints (outcomes) of exercise therapy for cancer patients. The literature evaluated for this paper reveals that targeted exercise therapy is feasible and safe under appropriate supervision. It is highly effective for improving eight endpoints (anxiety, depression, fatigue, quality of life, physical function, secondary lymphedema after breast cancer, urinary incontinence, post-mastectomy pain syndrome in breast cancer) and may also have a beneficial effect on sleep quality, cardiotoxicity, and cognitive function. Less conclusive studies are currently available with respect to chemotherapy-induced polyneuropathy, nausea/vomiting, and bone health. There is currently insufficient data to suggest any benefit with respect to sexual function and risk factors for falling. The data shows that exercise therapy for cancer patients is safe and has manifold effects on selected clinically relevant parameters. Further studies should be performed regarding the possible utility of exercise therapy against treatment-related side effects for which the evidence is currently insufficient. On the basis of the currently available and already existing recommendations, quality-assured exercise therapy can be recommended to cancer patients suffering from a wide range of neoplastic conditions.

Role of TORS as De-Escalation Strategy in HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Cancer, What We Need to Know.

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) presents unique challenges and opportunities for treatment, particularly regarding de-escalation strategies to reduce treatment morbidity without compromising oncological outcomes. This paper examines the role of Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS) as a de-escalation strategy in managing HPV-related OPSCC. We conducted a comprehensive literature review from January 2010 to June 2023, focusing on studies exploring TORS outcomes in patients with HPV-positive OPSCC. These findings highlight TORS's potential to reduce the need for adjuvant therapy, thereby minimizing treatment-related side effects while maintaining high rates of oncological control. TORS offers advantages such as precise tumor resection and the ability to obtain accurate pathological staging, which can guide the tailoring of adjuvant treatments. Some clinical trials provide evidence supporting the use of TORS in specific patient populations. The MC1273 trial demonstrated promising outcomes with lower doses of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) following TORS, showing high locoregional tumor control rates and favorable survival outcomes with minimal side effects. ECOG 3311 evaluated upfront TORS followed by histopathologically directed adjuvant therapy, revealing good oncological and functional outcomes, particularly in intermediate-risk patients. The SIRS trial emphasized the benefits of upfront surgery with neck dissection followed by de-escalated RT in patients with favorable survival and excellent functional outcomes. At the same time, the PATHOS trial examined the impact of risk-adapted adjuvant treatment on functional outcomes and survival. The ongoing ADEPT trial investigates reduced-dose adjuvant RT, and the DART-HPV study aims to compare standard adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with a reduced dose of adjuvant RT in HPV-positive OPSCC patients. These trials collectively underscore the potential of TORS in facilitating treatment de-escalation while maintaining favorable oncological and functional outcomes in selected patients with HPV-related OPSCC. The aim of this scoping review is to discuss the challenges of risk stratification, the importance of HPV status determination, and the implications of smoking on treatment outcomes. It also explores the evolving criteria for adjuvant therapy following TORS, focusing on reducing radiation dosage and volume without compromising treatment efficacy. In conclusion, TORS emerges as a viable upfront treatment option for carefully selected patients with HPV-positive OPSCC, offering a pathway toward treatment de-escalation. However, selecting the optimal candidate for TORS-based de-escalation strategies is crucial to fully leverage the benefits of treatment de-intensification.

A Humanized and Viable Animal Model for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia-CYP21A2-R484Q Mutant Mouse.

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) is an autosomal recessive disorder impairing cortisol synthesis due to reduced enzymatic activity. This leads to persistent adrenocortical overstimulation and the accumulation of precursors before the blocked enzymatic step. The predominant form of CAH arises from mutations in CYP21A2, causing 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD). Despite emerging treatment options for CAH, it is not always possible to physiologically replace cortisol levels and counteract hyperandrogenism. Moreover, there is a notable absence of an effective in vivo model for pre-clinical testing. In this work, we developed an animal model for CAH with the clinically relevant point mutation p.R484Q in the previously humanized CYP21A2 mouse strain. Mutant mice showed hyperplastic adrenals and exhibited reduced levels of corticosterone and 11-deoxycorticosterone and an increase in progesterone. Female mutants presented with higher aldosterone concentrations, but blood pressure remained similar between wildtype and mutant mice in both sexes. Male mutant mice have normal fertility with a typical testicular appearance, whereas female mutants are infertile, exhibit an abnormal ovarian structure, and remain in a consistent diestrus phase. Conclusively, we show that the animal model has the potential to contribute to testing new treatment options and to prevent comorbidities that result from hormone-related derangements and treatment-related side effects in CAH patients.

Approach to weight management in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease in a real-life clinical setting.

Excess adiposity represents a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and progression to end-stage kidney disease. Anti-Obesity Medications (AOMs) are vastly underutilized in patients with advanced CKD because of concerns related to safety and efficacy. This study was conducted to evaluate the real-world approach to weight management and the efficacy and safety of AOMs in people with advanced CKD. This is a retrospective analysis of individuals with Body Mass Index (BMI)≥27kg/m2 and eGFR≤30mL/min/1.73m2 referred to an academic medical weight-management program between 01/2015 and 09/2022. Evaluation of weight-management approaches, body weight change, treatment-related side effects, and reasons for treatment discontinuation were reported. Eighty-nine patients met inclusion criteria, 16 were treated with intensive lifestyle modifications (ILM) alone and 73 with AOMs (all treated with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist [GLP1-RA] +/- other AOMs) along with ILM. Patients treated with AOMs had a longer duration of on-treatment follow-up (median 924days) compared to (93days) the ILM group. Over 75% of patients treated with AOMs lost ≥5% body weight versus 25% of those treated with ILM. Only 15% of patients treated with AOMs discontinued therapy due to treatment-related side effects. In patients with obesity and advanced CKD, GLP-1RA-based anti-obesity treatment was well-tolerated, effective, and led to durable weight reduction.

Artificial intelligence- image learning and its applications in neurooncology: a review.

Image learning involves using artificial intelligence (AI) to analyse radiological images. Various machine and deeplearning- based techniques have been employed to process images and extract relevant features. These can later be used to detect tumours early and predict their survival based on their grading and classification. Radiomics is now also used to predict genetic mutations and differentiate between tumour progression and treatment-related side effects. These were once completely dependent on invasive procedures like biopsy and histopathology. The use and feasibility of these techniques are now widely being explored in neurooncology to devise more accurate management plans and limit morbidity and mortality. Hence, the future of oncology lies in the exploration of AI-based image learning techniques, which can be applied to formulate management plans based on less invasive diagnostic techniques, earlier detection of tumours, and prediction of prognosis based on radiomic features. In this review, we discuss some of these applications of image learning in current medical dynamics.

Abstract GS02-10: Effects of a structured and individualized exercise program on fatigue and health-related quality of life in patients with metastatic breast cancer: the multinational randomized controlled PREFERABLE-EFFECT study

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Patients with metastatic breast cancer (mBC) often experience cancer- and treatment-related side effects that can impair daily life activities and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Interventions are needed that improve HRQoL by alleviating fatigue and other side effects during palliative BC cancer treatment. Recent evidence-based international guidelines (ASCO, ACSM) recommend exercise for patients with BC during adjuvant treatment for reducing side effects. However, evidence of the effectiveness of exercise in patients with mBC is scarce. The PREFERABLE-EFFECT study (NCT04120298) was designed to assess the effects of a 9-month supervised exercise program in patients with mBC on fatigue, HRQoL, and other cancer- and treatment-related side effects. METHODS: PREFERABLE-EFFECT is a multinational, randomized controlled trial including patients with mBC from five European countries (Germany, Poland, Spain, Sweden, The Netherlands) and Australia. Participants were randomly assigned to usual care or an individualized, structured exercise program consisting of aerobic, resistance, and balance training. The first six months included twice weekly supervised exercise sessions of one hour. In the last three months, one supervised session was replaced by an unsupervised session, supplemented by an exercise App. All participants received general exercise advice (physical activity ≥ 30 min/day) and an activity tracker. Our primary outcomes, physical fatigue (subscale of the EORTC QLQ-FA12) and HRQoL (summary score of the EORTC QLQ-C30), were assessed at baseline, 3, 6, and 9 months. Among other physical fitness outcomes, maximal short exercise capacity was assessed with the Steep Ramp Test. The intervention effects (intention-to-treat) were determined by comparing the change from baseline to 3, 6 (i.e., primary endpoint) and 9 months between groups using separate mixed models for repeated measures, adjusted for baseline values of the outcome variable and stratification factors (mBC line of treatment (1st/2nd vs. 3rd or higher) and study center). A significant improvement of either or both primary outcomes (applying the Bonferroni-Holm method) was considered as successful. RESULTS: Between 2019-2022, we included 357 patients with mBC, with 178 patients randomized to the exercise intervention and 179 to usual care. Patients were, on average, 55.4 years of age (SD=11.1), most patients received 1st or 2nd line of treatment at study enrollment (74.8%) and had bone metastases (73.9%). At 6 months (primary endpoint), participation in the exercise intervention resulted in statistically significant positive effects on both primary outcomes, compared to usual care: physical fatigue was lower (mean difference: -5.3, 95% CI -10.0; -0.6, p=0.027, effect size (ES)=0.22) and HRQoL was better (+4.8, 95% CI 2.2; 7.4, p=0.0003, ES=0.33). Beneficial effects were also found at 3 months (physical fatigue: -3.4, -7.8; 1.0, ES=0.14 and QoL: 3.9, 1.5; 6.3, ES=0.27) and 9 months (physical fatigue: -5.6, -10.9; -0.4, ES=0.24 and QoL: +4.3, 1.4; 7.3, ES=0.31). Further, at the primary endpoint, we found positive exercise effects on physical fitness (+24.3 Watts, 15.5; 33.1, ES=0.42) and numerous QLQ-C30 scales, including social functioning (+5.5, 0.2; 10.8, ES=0.20), pain (-7.1, -12.1; -1.9, ES=0.28) and dyspnea (-7.6, -12.2; -3.0, ES=0.28). Two SAEs occurred (one wrist fracture and one sacral stress fracture), neither related to bone metastases. CONCLUSION: This large multinational study demonstrated significant beneficial effects of a supervised exercise intervention offered during palliative treatment on mBC patients’ fatigue, HRQoL, and other clinically relevant outcomes. Based on these findings, we recommend supervised resistance and aerobic exercise as part of supportive care regimens during palliative treatment of mBC. Citation Format: Anne May, Anouk Hiensch, Johanna Depenbusch, Martina Schmidt, Evelyn Monninkhof, Mireia Pelaez, Dorothea Clauss, Philipp Zimmer, Jon Belloso, Mark Trevaskis, Helene Rundqvist, Joachim Wiskemann, Jana Muller, Carlo Fremd, Renske Altena, Joanna Kufel-Grabowska, Rhode Bijlsma, Lobke van Leeuwen-Snoeks, Daan ten Bokkel-Huinink, Gabe Sonke, Bruce Mann, Prudence Francis, Gary Richardson, Isabel Álvarez, Wolfram Malter, Elsken Van der Wall, Neil Aaronson, Elżbieta Senkus, Ander Urriticoechea, Eva Zopf, Wilhelm Bloch, Martijn Stuiver, Yvonne Wengström, Karen Steindorf. Effects of a structured and individualized exercise program on fatigue and health-related quality of life in patients with metastatic breast cancer: the multinational randomized controlled PREFERABLE-EFFECT study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr GS02-10.

Abstract PO3-28-01: More Than a Diagnosis: An Untold Story of Quality of Life

Abstract Background Advocates for Collaborative Education, a global coalition of patient, community, research, and policy advocates, initiated an anonymous, online survey to assess Quality of Life (QoL) impacts of cancer diagnosis and treatment to inform research, clinical care, and the broader cancer community. Identifying what matters most to individuals can potentially guide improvements in supportive care to effectively address QoL impacts. Methods A six-section, 93 question survey was co-created by patients, survivors, and advocates. Co-creation was instrumental in determining categories, specific questions, and measurement scales used to assess severity and impact of QoL challenges. Beyond demographic, treatment, and cancer diagnosis data, co-creation participants identified seventeen (17) treatment-related side effects. Survey questions asked about these side effects, their perceived severity, how well informed they felt about possibilities of experiencing these side effects, supportive care access, side effects of supportive care therapies, and personal preferences for receiving cancer-related information. Recruitment efforts for this online survey were conducted through advocacy groups and social media platforms. Results Across a wide range of demographic subsets, including age, race, stage of cancer, and treatment modalities, 334 respondents with a history of breast cancer reported a decline in QoL scores pre cancer vs post cancer according to the co-created measurement tool. Physical and emotional well-being emerged as top priorities for most respondents, 47.9% and 27.5% respectively. Of 17 listed side effects, respondents cited fatigue (49%), muscle/joint pain (36%), and emotional distress (35%) as primary concerns, with sexual dysfunction and cognitive impairment ranking prominently. Forty-six percent reported severe (frequent &amp; highly disruptive) to very severe (constant &amp; severely impacting quality of life) emotional distress, but only 55% of those felt informed or well informed about the possibility of emotional distress. Among respondents, only 41% received a plan to address emotional distress. Many felt unprepared for physical side effects as well. While 54% of individuals experienced diarrhea or fecal incontinence as a treatment side effect, 22% of affected individuals did not feel informed about the possibility of such side effects. Survey findings also highlight consequences of treatments to manage side effects. For example, 37% of respondents were prescribed treatment to address diarrhea and 100% of these patients reported additional side effects stemming from this supportive care including nausea, constipation, and fatigue. Detailed results for all categories as well as stratification by subsets of age, race, metastatic vs. early stage, treatment type, and others will be available for presentation and publication. Conclusion This study sheds light on an underexplored area of cancer research. Management of treatment side effects is integral to supportive care, yet supportive medications can introduce a cascade of their own side effects, exacerbating the overall burden on patients. Information and education are critical to bridge the gap. The collaboration with patients and survivors in developing this survey represents a pivotal step in determining areas that demand attention for improving QoL and offers valuable insights aimed at enhancing the well-being of individuals affected by cancer and additional research will pursue collaborative solutions. Demographic and High Level QoL Responses from MTAD (Breast) Detailed data on perceived severity, impact to QoL, perceived preparation for, and relevant supportive care is available for each side effect Citation Format: Stacey Tinianov, Kelly Shanahan, Catherine Thomsen, Ginny Mason, Laura Carfang, Joanne Mika Hayashi, Laurie Hutcheson. More Than a Diagnosis: An Untold Story of Quality of Life [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO3-28-01.

STRUCTURED EXERCISE IMPROVES FATIGUE AND HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE IN METASTATIC BREAST CANCER PATIENTS: THE MULTINATIONAL RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED PREFERABLE-EFFECT STUDY

INTRODUCTION &amp; AIMS Exercise has been proven safe and effective for patients with breast cancer in the curative setting, however evidence in patients with metastatic breast cancer (mBC) is scarce. The aim of the PREFERABLE - EFFECT study (NCT04120298) was to evaluate the effects of a structured exercise program on fatigue, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and other cancer- and treatment-related side effects in patients with mBC. METHODS The randomized controlled trial included patients with mBC from five European countries (Germany, Spain, Netherlands, Poland, Sweden) and Australia. Participants were randomly assigned to usual care (UC) or a 9-month supervised and individualized exercise program (EX) involving twice weekly aerobic, resistance, and balance exercises. The primary outcomes, physical fatigue (EORTC QLQ-FA12 subscale) and HRQoL (EORTC QLQ-C30 summary score) were assessed at baseline, 3, 6, and 9 months. Among other physical fitness outcomes, maximal short exercise capacity was assessed with the Steep Ramp Test. Changes from baseline to 3, 6 (primary endpoint) and 9 months were compared between groups using adjusted mixed models for repeated measures. RESULTS A total of 357 patients were randomized (EX=178, UC=179). On average, participants were 55.4 years of age (SD=11.1) and 73.9% had bone metastases. EX resulted in a significant reduction in physical fatigue (-5.3 [-10.0; -0.6], p=.027, ES=0.22) and improvement in HRQoL (+4.8 [2.2; 7.4], p=.0003, ES=0.33) compared to UC at 6 months (primary endpoint), as well as at 3 and 9 months. EX also improved physical fitness (+24.3 Watts, [15.5; 33.1], ES=0.42, at 6 months) and numerous relevant QLQ-C30 scales, including social functioning, pain, and dyspnoea. CONCLUSION This large multinational study demonstrates that supervised exercise improves fatigue, HRQoL, and other clinically relevant outcomes in patients with mBC. Based on these findings, supervised exercise should be recommended to patients with mBC.

In their voices: Kenyan women's experiences with cancer treatment–related side effects

ObjectiveThis article reports on a secondary analysis of a qualitative study conducted in Nairobi, Kenya that reported several initial themes. In this article, the authors explore the theme of treatment-related side effect management by women receiving treatment for breast or cervical cancer. MethodsWomen were interviewed at three points during their active treatment trajectory. Participants were purposefully selected and saturation was reached when interviews did not yield any new themes. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed for internal consistency, frequency, extensiveness, intensity and specificity. The Nvivo pro 12 software was used in organizing and managing the data to facilitate analysis. ResultsEighteen women were interviewed. Major side effects reported by participants included fatigue, alopecia, skin and nail changes as well as nausea and vomiting. Women who received information prior to treatment were more comfortable managing side effects. Participants described the impact of side effects on their daily life, body image, and many sought comfort through faith. Some women provided suggestions on strategies for patient education. ConclusionsThis study attempted to capture the cancer treatment-related experiences of Kenyan women in their own voices and present strategies for future intervention and research. The care of individuals receiving treatment can be enhanced through the advancement of health human resources, the development of nationally accessible patient education materials and research on regionally relevant strategies to manage cancer treatment-related side effects.

Cognitive Function, Diet, and Gender are Associated with Unique Microbiome Signatures in Cancer Survivors

Despite the development of new and highly effective cancer therapies, emerging evidence suggests that these treatments are associated with long-term side effects, which may contribute to cognitive impairment (CI) or dementia in cancer survivors. Many of these side effects are linked to gut health and a perturbed gut microbiome. However, the role of the gut microbiota in cancer treatment-related side effects, especially in older adults, remains largely unknown. Furthermore, it remains elusive how other factors, such as diet and gender, may impact gut microbiota. We hypothesize that cancer survivors have a distinct microbiome signature compared to non-cancer controls and that CI, diet, and gender are associated with unique microbiomes in survivors. Here, we analyzed the gut microbiome (using whole genome sequencing) and cognitive function (using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA]) of 150 older adults (≥ 60 years) from the MiaGB (Microbiome in aging Gut and Brain) consortium. We first assessed microbiome signatures of cancer survivors in our cohort compared to non-cancer controls. We show that the gut of cancer survivors is significantly enriched with Escherichia, Eggerthella lenta, and Lachnospiraceae bacterium OF09 33XD. Next, participants were further stratified based on MoCA score, diet (yogurt/probiotic consumption), and gender and we assessed their microbiota. E. lenta and L. bacterium OF09 33XD remained enriched in cancer survivors when separating based on all three of these factors. We also found that cognitive function, yogurt/probiotic use, and gender were linked with unique microbiome signatures in cancer survivors. Interestingly, the abundances of two well-studied probiotics, Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus, were significantly low in cancer survivors with CI. Additionally, increased S. thermophilus abundance was positively correlated with MoCA score (Spearman p = 0.054, r = 0.159). Our results indicate that older adult cancer survivors harbor a unique gut microbiome, which could also be impacted by cognitive function, yogurt/probiotic consumption, and gender. Elucidating how these factors modulate the microbiome, independently and together, will aid in the development of novel and precision microbiome-based therapies to combat cancer treatment-related side effects in survivors. We would like to thank the Ed and Ethel Moore Alzheimer’s Disease Research Program of the Florida Department of Health (22A17), the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Aging (R56AG069676, R56AG064075, RF1AG071762, R21AG072379, U01AG076928), and the Department of Defense (W81XWH-18-PRARP AZ180098) for funding support. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Assessment of Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction in Breast Cancer Patients: A Prospective Study.

Background Advances in cancer treatment have markedly improved survival rates but have also heightened morbidity due to treatment-related side effects. Despite this, the literature remains scarce on predicting the incidence of acute cardiac toxicity resulting from chemotherapy. We conducted a prospective evaluation to assess the incidence, timing, clinical correlates, global longitudinal strain (GLS), and response to heart failure (HF) therapy in patients experiencing cardiotoxicity. Aims and objectives Our study aimed to assess the cardiovascular complications of cancer therapy in breast cancer patients, with particular emphasis on therapy-related cardiac dysfunction. Materials and methods We conducted a prospective observational study to detect chemotherapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) in breast cancer patients attending the outpatient department (OPD) or admitted to Dayanand Medical College and Hospital (DMCH), Ludhiana, Punjab, between March 1, 2020, and October 31, 2021. We assessed left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at baseline, mid-chemotherapy, and post-chemotherapy. Patients who developed left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) had their chemotherapy regimen modified and were initiated on HF therapy. Results Ninety-seven patients (mean age: 50.74±10.30 years) were enrolled and categorized into the LVD group (n=13) and non-LVD group (n=84). CTRCD developed in 13 patients (13.4%). Patients with estrogen receptor (ER) positive, progesterone receptor (PR) positive, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive status, as well as those in cancer stages III and IV, are at higher risk of developing LV dysfunction. Among the 13 patients, 10 (77%) experienced complete recovery, while three (23%) had partial recovery. Markers for partial recovery included cancer stages III-IV, younger age, lower body mass index (BMI), lower radiotherapy dosage, lower mean chemotherapy dosage, and left breast involvement. Conclusion Our findings suggest that acute cardiotoxicity is not linked to the cumulative dose of anthracyclines. Early detection, modification of chemotherapy regimens, and prompt initiation of CTRCD therapy can lead to substantial recovery of cardiac dysfunction.

Lymphoma of the central nervous system originating from the septum pellucidum region: Two case reports with literature review.

Central nervous system lymphoma (CNSL) originating from the septum pellucidum is exceptionally rare, presenting unique diagnostic and therapeutic complexities. This case report aims to elucidate the diagnostic challenges, treatment strategies, and outcomes of this rare manifestation. By documenting this case, we seek to enhance understanding within the medical community and contribute valuable insights to the management of CNSL, particularly in atypical locations. A 45-year-old female presented with persistent headaches, blurred vision, and motor weakness, prompting a thorough neurological evaluation. Imaging revealed an enhancing mass in the septum pellucidum, leading to the diagnosis of CNSL. The patient's concerns encompassed not only the physical symptoms but also the emotional impact of her diagnosis and treatment journey. Diagnostic confirmation of CNSL involved cerebrospinal fluid analysis and imaging findings, highlighting the challenge of distinguishing lymphoma from other intracranial pathologies. The case underscores the importance of comprehensive diagnostic evaluation in rare CNSL presentations. Multidisciplinary management included high-dose methotrexate-based chemotherapy and corticosteroids, with consideration for neurosurgical intervention. Psychosocial support and self-care strategies were integrated into the treatment plan to address holistic patient needs. Monitoring revealed a positive treatment response, with a reduction observed in the septum pellucidum mass. Regular assessments ensured adherence to interventions and management of treatment-related side effects, contributing to favorable outcomes and improved quality of life for the patient. This case emphasizes the significance of meticulous diagnostic evaluation and personalized treatment approaches in managing rare CNSL presentations. Collaboration among specialists and comprehensive patient support is paramount in optimizing outcomes and addressing the multifaceted challenges posed by CNSL in unique anatomical locations.

Cytotoxic activity and apoptosis induction by supernatant of Lentilactobacillus buchneri on HT-29 colon cancer cells

Background and Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third most deadly cancer in the world. According to recent experimental reports, probiotics and their derivatives protect CRC patients from treatment-related side effects. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic impact of the cell-free supernatant (CFS) of Lentilactobacillus buchneri on the HT-29 cancer cell line.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: In the current study, we used the L. buchneri CFS, which was well isolated and identified in our previous investigation from traditional yogurt in the Arak region of Iran. The apoptosis induction in HT-29 cancer cells was assessed by cell cytotoxicity, flow cytometry, and qRT-PCR.&#x0D; Results: L. buchneri CFS inhibited the proliferation of HT-29 cancer cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The apoptotic effect of CFS was further supported by the flow cytometry data, which showed that the maximum incidence of apoptosis 50 was observed in HT-29 cancer cells treated with the IC concentration of CFS after 72 hours. CFS of L. buchneri also exerted the up-regulating effect on the expression of pro-apoptotic genes including BAX, CASP9, and CASP3. L. buchneri CFS at an IC 50 dose induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase in HT-29 cells.&#x0D; Conclusion: This study indicates that L. buchneri CFS can prevent colorectal cancer (CRC) development in patients by inducing cancer cell apoptosis. This finding suggests that the CFS of L. buchneri could be used as a therapeutic agent for the control of CRC.

"I couldn't carry on taking a drug like that": A qualitative study of patient perspectives on side effects from rheumatology drugs.

There is growing interest in collecting outcome information directly from patients in clinical trials. This study evaluates what patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) consider important to know about symptomatic side effects they may experience from a new prescription drug. Patients with inflammatory arthritis, who had one or more prescribed drugs for their disease for at least 12 months, participated in focus groups and individual interviews. Discussions were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. We conducted seven focus groups with 34 participants across three continents. We found four overarching and two underpinning themes. The 'impact on life' was connected to participants 'daily life', 'family life', 'work life', and 'social life'. In 'psychological and physical aspects' participants described 'limitation to physical function', 'emotional dysregulation' and 'an overall mental state'. Extra tests, hospital visits and payment for medication were considered a 'time, energy and financial burden' of side effects. Participants explained important measurement issues to be 'severity', 'frequency', and 'duration'. Underpinning these issues, participants evaluated the 'benefit-harm-balance' which includes 'the cumulative burden' of having several side effects and the persistence of side effects over time. In treatment for RMDs, there seems to be an urgent need for feasible measures of patient-reported bother (impact on life and cumulative burden) from side effects and the benefit-harm-balance. These findings contribute new evidence in support of a target domain-an outcome that represents the patient voice evaluating the symptomatic treatment-related side effects for people with RMDs enrolled in clinical trials.

Factors influencing caregiver decisions to use complementary and integrative therapies in pediatric oncology settings: Findings from a qualitative analysis

PurposeComplementary and integrative medicine (CIM) therapies (i.e., non-conventional Western medicine interventions) may reduce side-effects associated with pediatric oncology treatment. CIM therapies may also improve caregiver psychological and physical health that is exacerbated during pediatric cancer treatment. Despite known benefits, these therapies are not widely used within pediatric oncology populations in the United States. To guide and promote CIM use among this population, the aim of this project was to qualitatively explore factors that contribute to caregivers' decision to include CIM use in their own and child's care. MethodsTwenty caregivers of children (ages 0.5–14 years) being treated for cancer participated in this study. Each completed a demographic form and the CIM use questionnaire. Qualitative interviews followed by a card sort task were used to assess barriers and facilitators of uptake for caregivers and their child with cancer. ResultsA number of predisposing (e.g., child age, beliefs) and needs factors (e.g., potential to treatment-related side-effects) provide insight into caregivers’ decisions to use CIM for their child. Analyses also revealed the importance of enabling factors (e.g., resources) for caregiver use. Caregivers also reported benefiting from additional information about risk/benefit analysis of these therapies, and current research for CIM use in caregivers and children being treated for cancer. ConclusionChildren may benefit from individually tailored complementary and integrative medicine consultations that explore patient history and specific needs factors to improve preference concordant care and uptake. Caregivers may benefit from support that improves enabling factors associated with care (e.g., improved accessibility).

Postoperative Pain Following Eye Enucleation: A Prospective Observational Study.

Background and Objectives: Enucleation of an eye is the most invasive procedure in ophthalmologic surgery. It can be the result of various diseases (malignant/chronic/trauma/infection) and is nevertheless relatively rare, but leads to the loss of a strongly innervated neuronal organ. This study systematically evaluates postoperative pain levels following enucleation of the eye globe. Materials and Methods: This prospective single-center study enrolled twenty-four patients undergoing enucleation of the eye globe. Perioperatively all patients completed (preoperative day, day of surgery, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd day following surgery) standardized questionnaires concerning their pain experience and treatment-related side-effects (internal protocol, QUIPS, painDETECT®). Patients received usual pain therapy in an unstandardized individual manner. Results: Preoperatively, mean average pain intensity of all included patients was 3.29 ± 2.46 (range, 0-8), 3.29 ± 3.24 (range, 0-8) on the day of surgery, 4.67 ± 1.90 (range, 2-10) on day 1, 3.25 ± 1.39 (range, 1-6) on day 2, and 2.71 ± 1.30 (range, 1-6) on day 3 after surgery. Mean maximum pain intensity was 4.71 ± 3.28 (range, 0-10) preoperatively, 4.04 ± 3.78 (range, 0-10) on the day of surgery, 5.75 ± 2.01 (range, 2-10) on day 1, 4.25 ± 1.89 (range, 2-10) on day 2, and 3.88 ± 1.54 (range, 2-8) on day 3 after surgery. Nineteen patients (79.2%) stated that they would have preferred more pain therapy. Conclusions: Patients undergoing eye enucleation report pain sensations in need of intervention in this university hospital. Thus, effective standardized pain treatment concepts are now a high priority to be established in an interdisciplinary manner containing standardized regimens and continuous regional procedures. Awareness of this problem in the medical team should be sharpened through targeted training and information.

The Development of a Multi-Modal Cancer Rehabilitation (Including Prehabilitation) Service in Sheffield, UK: Designing the Active Together Service.

Cancer patients undergoing major interventions face numerous challenges, including the adverse effects of cancer and the side effects of treatment. Cancer rehabilitation is vital in ensuring cancer patients have the support they need to maximise treatment outcomes and minimise treatment-related side effects and symptoms. The Active Together service is a multi-modal rehabilitation service designed to address critical support gaps for cancer patients. The service is located and provided in Sheffield, UK, an area with higher cancer incidence and mortality rates than the national average. The service aligns with local and regional cancer care objectives and aims to improve the clinical and quality-of-life outcomes of cancer patients by using lifestyle behaviour-change techniques to address their physical, nutritional, and psychological needs. This paper describes the design and initial implementation of the Active Together service, highlighting its potential to support and benefit cancer patients.