Treatment Option For NSCLC Research Articles

Relevance and accuracy of ChatGPT-generated NGS reports with treatment recommendations for oncogene-driven NSCLC.

1555 Background: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a routine clinical practice in advanced NSCLC. NGS reports are information-dense and clinical interpretation remains a challenge. ChatGPT is a large language model (LLM) AI chatbot that can generate text in response to user-generated prompts. We sought to assess the clinical relevance and accuracy of ChatGPT-generated NGS reports with first-line (1L) treatment recommendations for NSCLC patients with targetable driver oncogenes. Methods: Eight driver oncogenes with FDA-approved targeted treatment for 1L stage IV NSCLC were identified in the latest NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines available to the AI model (version 5, September 2021). The prompt, “Create a next-generation sequencing report with a list of first-line treatment options for a patient with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer with an [oncogenic driver].” was run in a separate “new chat” 10 times for each driver oncogene (n=80). Each ChatGPT output was recorded and scored. The Relevance Score (RS) awarded 1 point for every NCCN preferred option and 0.5 points for each “other recommended” treatment listed in the AI-generated output, divided by the maximum possible score for the driver oncogene. Spurious recommendations were awarded 0 points. The Accuracy Score (AS) represents reported treatment options listed in NCCN over the total number of treatments in a report. Percentage of reports listing an NCCN-preferred 1L therapy, a clinical trial as an option, and character and word count were also captured. Results: The average length of the AI-generated NGS reports was 117 words (range: 44 – 232). The median number of treatments recommended was 5 (range: 3 – 8). An oncogenic driver-specific preferred 1L treatment was included in 55 reports (68.8%), and a recommendation to explore clinical trials was listed in 43 reports (53.8%). The RS for the total sample was 0.59 (95% CI: 0.52 – 0.65), and the AS was 46.0% (95% CI: 40.2% – 51.8%). Conclusions: ChatGPT can rapidly generate concise NGS reports with treatment options for NSCLC with driver oncogenes. Recommendation relevance was moderate, and accuracy was limited with high variability across oncogenes. Overall, ChatGPT recommendations were promising given the complexity of the task with no prompting or training provided to the AI. As LLM AI platforms mature, they may generate more relevant and accurate NGS reports, offering a potentially valuable tool for NGS report annotation for clinicians, and increased accessibility for patients.[Table: see text]

Abstract 3006: Hyperoxia may be a treatment option for NSCLC

Abstract Introduction: Many anti-tumor drugs have been developed, however, prognosis of NSCLC remains poor and new approaches for NSCLC treatment are expected. Lung is a unique organ whose epithelial cells are directly exposed to oxygen. Hyperoxia produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces cell damage. Therefore we attempted to investigate the potential of hyperoxia as an anti-tumor treatment in NSCLC cells in this study. Methods: We used oxygen-concentration-adjustable incubators and validated effect of hyperoxia on various lung cancer cell lines in vitro. The effect of hyperoxia on cell proliferation, apoptosis and gene expression was evaluated using MTS assay, flowcytometry and cDNA microarray, respectively. Results: We found that the growth of lung cancer cell lines (A549, NCI-H1975) was inhibited by 50% of hyperoxia in a dose-dependent manner, while that of normal airway epithelial cells (NHBE, BEAS-2B) was not. Two independent pathway analysis using cDNA microarray revealed the activation of NF-kB and AMPK pathways, and the production of nitric oxide and ROS in hyperoxia (50%) treated lung cancer cell lines compared to untreated ones. The combined treatment with ABT-263, Bcl-2 inhibitor, and hyperoxia (50%) induced synergistic growth inhibition and apoptosis in NCI-H1975 and SK-MES-1 cells. Moreover, the combination of ABT-263 and activator of either ROS, NF-kB or AMPK also showed synergistic growth inhibition in those cells. Conclusions: Hyperoxia (50%) showed anti-tumor effect in NSCLC cell lines through the activation of NF-kB and AMPK pathways, and the production of ROS. The effect was augumented in combination with Bcl-2 inhibitor. Hyperoxia may be a treatment option for NSCLC patients. Citation Format: Junko Hamamoto, Hiroyuki Yasuda, Ichiro Nakachi, Michael G. Edwards, Masayoshi Miyawaki, Makoto Nishino, Aoi Kuroda, Tetsuo Tani, Daisuke Arai, Kota Ishioka, Ichiro Kawada, Katsuhiko Naoki, Tomoko Betsuyaku, Kenzo Soejima. Hyperoxia may be a treatment option for NSCLC. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3006. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3006