Treatment Of Young Adults Research Articles

Factors Affecting Satisfaction with the Process of Orthodontic Treatment in Young Adults: A Questionnaire Study

Introduction: Recently, there has been an increase in adults undergoing orthodontic treatment in both the public and the private sector. Satisfaction during and after the orthodontic treatment process has not been widely discussed so far, however, and few research studies have emphasized patient satisfaction with treatment outcome and the factors affecting patient satisfaction.Aim: To investigate factors affecting patient satisfaction with the process of orthodontic treatment in young adults.Material and methods: Fifty-eight patients (33 girls and 25 boys with a mean age of 25.05 years, SD 2.83) were included in the survey. All patients were young adults who had completed their orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and were taken from two centers (a teaching hospital and a private practice). Data was collected using online survey forms and was analyzed using content thematic analysis. Five main factors were identified related to patient satisfaction with the process of orthodontic treatment: communication, faculty (orthodontist), physical surroundings, consultation/appointments, and impact of appliance treatment.Results: Effective communication was the most prominent factor among all five factors considered, especially detailed explanation given during treatment and making patients feel comfortable under their care. Median values were generally high for satisfaction with treatment results. There was a clear correlation ( p < 0.001) between patient satisfaction and treatment outcome. Age, sex and treatment time did not have any correlation with treatment satisfaction.Conclusion: In general, young adults were observed to be satisfied with the treatment process, and good communication played a dominant role in this. Though there were many differences in working models between public and private sectors, many similarities were observed when comparing the factors between the two centers.

Efeitos da massagem rápida no estresse de praticantes de atividade física

A massagem é uma grande aliada na medicina oriental, e apesar de pouco utilizada na saúde, sua maior difusão vem sendo através das técnicas de relaxamento antiestresse. Portanto o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se um protocolo de massagem rápida atua de forma positiva no estresse de jovens adultos praticantes regulares de atividade física. Participaram do estudo 32 jovens adultos, divididos em grupo controle (n=15, idade: 22,73 ± 3,26 anos) e experimental (n=17, idade: 23,00 ± 2,81 anos). A massagem foi realizada em cadeira ergonômica padrão do projeto de extensão em massagem laboral. Cada sessão teve duração de 15 a 20 minutos, 2 vezes por semana, durante 6 semanas. O protocolo utilizado teve como foco o relaxamento muscular. O estresse foi medido através de um questionário de 20 questões, desenvolvido pelo Instituto para o Avanço da Ciência “Max Planck” (Alemanha) e pelo Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade de São Paulo. Observou-se um efeito significativo na redução do estresse no grupo experimental da primeira para a terceira semana e da terceira para a sexta semana. Além disso, foi possível observar também uma diferença significativa entre os grupos (p = 0,001). Portanto, concluímos que a massagem relaxante pode ser uma ferramenta auxiliar em um tratamento antiestresse para jovens adultos. Porém recomendamos que esta não seja aplicada de forma única no tratamento antiestresse.

The promise of immunotherapy in the treatment of young adults with oral tongue cancer.

Historically considered a disease of the older male resulting from cumulative tobacco and alcohol use, more recently we have witnessed a rise in the global incidence of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma in younger adults, particularly those without any identifiable risk factor exposure. These patients appear to be at higher overall risk for locoregional treatment failure and often experience a more heterogeneous clinical course, with some afflicted with particularly aggressive, rapidly progressive disease. Recent research efforts have supported the idea that although this disease may be genomically similar in these groups, and molecular differences in the tumor immune microenvironment may account for biological differences between young and older patients, as well as patients with and without exposure to alcohol or tobacco. In this review, we seek to summarize current knowledge regarding pathogenesis of oral tongue carcinoma in the young adult patient and examine the potential role of the immune response in disease progression and as a target for novel immunotherapies.

Predictive factors of diagnostic conversion from major depressive disorder to bipolar disorder in young adults ages 19–34: A nationwide population study in South Korea

BackgroundPredicting patients who convert to bipolar disorder is important for deciding appropriate treatment for young adults with major depressive disorder (MDD). We focused on the predictive factors of bipolar conversion in a large population of young adults. MethodsA nationwide, population-based electronic medical records database from the Health Insurance Review & Assessment service of South was used to investigate adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of each potential predictor of the bipolar converter group compared to the non-converter group using Cox regression analysis including age of onset, medication use, clinical features, comorbid disorders, admission, self-harm, and negative life events in childhood. ResultsAmong 291,721 subjects who were initially diagnosed with MDD in young adults, 12,376 subjects experienced diagnostic conversion to bipolar disorder. The cumulative incidence was 6.46% during the average 3.26 years of follow-up. Among the predictive factors during diagnosis of MDD, antipsychotic use (HR 3.12, 95%CI, 2.99–3.26, p < 0.0001) and mood stabilizers (HR 2.45, 95%CI, 2.35–2.55, p < 0.0001) showed the strongest association with diagnostic conversion to bipolar disorder. In addition, female sex, younger age of onset, mood stabilizer use, recurrent depression, psychotic symptoms, and admission to a psychiatric ward during diagnosis of MDD were also associated with diagnostic conversion to bipolar disorder. ConclusionIn young adults with MDD, antipsychotic and mood stabilizer use during diagnosis of MDD were the strongest predictive factors with diagnostic conversion to bipolar disorder during follow-up. If young adults with MDD need antipsychotics or mood stabilizer, patients should be carefully evaluated for possibility of bipolar disorder.

Osteochondroplasty for the Treatment of Young Adults with Femoroacetabular Impingement: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Osteochondroplasty for the Treatment of Young Adults with Femoroacetabular Impingement: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Associations between Self-Reported Daily Affect Ratings and Sleep Duration during the First Two Weeks of Antidepressant Therapy

ABSTRACT Background: In the context of a randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of augmenting fluoxetine treatment in young adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) using a modified repeated partial sleep deprivation protocol contrasting 2 weeks of restricted time in bed (i.e., 6 h TIB) to no time in bed restriction (i.e., 8 h TIB) the study examines whether sleep duration and the timing of repeated partial sleep deprivation predicts patient-reported affect ratings. Participants: Participants included 58 young adults with DSM-IV-diagnosed MDD. Methods: Daily ratings of affect and sleep were collected during the first 2 weeks of initiating fluoxetine treatment, yielding 630 person-days. Actigraphy monitoring was employed to assess compliance with time in bed condition. Results: Negative affect ratings and positivity ratios in the morning were more improved among participants assigned to the 6 h TIB condition compared to the 8 h TIB group. Participants whose bedtime was delayed by 2-h nightly demonstrated the most significant improvement in negative affect and positivity ratio during the first 2 weeks of fluoxetine therapy. Moreover, the trajectory of morning negative affect ratings in the first 2 weeks was predictive of remission after 4 weeks of fluoxetine therapy. Conclusions: These findings suggest that monitoring changes in daily affect may be a valuable marker of early treatment response in young adults with MDD.

Chronic Long Head Biceps Tendinitis Secondary to Anomalous Origins in Young Patients: A Case Series.

To describe a case series of young adult patients with isolated chronic proximal biceps tendinitis refractory to conservative care found to have anatomic long head biceps tendon (LHBT) origin variations who underwent arthroscopic-assisted subpectoral biceps tenodesis. Patients were included in this retrospective case series if they met all the following criteria: 1) had an anomalous origin of the LHBT without any pre-operative or concurrent pathologies at the time of surgery, 2) had non-traumatic anterior shoulder pain refractory to conservative care for >6 months, 3) pain relief with ultrasound guided steroid injections into the bicipital tendon sheath, and 4) routine radiographs and MRI-arthrogram demonstrating no pathology. All patients underwent arthroscopic assisted mini-open subpectoral biceps tenodesis. Pre- and post-operative active range of motion (ROM), strength, visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, and subjective shoulder values (SSV) were evaluated. Statistical analysis was done using repeated measure ANOVA. Seven patients mean age of 18.4 ± 3.5 years old were included in this study. Arthroscopic examination revealed anomalous origins of the LHBT in all patients with the following distribution: medial to superior labrum (x2), proximal insertion to the supraspinatus confluent with the superior labrum (x2), insertion into the superior capsular tissues at the rotator interval (x2), and bifid LHBT (x1). VAS score and SSV were significantly improved at 3 months (p <0.001 and = 0.024 respectively) and final follow-up. Anomalous origins of the LHBT may be a predisposing factor for chronic biceps tendinitis refractory to non-operative treatment in young adults. Biceps tenodesis seems to offer improvements in function and pain.

Stigma, Misunderstanding Among the Barriers to MAT Treatment

Stigma, Misunderstanding Among the Barriers to MAT Treatment

6.4 HOW TO IMPLEMENT BRIEF TRANSDIAGNOSTIC PARENT TRAINING WITH YOUNG ADULTS

Though many clinicians may be hesitant to include parents in the treatment of young adults, brief transdiagnostic parent training (BTPT) is a valuable approach for these patients.

Participatory Peer Research in the Treatment of Young Adults With Mild Intellectual Disabilities and Severe Behavioral Problems.

This study provides an illustration of a research design complementary to randomized controlled trial to evaluate program effects, namely, participatory peer research (PPR). The PPR described in current study was carried out in a small sample (N = 10) of young adults with mild intellectual disabilities (MID) and severe behavioral problems. During the PPR intervention, control and feedback to individuals is restored by training them to become participant‐researchers, who collaborate in a small group of people with MID. Their research is aimed at the problems the young adults perceive and/or specific subjects of their interest. The study was designed as a multiple case study with an experimental and comparison group. Questionnaires and a semistructured interview were administered before and after the PPR project. Results of Reliable Change Index (RCI) analyses showed a decrease in self‐serving cognitive distortions in the PPR group, but not in the comparison group. These results indicate that PPR helps to compensate for a lack of adequate feedback and control, and in turn may decrease distorted thinking and thereby possibly later challenging behavior.

Attention Bias Modification Treatment for Young Adults With Major Depressive Disorder

Attention Bias Modification Treatment for Young Adults With Major Depressive Disorder

Internet-delivered treatment for young adults with anxiety and depression: Evaluation in routine clinical care and comparison with research trial outcomes

IntroductionMood and anxiety disorders typically emerge in adolescence and early adult life, but young adults are often reluctant to seek treatment. The Mood Mechanic course is a transdiagnostic internet-delivered psychological intervention for symptoms of depression and anxiety, targeted at people aged 18–24 years. The current study compared the efficacy of the course when delivered under strict research trial conditions (research trial; n = 192) with its effectiveness in a routine health-care setting (routine care; n = 222). MethodsSymptoms of depression, anxiety and general distress at baseline, during, and after treatment were measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and Kessler 10-Item Scale (K-10), respectively. ResultsBoth groups showed significant symptom reductions on all measures at post-treatment and 3-month follow-up. Deterioration rates were low, within-group effect sizes were large (>1.0) and both groups reported high levels of treatment satisfaction. Patients in routine care were less likely to complete post-treatment or follow-up symptom questionnaires. LimitationsThe study is based on self-reported data from treatment-seeking individuals that were motivated enough to start the course, and the absence of a control group and a formal diagnosis in the routine care sample means that some caution is needed in generalising the results. ConclusionThe results show that the Mood Mechanic course is effective and acceptable in routine clinical care, and that online psychological interventions designed for young adults are an effective treatment option for this hard-to-reach group.

Treatment Retention and Outcomes with the Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach in Emerging Adults with Opioid Use

ABSTRACTTreatment retention and engagement of emerging adults with opioid use disorders can be particularly challenging. This study compares treatment outcomes of young adults with primary opioid use (OU) to those with primary marijuana or alcohol use (MAU), who received the Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach (A-CRA), an evidence-based therapy for the treatment of substance use. The MAU and OU groups were comprised of an outcome sample of 419 young adults ages 18–25. Groups were compared on intake demographics, clinical characteristics, and measures of treatment retention and other associated factors, including treatment initiation and engagement. Outcome measures were administered at A-CRA intake and at 3, 6, and 12 months post-intake. Both groups were similar in treatment retention, initiation, and engagement. Both groups showed a similar decrease in alcohol (p < .001) and marijuana use (p < .001). The OU group had significantly less opioid use at 3 months (p < .001) and maintained this decrease, but did not improve to the level observed in the MAU group at the 12-month follow-up. The Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach merits further study as a behavioral treatment for young adults with opioid use.

Parent's Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Body Mass, and Chronic Disease Status Is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Young Adults: A Preliminary Study.

We sought to determine if there was an intergenerational association between parental weight, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and disease status, with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) in their young adult offspring. Young adults (n = 270, 21 ± 1 years, 53.3% female) were assessed for MetSyn and self-reported parent’s CRF, body mass status, and disease status. MetSyn was present in 11.9% of participants, 27.4% had one or two components, and 58.5% had no components. A significantly higher percentage (93.9%) of young adults with MetSyn identified at least one parent as being overweight or obese, 84.8% reported low parental CRF and 87.9% reported a parent with disease (all p < 0.017). MetSyn in offspring is more likely when parents are perceived to have low CRF, increased body mass, and a diagnosis of disease. Evaluating the offspring of people with low CRF, elevated body mass, or who have a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) or diabetes should be considered to promote early identification and treatment of young adults to reduce future premature CVD in these at-risk individuals.

Endothelial Dysfunction Marker Variation in Young Adults with Chronic Apical Periodontitis before and after Endodontic Treatment

IntroductionCardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Apical periodontitis (AP) has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. A correlation has been shown between chronic AP and endothelial dysfunction (ED), but there is no evidence to indicate ED improves after endodontic treatment in patients with periapical lesions. The aim of this study was to investigate vascular and molecular markers of early ED before and after root canal treatment in young adults with chronic AP. MethodsTwenty control subjects and 21 patients with AP were assessed at baseline. The AP patients were also evaluated 2 and 12 months post-treatment. Endothelial flow reserve was assessed via an endothelial function test, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to evaluate plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha; vasoconstrictor ED marker endothelin (ET)-1; circulating endothelial adhesion markers intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1)/CD54 and soluble vascular cellular adhesion molecule (sVCAM)-1/CD106; soluble CD14; and the endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule (E-selectin). ResultsAP was associated with increased serum levels of ET-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin, IL-1, and sCD14, suggesting early vascular ED, with no macroscopic evidence of a reduction in endothelial flow reserve. Root canal treatment ameliorated inflammation and early ED, lowering plasma levels of IL-1, sCD14, ET-1, ICAM-1/CD54, and E-selectin to those of control subjects. ConclusionsOur findings suggest that AP may drive early vascular ED and that the endodontic therapy of AP ameliorates early ED.

Adherence to guidelines for pharmacological treatment of young adults with myocardial infarction in Poland: Data from Polish Registry of Acute Coronary Syndromes (PL-ACS).

Myocardial infarction (MI) in young adults accounts for up to 10% of all cases. Regarding life expectancy and professional activity, it is extremely important to restore and maintain young patients' full performance. Therefore, secondary prevention is especially vital in this group of patients. The paper focuses on the analysis of pharmacotherapy in young MI patients in Poland, assessing disparities between the European Society of Cardiology guidelines and clinical practice, and regional differences among the provinces. The analysis was conducted using the data from a nationwide, observational, multicentre, prospective study-the Polish Registry of Acute Coronary Syndromes (PL-ACS). The data were collected from patients ≤45years old with MI who were hospitalized in the period 2010-2014. A retrospective study included 6367 MI patients. They constituted 3.9% of all the patients with MI in Poland. Despite the fact that during hospitalization regional differences were observed in case of acetylsalicylic acid (range 70.3%-93.8%), β-blockers (range 50.0%-79.6%), statins (range 53.4%-85.7%) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (range 46.9%-75.0%), the majority of patients received the drugs according to the guidelines. Regional differences found at discharge also regarded those medications, but the range of observed variations was smaller. On average, three-quarter of patients received guideline-recommended medications. Still, in some provinces, almost a quarter of patients were administered those medications only at discharge. In the study population, there were significant differences between the provinces regarding pharmacotherapy during hospitalization, which concerned major groups of medications. However, pharmacotherapy indicated at discharge revealed fewer regional differences and adhered to guideline recommendations to a greater extent. Nevertheless, there is still some room for improvement, especially with regard to pharmacotherapy during hospitalization.

ADHERENCE TO TREATMENT OF YOUNG ADULTS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF COMPLEX THINKING

ABSTRACT Objetive: to understand the adherence to treatment of young adults with HIV/AIDS treated in a specialized care service from the perspective of complex thinking. Method: a qualitative study, with the data grounded theory approach. Twelve young adults aged from 15 to 24 years old living with HIV/AIDS, nine health professionals and four mothers participated in the study. Data was obtained from interviews conducted between April and September 2016 and analyzed using the constant comparative method. Results: the adherence to treatment of young adults with HIV/AIDS has been understood as a dynamic, multifactorial and constantly changing phenomenon. This process involves multiple aspects, including fear of becoming ill, physical and social death, discrimination and stigma. It was found that even in the face of these difficulties, young adults decide to continue their treatment in search of normalization of health, a long and common life like other young people who do not live with HIV/AIDS. Conclusion: it was considered that in view of the complex and changing phenomenon, adherence to treatment of young adults with HIV/AIDS should be understood and managed by health professionals.

Early-onset colorectal cancer in young individuals.

Treatment of young adults with colorectal cancer (CRC) represents an unmet clinical need, especially as diagnosis in this population might lead to the greatest loss of years of life. Since 1994, CRC incidence in individuals younger than 50 years has been increasing by 2% per year. The surge in CRC incidence in young adults is particularly alarming as the overall CRC frequency has been decreasing. Early‐onset CRC are characterized by a more advanced stage at diagnosis, poorer cell differentiation, higher prevalence of signet ring cell histology, and left colon‐sided location of the primary tumor. Among EO‐CRC, approximately 30% of patients are affected by tumors harboring mutations causing hereditary cancer predisposing syndromes, and 20% have familial CRC. Most notably, the remaining 50% of EO‐CRC patients have neither hereditary syndromes nor familial CRC, thus representing a formidable challenge for research. In this review article we summarize epidemiology, clinical and molecular features, heredity and outcome of treatments of EO‐CRC, and provide considerations for future perspectives.

Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa: An Updated Review of Evidence-Based Treatments

Eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), are highly prevalent in child, adolescent, and young adult treatment populations. The illness results in significant medical comorbidity, and a multidisciplinary team is often necessary to adequately target symptoms and ensure safe renourishment. Participants will learn about the following: 1) the medical assessment and treatment of adolescent eating disorders, including history, physical exam, laboratory assessment, and treatment of malnutrition; 2) psychological and mental health assessment and treatment approaches in both inpatient and outpatient settings, with a focus on evidence-based interventions where available; and 3) adaptations to family-based treatment, an evidence-based psychotherapy for adolescent eating disorders, that can improve clinical outcomes in a challenging patient population.

Treatment of young adults with Philadelphia-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoblastic lymphoma: Hyper-CVAD vs. pediatric-inspired regimens.

For young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, pediatric-based regimens are likely to provide the following when compared to hyper-CVAD regimens: better disease control, less hospitalization time, diminished acute toxicities, decreased financial cost, more quality-adjusted life years, and fewer adverse late effects, such as infertility, myelodysplasia, and second malignant neoplasms. There are also reasons to expect less cardiac and cognitive dysfunction after pediatric regimens. The improved quality and quantity of life associated with pediatric regimens renders them preferable to hyper-CVAD regimens for the treatment of Philadelphia-negative B-precursor or T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoblastic lymphoma in young adults.