Wastewater Treatment Research Articles

CHLORINE RESIDUALS IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT: IMPLICATIONS FOR PATHOGEN INACTIVATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

Chlorine residuals are a critical component of wastewater treatment systems. Inactivation of pathogens is a crucial goal to protect public health and stop the spread of waterborne illnesses. The purpose of this study is to find out more about the use of chlorination to dominate all pathogenic bacteria in a safe environment. The method used in this paper is an approach to literature review, which is carried out by publishing articles, including browsing the internet, Google Scholar, and related journals. The study highlights the importance of understanding the relationship between the chlorine doses given and the resulting concentration of the residuals. In addition, the study emphasizes the potential consequences of an ecosystem, such as excessive algae growth and the contribution of methane gas production to greenhouse effects. Our findings focus on the need for a comprehensive approach to managing chlorine residuals, considering aspects of health in humans, effective inactivation that is pathogenic, and preserving the environment for long-term sustainability.

A Case Study on Recycling Industrial Wastewater with Nanofiltration Membrane Separation Technology

As pressure on water resources intensifies and stringent regulations for groundwater and surface water are enacted, wastewater recycling has emerged as a key research objective for many enterprises. In this study, based on the actual wastewater discharged from Eternal Electronic (Suzhou, China) Co., Ltd., the performance differences in different membrane materials in treating this wastewater were analyzed and compared. The NF90 membrane was ultimately selected as the most suitable choice for treating this wastewater with optimal operating conditions of 150 psi, 25 °C, and 1 L/min, respectively. All the indices of wastewater treatment can satisfy the standard of circulating cooling water. In addition, this work is closely combined with the practical applications by using an HCl solution (pH = 3–4) to clean the fouled membranes, thus effectively solving the membrane fouling in the treatment process. This approach not only satisfies the environmental management requirements of enterprises but also provides valuable insights for similar wastewater treatment projects.

Effectiveness of Cooking Procedures in Reducing Antibiotic Residues in Bivalves

Background/Objectives: The widespread use of antibiotics, which wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) cannot fully remove, in human and veterinary medicine leads to their release into wastewater, resulting in the contamination of aquatic environments. Bivalves can accumulate these antibiotics, posing a risk to shellfish consumers, including potential antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to assess how three cooking methods—marinating, steaming, and grilling—affect the concentration of 33 different antibiotics in bivalves fortified at the level of maximum residue limit (MRL) and twice the MRL (2MRL). Results: The data show the percentage of antibiotic remaining after cooking: 100% indicates stability or no reduction; values above 100% show an increase in concentration, and values below 100% reflect a decrease in antibiotic concentration. In general, all culinary procedures removed part of the added antibiotics. However, the most effective method was marinating (47%), followed by steaming (60%) and finally grilling (92%). It was also found that, overall, the fortification level, MRL or 2MRL, did not impact antibiotic removal in each cooking method. Moreover, different antibiotics’ classes presented diverse removals when cooked, ranging between 0% for penicillins and 73% for sulphonamides. Furthermore, the results showed a great diversity of responses to cooking within some antibiotic classes. Methods: After cooking, the analysis was based on solid–liquid extraction followed by liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ToF-MS). Conclusions: The ongoing monitoring of antibiotic levels is essential, and further research is needed to understand how cooking affects these substances and their metabolites. This will help assess the real risk to consumers and guide risk-mitigation measures.

Potential of culturing microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Nannochloropsis oculata with aquaculture wastewater for simultaneous aquafeed production and wastewater remediation

Aquaculture expansion has resulted in nutrient pollution in aquatic ecosystems, primarily due to nitrogen-rich effluents, leading to eutrophication and degraded water quality. Although conventional wastewater treatment methods are effective, they are often costly and environmentally risky. Microalgae offer a promising alternative, enabling both wastewater remediation and the production of nutrient-rich biomass. However, most research has mainly focused on nutrient removal efficiencies, with relatively little attention given to the quality of the microalgal biomass and its suitability for simultaneous aquafeed production. This study evaluates the growth, nutritional content, and nutrient removal efficiencies of Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) and Nannochloropsis oculata (N. oculata) in synthetic aquaculture wastewater (AW). The findings reveal that both species showed significant growth in AW and F/2 media, with N. oculata reaching the highest cell density (17.6 × 10⁶ cells/mL) in AW. After seven days, C. vulgaris removed 83.7 ± 0.42% of nutrients in AW and 78.0 ± 4.35% in F/2, while N. oculata achieved 71.3 ± 1.50% and 72.3 ± 10.0%, respectively. Biomass from both species was also rich in protein (35.9–57.4%) and carbohydrates (12.7–40.9%). Particularly, N. oculata produced 46% dw protein and 40.9% dw carbohydrates in aquaculture wastewater, with protein levels higher than most previously reported values in such conditions. Additionally, with over 71% nutrient removal in only seven days, a longer culture duration and higher initial biomass inoculum could further enhance the efficiency. These findings highlight the potential of N. oculata and C. vulgaris for sustainable aquaculture, effectively treating aquaculture wastewater and producing high-quality aquafeed biomass, thereby supporting environmentally friendly and cost-effective practices.

Preparation of Alumina Oxo-Cluster/Cellulose Polymers and Dye Adsorption Application

Aluminum oxide clusters (AlOCs) possess high surface areas and customizable pore structures, making them applicable in the field of environmental remediation. However, their practical use is hindered by stability issues, aggregation tendencies, and recycling challenges. This study presents an in-situ synthesis of AlOCs on cellulose using a solvent thermal method. The resulting adsorbent’s structural and property profiles were thoroughly characterized using multiple analytical techniques. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to assess the adsorbent’s capacity and kinetics in removing selected dyes from aqueous solutions. Additionally, both real-environment simulation and regeneration experiments have been conducted to thoroughly assess the adsorbent’s reliability, stability, and practical applicability. The aim was to engineer an effective and recyclable adsorbent specifically tailored for dye-contaminated wastewater treatment.

Upflow blanket filter anammox (UBFA) system treating low-nitrogen wastewater: high-efficient nitrogen removal, granules formation, N2O emission, and microbial succession.

This research provides an important approach for low-nitrogen wastewater treatment through anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox), and Anammox granule sludge (AnGS) in the Upflow. Blanket Filter Anammox (UBFA) system through shortening the hydraulic retention time was successfully cultivated. The percentage of medium granules (1.0-2.0mm) with the highest Anammox activity increased from 0 to 28.5%, and the proportion of flocs (0-200μm) reduced from 84.5% to 17.6%. Through the multidimensional analysis of AnGS, the relationship between AnGS and EPS secretion, low SVI, high PN/PS, multiple filamentous bacteria, and AnAOB were explored. Microelectrode tracing tests demonstrated that the main anammox reaction active layer was 0-1500μm, and the highest activity was observed at 200-400μm, whereas denitrification activity and N2O production were mainly distributed in the granules deep layer of 1500-2500μm. The research showed that Candidatus Brocadia and Candidatus Kuenenia were the predominant anammox species in the UBFA system, while the abundance of AnAOB was higher in medium granules.

Green Synthesis of Silver-Incorporated Rutile TiO2 for Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Ciprofloxacin and Carmine G Dye Pollutants

Developing sustainable TiO2-based photocatalysts for environmental remediation is an increasingly significant area of research. However, a limited understanding of the long-term ecological impact of these photocatalysts poses a barrier to their practical and industrial-scale applications. To address this challenge, this work employed a green synthesis approach to prepare an Ag/TiO2 photocatalyst designed to improve environmental compatibility and enhance efficiency in pollutant degradation. Ag/TiO2 was synthesized using mushroom biomass as a natural capping to evaluate its effectiveness in the degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and azo Carmine G dye (ACGD). The mushroom biomass served as a renewable cost-effective support for Ag incorporation, while the Ag modification of TiO2 could enhance the photocatalyst’s performance. Structural, chemical, and morphological characterization techniques were applied and showed that the Ag/TiO2 particles consisted of irregularly shaped nanoparticles. The CIP removal reached 82.46% after 300 min and ACGD removal efficiency went up to 83.64%. The enhanced performance is attributed to the unique electronic and structural properties of Ag-modified TiO2. This study highlights the potential of Ag/TiO2 synthesized via green methods as a high-performance photocatalyst for the effective remediation of pharmaceutical and dye pollutants in wastewater treatment applications.

High activity and specificity of bacteriophage cocktails against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae belonging to the high-risk clones CG258 and ST307

IntroductionThe widespread clinical and environmental dissemination of successful clones of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) represents a serious global public health threat. In this context, lytic bacteriophages have emerged as a promising alternative for controlling these pathogens. This study describes the biological, structural, and genomic characteristics of lytic bacteriophages against the high-risk CRKP clones CG258 and ST307 and describes their performance in combination.MethodsAn experimental study was carried out. Bacteriophages were isolated from hospital wastewater and from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Bacteriophages were isolated using the double layer agar technique and their characterization included host range (individual and cocktail), plating efficiency (EOP), infection or bacterial killing curve, one-step curve, bacteriophage stability at pH and temperature conditions, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and whole genome sequencing.ResultsAfter purification, five active bacteriophages against CRKP were obtained, three bacteriophages (FKP3, FKP4 and FKP14) had targeted activities against CG258 CRKP and two (FKP10 and FKP12) against ST307 isolates. Seven cocktails were prepared, of which Cocktail 2, made up of the bacteriophages FKP3, FKP10, and FKP14, showed the best activity against 85.7% (n = 36/42) of CRKP isolates belonging to both clones, CG258 (80.8%; n = 21/26) and ST307 (93.8%, n = 15/16). The efficiency of the plating (EOP), infection curve, and one-step growth curve showed that the cocktail phages efficiently infected other CRKP isolates (EOP ≥ 0.5), controlled bacterial growth up to 73.5%, and had short latency periods, respectively, (5–10 min). In addition, they were stable at temperatures between 4°C and 50°C and pH between 4 and 10. All bacteriophages belonged to the Caudoviricetes class, and no genes associated with virulence factors or antibiotic resistance were detected.ConclusionThese findings showed bacteriophages and phage cocktails with high specificity against CRKP belonging to the successful clones CG258 and ST307 with promising characteristics, making them an alternative for controlling these clones in different environmental or health settings, biocontrol agents, or disinfectants in industry and in the field of diagnosis.

Green Nanoengineered Keratin Derived Bio‐Adsorbent for Heavy Metals Removal from Aqueous Media

AbstractExploiting poultry chicken feathers, a keratin‐rich by‐product offers a sustainable raw material for bio‐adsorbents in water remediation. This study developed a bio‐adsorbent from chicken feathers keratin (CFK), functionalized with surface‐modified graphene oxide (SMGO). The bio‐adsorbent was tested for adsorbing metal cations (Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Co) and oxyanions (As, Se, Cr) from water contaminated with 600 µg/L of each metal at pH 5.5, 7.5, and 10.5. Results showed optimal removal efficiencies at pH 7.5, with anions achieving ≥91.10% for As (III), ≥89.55% for Cr (VI), and ≥74.33% for Se (IV). Cations removal reached 96.34% for Co (II), 97.36% for Ni (II), 99.03% for Cd (II), 99.21% for Pb (II), and 59.06% for Zn (II). Kinetic studies indicated rapid initial uptake within the first 6 hours, reaching equilibrium at 24 hours. The bio‐adsorbent maintained high adsorption capacities over four regeneration cycles with minimal efficiency loss, showing strong stability and reusability. Removal efficiency followed the order: Pb (II) 〉 Cd (II) 〉 Ni (II) 〉 Co (II) 〉 Zn (II), correlating with their ionic radii. Ni2+ adsorbed more effectively than Co2+ due to a smaller ionic radius and stronger electrostatic attraction. These findings highlight CFK‐SMGO's efficacy in wastewater treatment, promoting bio‐based sustainable adsorbents.

Effect of Differentially Charged Polystyrene Nanoplastics on the Performance of Biological Denitrification in Wastewater Treatment

Nanoplastics are widely distributed in the environment and can accumulate in organisms. Increasing attention has been paid to the toxic effects of nanoplastics in wastewater biological treatment processes. In this study, polystyrene nanoplastics with different charges were synthesized and used in sequencing batch activated sludge reactors for short-term nanoplastic exposure experiments. Both positively and negatively charged nanoplastics inhibited the nitrogen removal efficiency and gene expressions of nitrification and denitrification-related genes of activated sludge. The inhibiting effect on nitrification of both nanoplastics was enhanced with increasing concentration. The study further evaluated the molecular mechanisms by which differently charged nanoplastics affect denitrification efficiency using the model denitrifying bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri （P. stutzeri）. The results showed that both positively and negatively charged nanoplastics affected the efficiency of biological denitrification by P. stutzeri, mainly including the promotion of NO3- to NO2- conversion and the significant acceleration of N2O production. Meanwhile, negatively charged nanoplastics inhibited the growth of P. stutzeri and disrupted the cell membrane of the bacterium； however, no change was observed in the expression of denitrification-related functional genes and the nanoplastics might have affected the enzymatic activities of Nir and Nos, which in turn affected the bioprocessing efficiency. This study can provide a certain reference for the evaluation of the biosafety of nanoplastics and provide a certain support for the stable operation of wastewater treatment plants.

Photoluminescence and Dye Adsorption Mechanism of Dehydrated Carbon Quantum Dots

The role of oxygen-based functional groups in the photoluminescence of dehydrated carbon dots (DCs) and the adsorption mechanism of dye molecules onto the surface of DC is investigated. DC were prepared from orange peel for the first time via the chemical dehydration effect of sulfuric and phosphoric acid at 180 oC. We compared the emission spectra of DCs in different solvents in great detail. The solvatochromism of DC in different solvents is discussed. The role of oxygen-based functional groups in the light emission process is examined. Adsorption of methylene blue (MB) on the surface of DC was studied at different contact times, pH, concentrations, and temperatures. In this work, we used Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models for the analysis. Sorption kinetic data were found to fit well with the pseudo-second-order model. Our results also showed increased MB adsorption capability with temperature. The results are essential for the application of CQDs, such as in wastewater treatment. Keywords: Photoluminescence; Adsorption; Solvatochromism; Carbon dots; Methylene blue (MB).

Advanced Low–Cost Natural Materials for High–Performance Oil–Water Filtration Membranes: Achievements, Challenges, and Future Directions

The development of affordable ceramic membranes is essential for reducing expenses and optimizing the treatment of oily wastewater. There is an urgent demand for membranes that are not only affordable and easy to operate but also stable and capable of managing high fluxes to address the increasing volumes of oily wastewater. The significant production demands associated with many commercially available ceramic membranes, primarily due to the use of specialised raw materials and intricate processing methods, limiting their suitability for many wastewater treatment applications. Consequently, there is a rising interest in creating innovative ceramic membranes using affordable materials and simpler production techniques. This study reviewed the oil–water ceramic membranes utilizing affordable natural ceramic materials aimed at improving membrane performance. It focused on reviewing the environmentally friendly and economically viable membranes derived from natural ceramic resources as an alternative to conventional synthetic membranes. These natural ceramic materials possess crucial properties like hydrophilicity and oleophobicity, which are vital for effective oil–water separation. The ceramic membranes were reviewed for their filtration performance and advantages. It was reported that these natural ceramic material-based membranes demonstrate superior separation efficiency, and strong mechanical stability, making them promising candidates for sustainable water treatment.

Algal synthetic communities in industrial wastewater treatment: hurdles and opportunities

Algal synthetic communities in industrial wastewater treatment: hurdles and opportunities

Green and Eco-Friendly Egg White–TiO2 Hydrogel with Enhanced Antimicrobial, Adsorptive, and Photocatalytic Properties

The design of multi-purpose decontaminants with environmentally friendly characteristics, low cost, and high efficiency in removing pollutants from the environment is an effective and economic strategy for maintaining the long-term development of the ecosystem. Based on the strategy of killing two birds with one stone, an egg white (EW)/TiO2 hydrogel with a porous structure is devised as a bio-adsorbent using waste eggs nearing their expiration date for simultaneously achieving the efficient removal of organic dyes and the inactivation of microorganisms from industrial wastewater. The characterizations of its morphology and composition using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) theory, energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) validate the successful synthesis of EW/TiO2. The maximum adsorption capacity of EW/TiO2 is 333.172 mg∙mL−1 according to the Langmuir model. The photodegradation of a methyl blue (MB) solution under irradiation via a xenon lamp is used to assess the photocatalytic behavior of EW/TiO2. Among the different samples, the 5 wt% TiO2-doped EW/TiO2 hydrogel shows an efficiency of 99% for 120 min of irradiation. Finally, the antibacterial properties of the EW/TiO2 hydrogel are evaluated by calculating its bacterial survival rate against Escherichia coli (E. coli). The EW/TiO2 photocatalyst exhibits a photocatalytic inactivation efficiency of 90.4%, indicating that the EW/TiO2 hydrogel possesses positive antibacterial activity via effectively inhibiting the growth of the bacteria, which is suitable for industrial wastewater treatment over a long period of time.

Robust, Antifouling, and Hydrophilic Particle-Based Double-Network Hydrogel-PVDF Interpenetrating Microfiltration Membrane.

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes with highly hydrophilic and antifouling properties are desirable for oily wastewater treatment. Herein, we report (1) a strategy of bulk modification of PVDF by in situ integration of PVDF and a particle-based double-network (PDN) hydrogel, poly-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate/polyacrylamide (PAMPS/PAAm), via a strong PDN and PVDF interpenetrating polymer network (PDN-PVDF IPN) to obtain a PVDF/PDN solution and (2) the subsequent casting of it into a microfiltration membrane via spray-assisted non-solvent-induced phase separation (SANIPS). The IPN structure modulates the surface segregation behavior of the highly hydrophilic and robust PDN hydrogel in the process of SANIPS, endowing the resulting PVDF/PDN membrane with excellent bulk mechanical properties and much enhanced wettability and thereby high oil/water emulsion separation efficiency and antifouling performance. Moreover, the PVDF/PDN membrane presented good chemical stability upon soaking in strongly acidic and alkaline solutions for an extensive time. Our work expands the research in phase-inversion-based antifouling oil/water separation materials.

Development of a Novel Mixed-Metal-Organic Framework: An Innovative Photocatalyst for Simultaneous Cr(VI) Reduction and Phenol Degradation.

The direct use of sunlight as an infinite source of energy for wastewater treatment is an overwhelming idea. For this aim, the development of novel and practical photocatalysts has been the main challenge of researchers. Among the different methodologies used, the introduction of multifunctional MOFs as photocatalysts shows a great deal of potential. Here, a simple and useful approach for the synthesis of rare mixed-valence, mixed-metal organic frameworks (MM-MOF) [Fe2CoO(TPBTM6)(H2O)3]n (Fe2CoMOF) [H6TPBTM: N,N',N″-Tris(isophthalyl)-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxamide] was investigated using a one-step hydrothermal approach. Applying mixed-metal clusters as preformed SBUs introduces multifunctionality into the MOF structure, leading to high performance in wastewater treatment. The coexistence of Fe3+ and Co2+ leads to super photocatalytic ability of the structure. Therefore, the catalytic activity of Fe2CoMOF was explored for concurrent photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction and phenol degradation. For a better understanding of the cooperative reaction among Cr(VI) reduction and phenol oxidation, methodical tests were conducted to disclose the Cr(VI), phenol, and MOF functions in the photocatalytic procedures. The influence of the primary substrate concentration and pH on the reduction procedure was also examined empirically.

Floating treatment wetland for decontamination of crystal violet dye from simulated industrial wastewater

The present study investigated the treatment of simulated industrial wastewater containing dye using a floating treatment wetland (FTW). This study used FTWs, vegetated with Potamogeton pusillus to remove crystal violet dye from synthetic industrial wastewater. The FTW pilot plant consists of three glass tanks (30*30*60) cm; each tank contains the Potamogeton pusillus plant with the same characteristics. The outcomes revealed that the maximum uptake of crystal violet dye was at a retention time of 72 hours, with a removal efficiency of 95.12 % at a pH of 5 and an initial dye concentration of 5mg/L. The minimum removal efficacy (68.42 %) of crystal violet dye was investigated at a pH of 9, initial dye concentration of 12mg/L, and retention time of 24 hr. The FTWs application successfully is an inexpensive and environmentally friendly approach for removing crystal violet dye from simulated industrial wastewater.

The Effect of the Mixing Ratio of Sewage Sludge and Organic Fraction of Municipals Solid Waste on Biogas Production in Anaerobic Digestion Process

Anaerobic digestion was the best way to treat organic waste biologically. It uses microorganisms to biodegrade biosolids without oxygen, producing biogas and compost. The study involved conducting batch experiments to investigate biogas and fertilizer production. Three digestive systems (A, B, and C) with three different mixing ratios were operated simultaneously and had a retention time of thirty-five days. The organic fraction of municipal solid waste, sewage sludge, and bacteria were employed in the experiments. The Al-Rustamiyah wastewater treatment plant was the source of the sewage sludge. The organic municipal solid waste fraction was utilized as materials, including fruit peels, rotten fruits, vegetable peels, eggshells, rotten vegetables, and garden leaves. The bacterial strain used in this research was E. coli, isolated directly from the local sewage sample and selected as an eco-friendly bacteria after conducting many tests. The digester's initial temperature was 30 °C, and it reached a high of 42 °C on the 16th day. Three digesters had initial pH values (6.7, 6.3, 6) and final values (7.3, 7.1, 7). The results showed good anaerobic digestion performance. The digester (C) achieved the highest biogas production, with a maximum cumulative biogas production value of 0.0549 m3. It also demonstrated removal efficiencies of 78.30% for TS, 89.13% for VS, 86.36% for BOD5, and 80.5% for COD. Additionally, the moisture content was measured at 43.30%. The anaerobic digestion’s final product was used as a high-quality fertilizer.

Optimized Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Using Titaniferous Sand/ZnO Composite: A Sustainable Approach to Wastewater Treatment

This study explores a novel approach to enhancing photocatalytic efficiency by utilizing an industrial residue, titaniferous sand, in combination with ZnO. The purifying efficiency of this semiconductor mixture was studied for the removal of methylene blue in a fixed-bed reactor. The main objective was to find out with what percentage the titaniferous sand could be incorporated into the ZnO for maximum photocatalytic performance. Box-Behnken Design (BBD) in the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the operative parameters. The influence of titaniferous sand/ZnO ratio (A:1-2.8), pH (B:4-10) and irradiation time (C:120-480 minutes) on the degradation efficiency of the dye was studied. Initial concentrations of methyl blue and total semiconductor mixture were set at 25 mg/L and 10 g/L, respectively. The ANOVA analysis showed that the photocatalytic process was significantly affected by a positive individual effect of the titaniferous sand/ZnO ratio and the irradiation time. A quadratic polynomial of the second order accurately represented the experimental values with a correlation coefficient R2 of 0.9921. In addition, this model had a p-value of less than 0.0001 and an F-value of 84.09. Thus, the model used was quite appropriate. Optimal conditions were obtained for a ratio (titaniferous sand/ZnO) of 1.51057, i.e. a titaniferous sand percentage of 66%, a pH of 9.97487 and an irradiation time of 479.765 minutes. Under these conditions, a degradation of 99.4915% was obtained. In addition, the photocatalytic degradation kinetics of methylene blue on the titaniferous sand and ZnO mixture followed the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model and was of the first order with an apparent kinetic constant of 0.402 h-1.

Evaluation of Trends in Influenza A and B Viruses in Wastewater and Human Surveillance Data: Insights from the 2022–2023 Season in Italy

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a recognized, dynamic approach to monitoring the transmission of pathogens in communities through urban wastewater. This study aimed to detect and quantify influenza A and B viruses in Italian wastewater during the 2022–2023 season (October 2022 to April 2023). A total of 298 wastewater samples were collected from 67 wastewater treatment plants (WTPs) across the country. These samples were analyzed for influenza A and B viruses (IAV, IBV) using primers originally developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for real-time PCR and adapted for digital PCR. The overall detection rates of IAV and IBV across the entire study period were 19.1% and 16.8%, respectively. The prevalence of IAV in wastewater showed a gradual increase from October to December 2022, peaking at 61% in December. In contrast, IBV peaked at 36% in February 2023. This temporal discrepancy in peak concentrations suggests different seasonal patterns for the two influenza types. These trends mirrored human surveillance data, which showed influenza A cases peaking at 46% in late December and declining to around 2% by April 2023, and influenza B cases starting to increase significantly in January 2023 and peaking at about 14% in March. IAV concentrations ranged from 9.80 × 102 to 1.94 × 105 g.c./L, while IBV concentrations ranged from 1.07 × 103 to 1.43 × 104 g.c./L. Overall, the environmental data were consistent with the human surveillance trends observed during the study period in the country. These results demonstrate the value of WBE in tracking epidemiological patterns and highlight its potential as a complementary tool to infectious diseases surveillance systems.