Treatment Of Superior Vena Cava Syndrome Research Articles

Safety and Effectiveness of Abre Self-Expanding Venous Stent for Treatment of Superior Vena Cava Syndrome.

Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome is a constellation of symptoms that results from partial or complete SVC obstruction. Endovascular SVC stenting is an effective treatment for SVC syndrome with rapid clinical efficacy and low risk of complications. In this study, we assess the technical and clinical outcomes of a cohort of patients with SVC syndrome treated with the AbreTM self-expanding venous stent (Medtronic, Inc, Minneapolis, MN, USA). An institutional database was used to retrospectively identify patients with SVC syndrome treated with AbreTM venous self-expanding stent placement between 2021-2023. Patient demographic data, technical outcomes, treatment effectiveness, and adverse events were obtained from the electronic medical record. Nineteen patients (mean age 58.6) were included in the study. Thirteen interventions were performed for malignant compression of the SVC, 5 for central venous catheter-related SVC stenosis, and 1 for HD fistula-related SVC stenosis refractory to angioplasty. Primary patency was achieved in 93% of patients (17/19). Two patients (7%) required re-intervention with thrombolysis and angioplasty within 30days post-stenting. Mean duration of clinical and imaging follow-up were 228.7 ± 52.7 and 258.7 ± 62.1days, respectively. All patients with clinical follow-up experienced significant improvement in clinical symptoms post-intervention. No stent related complications were identified post-intervention. Treatment of SVC syndrome with the AbreTM self-expanding venous stent has high rates of technical and clinical success. No complications related to stent placement were identified in this study.

Treatment of pacemaker-induced superior vena cava syndrome by direct oral anticoagulant

BackgroundThe use of cardiac implantable electronic devices has grown substantially over the past two decades, lead-related vascular issues are commonly encountered in clinical practice. Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome due to pacemaker leads is an uncommon complication. Anticoagulation remains the mainstay of therapy to restore some degree of patency and relieve swelling. However, there are limited clinical trials on direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs).Case presentationWe report a case of an 80-year-old man who developed SVC syndrome after transvenous pacemaker implantation with symptoms of obstruction that were significantly relieved after four months of DOACs. His symptoms had completely resolved nine months later.ConclusionsDOACs are effective in the treatment of SVC syndrome after pacemaker implantation, representing an important new approach. It is a very good choice for patients who do not want to undergo interventional therapy.

Artificial reconstruction for a thymoma invading superior vena cava

Artificial reconstruction for a thymoma invading superior vena cava

A retrospective stenting study on superior vena cava syndrome caused by lung cancer

BackgroundSuperior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is a common condition predominantly caused by lung cancer. The presence of symptoms of SVCS, such as elevated intracranial pressure and laryngeal edema, indicates an unfavorable prognosis for lung cancer patients. Superior vena cava (SVC) stenting is the first‐line treatment for SVCS. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed SVCS cases treated with stenting in our center to explore the safety and effectiveness of stenting in the treatment of SVCS.MethodsWe reviewed 16 patients with SVCS caused by lung cancer who were treated at our center with endovascular stenting between 2016 and 2018. Patient information such as age, sex, type of lung cancer, obstruction condition, complications, survival time, and postoperative treatments are summarized.ResultsThere were no treatment‐related complications in the perioperative period in any of the patients. Examination at postoperative day 2 indicated that the accompanying SVCS symptoms had improved in all patients. The median survival of patients treated along with combined postoperative chemotherapy and antivascular targeted therapy reached seven months (1–18 months).ConclusionsSVC stenting is effective as a first‐line treatment modality for patients with SVCS caused by lung cancer. In combination with other treatment modalities, it can significantly alleviate symptoms and reduce complications, and thus it plays an important role in the treatment of patients with SVCS caused by lung cancer.

Abstract No. 642 Does timing of radiation treatment affect endovascular stenting procedure parameters in the treatment of SVC syndrome?

Abstract No. 642 Does timing of radiation treatment affect endovascular stenting procedure parameters in the treatment of SVC syndrome?

Stereotactic body radiotherapy for superior vena cava syndrome

Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is characterized by a spectrum of clinical findings that result from the occlusion of the superior vena cava (SVC), usually caused by extracaval compression of the SVC by either a bronchogenic tumor or an enlarged mediastinal lymph node. Most efforts at treatment for SVCS are palliative, and long-term survival for malignancy-related SVCS is very low. Therefore, radiotherapy treatment is usually delivered with palliative intent utilizing hypofractionated regimens. The use of high dose per fraction may result in more rapid and more durable responses to treatment. Similarly, the high dose per fraction utilized in stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has been proven highly efficacious in treating early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here we report the first reported case of a patient with SVCS from NSCLC successfully treated with SBRT to alleviate SVCS.

1669 Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) Related Superior Vena Cava Syndrome Post Patent Ductus Arteriosus Ligation

Background and AimsTo assess incidence, management and outcomes of Superior Vena Cava (SVC) syndrome in post PDA ligation patients in the Rotunda Hospital. PICC’s are used routinely in postoperative paediatric...

Commentary: An Important Step Forward in the Treatment of SVC Syndrome: Rapid Relief of Symptoms Using the Trellis System

Commentary: An Important Step Forward in the Treatment of SVC Syndrome: Rapid Relief of Symptoms Using the Trellis System

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome

Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome is a historic entity that is reemerging as an important, albeit still uncommon, contemporary vascular disease condition. The causes of SVC syndrome have evolved dramatically over the last century: whereas the majority of originally described cases were due to infection, contemporary presentations are now predominantly associated with the presence of an intravascular device and/or mediastinal malignancy. Multiple underlying pathologic mechanisms often coexist to confer risk for SVC syndrome. Although the diagnosis is still best made at the bedside, advanced imaging modalities may be used to clarify etiology, grade severity, and facilitate intervention. Treatment of SVC syndrome often requires a combination of noninvasive and invasive therapies. With regard to invasive strategies, endovascular approaches to revascularization are now considered first-line given their relative safety and efficacy. Fortunately, both endovascular and open surgical interventions can offer definitive therapy in a majority of cases.

Tratamiento endovascular del síndrome de vena cava superior

Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is caused by the obstruction of venous drainage from the upper portion of the body. Common clinical findings are headache and cervical, facial and upper limb edema. Occasionally, clouding of consciousness appears. to report our experience with endovascular treatment of SVCS. Retrospective review of all patients with SVCS subjected to endovascular treatment between 1999 and 2005. Eight patients were treated, all of them with malignancies. Six had a benign obstruction due to the presence of a chemotherapy catheter located in the superior vena cava, one had obstruction secondary to radiation therapy and one a tumor compression of the superior vena cava. Two patients underwent thrombolytic therapy. Angioplasty and stenting was performed in all patients. The chemotherapy catheter was removed to all patients and installed again in one. One patient had a hemothorax secondary to a simultaneous needle lung biopsy under video thoracoscopy. No patient died in relation to the procedure. Congestive signs and symptoms subsided in all patients within 24 hours after the procedure. During follow up, only one patient had symptoms related to vena cava obstruction and three died due to their malignant tumor. Endovascular treatment of SVCS has a low rate of complications and provides immediate and mid-term symptom relief.

Treatment of SVC syndrome and hemoptysis in a patient with mediastinal fibrosis

Mediastinal fibrosis can present with a multitude of symptoms, most commonly cough, dyspnea and hemoptysis. We describe a case of mediastinal fibrosis secondary to histoplasmosis, which presented with both superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) and hemoptysis. Our patient was successfully treated with bronchial artery embolization followed by SVC stent placement during a brief hospital stay.

Combined treatment of SVC syndrome— Sclerosing mediastinitis and hurthle cell adenoma of thyroid

Combined treatment of SVC syndrome— Sclerosing mediastinitis and hurthle cell adenoma of thyroid

Superior Vena Cava Rupture Caused During Balloon Dilation for Treatment of SVC Syndrome Due to Repetitive Catheter Ablation

A 29-year-old woman with an implanted AAI mode permanent pacemaker, who had undergone catheter ablation for inappropriate sinus tachycardia 4 times, experienced complications of superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome. Severe stenosis of the SVC wall was observed in computed tomograms. During balloon dilation for the treatment of SVC syndrome, the SVC was ruptured, resulting in cardiac tamponade. An emergency operation was performed using percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS). A longitudinal tear 1 cm in length was identified at the junction of the right atrium and the SVC, requiring a patch plasty using an autologous pericardium 2.5 cm x 3 cm in size. SVC rupture is a complication to be completely avoided when we perform balloon dilation for the treatment of SVC syndrome. Therefore, the indication of balloon dilation for the treatment of SVC syndrome requires critical examination and attention.

Successful thrombectomy of the superior vena cava thrombosis in a newborn after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery

Superior vena cava (SVC)-thrombosis in a neonate after cardiac surgery is difficult to manage. This article reports on the successful treatment of SVC-syndrome in a critically ill newborn by surgical thrombectomy and reinsertion of the SVC in the right atrial appendage in the beating heart.

Superior vena cava syndrome: An oncologic complication

To review the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and nursing care of superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS). Journal articles, research studies, and book chapters relating to complications of lung cancer and SVCS. Lung cancer is the most common malignancy associated with SVCS. The onset of symptoms may be gradual or rapid. Treatment of SVCS is based on the etiology and histologic diagnosis. Major considerations in the nursing care of patients with SVCS include recognition of high-risk patients, facilitation and coordination of diagnostic procedures, assessment of respiratory, cardiac and neurologic systems, administration of therapy, provision of emotional and psychosocial support, and patient education.

Superior Vena Cava Reconstruction Using An Iliocaval Allograft

Successful replacements of the superior vena cava (SVC) using autogenous saphenous or superficial femoral vein or prosthetic grafts have been previously performed, but the use of allograft for treatment of SVC syndrome has not been reported. The patient treated by the authors was a forty-one-year-old woman who presented with severe venous congestion of the head and neck caused by fibrosing mediastinitis. In addition, she had sclerosing cholangitis and chronic liver failure. To treat her SVC syndrome and provide access for fluid and blood transfusion and for possible venovenous bypass, SVC reconstruction was performed concomitant to orthotopic liver transplantation. A left innominate vein-right atrial bypass was inserted using an iliocaval allograft. The patient had an uncomplicated recovery, and at six months after surgery her SVC allograft is widely patent and her transplanted liver is functioning well. The venous allograft is an excellent conduit for those patients who are receiving immunosuppression therapy to avoid rejection of a transplanted organ.

Approach to the Patient Who Presents With Superior Vena Cava Obstruction

Obstruction of the superior vena cava (SVC), a thin-walled vessel that carries blood at low pressure, may result from compression by tumor or intraluminal thrombus formation. The SVC syndrome that ensures may be the cause of significant morbidity. This article reviews the pathogenesis of SVC syndrome, appropriate radiologic imaging procedures, and the issue of obtaining a tissue diagnosis. The management of SVC syndrome with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery is also discussed.

Treatment of SVC Syndrome

Treatment of SVC Syndrome