Treatment Of Pyoderma Research Articles

The efficacy of using modern antiseptic drugs in ointment form in the treatment of pyoderma and secondarily infected dermatoses

BACKGROUND: Pyoderma is one of the most common diseases of the skin and its derivatives. Traditionally, topical antibacterial drugs are used as first-line drugs, but the growth of antibiotic resistance limits their use, and therefore the search for new promising forms of antiseptic drugs remains an urgent task. An antiseptic agent must have a wide antimicrobial spectrum, not irritate the skin and mucous membranes, and remain active for a long time; the antiseptic benzyldimethyl-myristoylamino-propylammonium ointment meets all these requirements.
 AIM: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 0.5% benzyldimethyl-myristoylamino-propylammonium ointment in the treatment of pyoderma and secondarily infected dermatoses.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: We followed 36 patients with identified polyresistance to topical antibacterial drugs aged 18 to 63 year. 1st group consisted of 22 patients with clinical forms of superficial pyoderma: superficial folliculitis ― 8 (36.4%) cases, sycosis vulgaris ― 4 (18.2%), impetigo vulgaris ― 4 (18.2%), dry streptoderma ― 3 (13.6%), paronychia ― 3 (13.6%). The 2nd cohort included 14 human test subjects with secondarily infected dermatosis: nummular eczema ― 6 cases (42.8%), atopic dermatitis ― 5 (35.8%), secondarily infected contact allergic dermatitis ― 3 (21.4%).
 RESULTS: As a result of monotherapy with 0.5% benzyldimethyl-myristoylamino-propylammonium ointment in the pyoderma group, clinical recovery (with DIDS=0) was observed in 91.7% of the subjects. The most common dermoscopic pattern was a necrotic rod, the final one was a light red background. Comprehensive treatment of secondarily infected dermatosis in patients of group II, a clinical cure was stated in 71.4% of cases, which is associated with the predominance of chronic, recurrent dermatoses in this cohort of the study, it was noted that dermatosis has a moderate effect on their lives. Initially, during dermatoscopy, there were signs of an acute stage of examination (yellow scales/crusts, punctate vessels, hemorrhages), after therapy ― a stationary stage (white scales).
 CONCLUSION: Miramistin ointment 0.5% has demonstrated high tolerability and efficacy against various forms of superficial pyoderma and secondarily infected dermatosis and can be recommended for effective use in clinical practice.

Species Distribution of the Aerobic Bacterial Profile in Pyoderma with Special Reference to Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of the Isolates at a Tertiary Care Hospital of West Bengal, India

Introduction: Pyoderma is a common health problem characterised by pyogenic infections of the skin and its appendages. Though easily treatable, the condition is known for its chronicity, recurrence and other complications. Therefore, timely recognition and prompt bacterial diagnosis with antimicrobial sensitivity is imperative for the effective management and treatment of pyoderma. It is a common bacterial skin infection accounting for nearly 25% of patients attending Dermatology Outpatient Department (OPD) in India and other tropical countries. Aim: To determine the incidence of pyoderma in relation to age, sex and socio-economic status, to isolate and identify the common aerobic microbial pathogens associated with pyoderma prevalent in the community and antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Materials and Methods: An institutional based crosssectional observational study was conducted on 148 cases in Department of Microbiology, Rampurhat Government Medical College and Hospital, Burdwan, West Bengal, India, clinical features of suspected pyoderma for a period of 12 months from March 2021 to February 2022. Lesion swabs were collected and isolates were identified; antibiotic susceptibility testing was also performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines using antibiotic discs. Descriptive data was presented as count and percentages. Results: Out of 148 samples collected 144 (97.3%) were culture positive while, rest 04 (2.7%) were culture negative. Overcrowding and low socio-economic group were closely related with pyoderma patients. Primary pyoderma (72.2%) cases were detected more than the secondary (27.8%) cases. Impetigo contagiosa (54%) were detected more among the primary pyoderma patients. High numbers (66.7%) of pyoderma were detected among children (0 to 10 years). The culture positive samples were more in male patients (68.7%) than in female patients (31.3%) and mostly detected from OPD. Out of 144 isolates, 89 (61.8%) were Staphylococcus aureus, 23 (15.9%) isolates were Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) and 04 (2.8%) were Streptococcus pyogens. Further 06 (4.2%) isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 10 (6.9%) isolates of Escherichia coli and 08 (5.5%) isolates of Klebsiella pneumonia were found. Conclusion: The present study results suggest that the era of antibiotics has ushered in an unprecedented predominance of Staphylococcal rather than Streptococcal infections and other gram negative infections for pyoderma cases. Increasing incidence of methicillin, quinolones and amikacin resistance in Staphylococci and other gram negative isolates have limited treatment options. For this, a single infection like pyoderma is challenging in all the healthcare facility.

Current views on etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations and treatment of pyodermas in children

Current views on etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations and treatment of pyodermas in children

Effectiveness of tetracycline antibiotic in treatment of pyoderma with pronounced vesicular component

Pyoderma is the most common disease in the practice of a dermatologist. in its development pyodermatic process takes place in consecutive stages that eventually culminate in hyperergic inflammation. The clinical manifestation of this stage is the vesicle. The purpose. To study the effectiveness of antibiotics tetracycline group of minocycline (Minolexin) with pyoderma involving severe vesicular component. Materials and methods. The efficacy of minocycline in 25 patients with different nosological forms of pyoderma was studied. Conclusions. The vesicle is a stage of hyperergic inflammation. Minocycline has not only antibacterial, but also a mild immunoregulatory effect, it contributes to the rapid cessation of the development of the vesicular component.

Cross-sectional survey on the use and impact of the Danish national antibiotic use guidelines for companion animal practice

BackgroundThe Danish antibiotic use guidelines for companion animal practice were published by the Danish Veterinary Association in 2012. Since then, national surveillance data indicate a 10% reduction in the total use of antibiotics for companion animals, particularly a marked reduction in the use of third generation cephalosporins. The aim of the study was to assess if and how the guidelines have impacted diagnostic and antibiotic prescription habits of the users, and to identify user perceived barriers to implementation.ResultsAn online questionnaire was sent to all 882 members of the Danish Small Animal Veterinary Association in October 2015. The survey was completed by 151 veterinarians. Respondents most frequently consulted the recommendations on skin and urinary tract infections (UTI), and users generally reported a high degree of adherence to the recommendations. Sixty-five per cent indicated that the guidelines had influenced their habits in one or more of the areas being investigated, i.e. perioperative use of antibiotics, use of first line antibiotics for the treatment of pyoderma or UTI, and/or use of microbiological diagnostics. Perioperative use of antibiotics for clean surgeries was uncommon, irrespective of whether respondents had consulted the relevant recommendations or not. On the contrary, significant differences in the prescribing habits between guideline users and non-users were observed for pyoderma and UTI, suggesting an impact of the guidelines towards more prudent antimicrobial use. The diagnostic habits were examined in a subgroup of 63 guideline users. Of those, 19 and 39% reported frequent use of culture and susceptibility (C&S) testing prior to treating pyoderma and UTI respectively, whereas 68–84% reported C&S testing in the event of poor response to treatment or recurrence of infections. The main barriers for implementation of therapeutic recommendations were confidence in old prescribing practices and unavailability of recommended drugs. The main barriers for C&S testing were good experience with empiric treatment, and the owners’ financial situation.ConclusionsThe findings suggest a positive influence of the national antibiotic guidelines on prescription patterns among companion animal practitioners in Denmark. Sustained campaign activity is encouraged and should include promotion of bacteriological testing.

In vitro antimicrobial activity of the organic extract of Cladonia substellata Vainio and usnic acid against Staphylococcus spp. obtained from cats and dogs

ABSTRACT: Cladonia substellata Vainio is a lichen found in different regions of the world, including the Northeast of Brazil. It contains several secondary metabolites with biological activity, including usnic acid, which has exhibited a wide range of biological activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the organic extract of C. substellata and purified usnic acid. Initially, Staphylococcus spp., derived from samples of skin and ears of dogs and cats with suspected pyoderma and otitis, were isolated and analyzed. In antimicrobial susceptibility testing against Staphylococcus spp., 77% (105/136) of the isolates were resistant to the antimicrobials tested. In the assessment of biofilm production, 83% (113/136) were classified as producing biofilm. In genetic characterization, 32% (44/136) were positive for blaZ, no isolate (0/136) was positive for the mecA gene, and 2% (3/136) were positive for the icaD gene. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the organic extract of C. substellata and purified usnic acid against Staphylococcus spp. ranged from 0.25mg/mL to 0.0019mg/mL, inhibiting bacterial growth at low concentrations. The substances were more effective against biofilm-producing bacteria (0.65mg/mL-0.42mg/mL) when compared to non-biofilm producing bacteria (2.52mg/mL-2.71mg/mL). Usnic acid and the organic extract of C. substellata can be effective in the treatment of pyoderma and otitis in dogs and cats caused by Staphylococcus spp.

Micrometric Study and Random Amplified Polymorphic Deoxyribonucleic Acid Analysis of Wattakaka volubilis (Linn. f.) Stapf. Leaves

The leaves of Jīvantī are considered to be the best among the vegetables in the classical texts of Ayurveda. In some parts of India, Wattakaka volubilis (Linn. f.) Stapf. is used in the name of JTvantT for treatment of pyoderma, fever, cough, cold, rheumatic pain, diabetes, eye diseases, snake bite etc. The present study deals with the micrometric evaluation and molecular characterization of Wattakaka volubilis (Linn. f.) Stapf. leaves by random amplified polymorphic deoxyribonucleic acid (RAPD) markers by following standard parameters. Morphological study showed that leaves are 6.5–14 × 4.5–11 cm, in size, broadly ovate or suborbicular with reticulate venation. Transverse section of petiole measures about 2.7 μm, showing single-layered epidermis with multicellular, warty trichomes. Cortex contains chloroplast and several prismatic and rosette crystals. Section through midrib measures about 3.4 × 3.2 μm, having centrally located bicollateral vascular bundle supported by ground tissue. Powder microscopy showed the presence of multicellular and glandular trichomes, paracytic stomata, rosette crystals of calcium oxalate, oil globules and chlorophyll pigments. In RAPD analysis, all the 10 primers showed good amplification. The unique bright and light bands obtained in polymerase chain reaction amplification along with quantitative pharmacognostical characters can be considered as a measure for authentication and standardization of the plant.

Treatment of Pyoderma With Polymyxin B-Bacitracin Ointment

Among the new and highly effective antibiotic ointments developed in recent years is one consisting of bacitracin, 500 units, and polymyxin B, 10,000 units, in a base of petrolatum (Polysporin). We used it in treating 577 consecutive cases of pyogenic infections of the skin with results that were altogether satisfactory (see table). There were no toxic reactions or failures in the 577 cases treated. The patients were asked to apply a film of the ointment "frequently." Lesions responded more quickly when the ointment was applied hourly than when it was applied only three or four times in the day, and, as was to be expected, superficial infections responded to treatment more readily than deep-seated ones. Of the cases of primary pyoderma, impetigo showed decided improvement within three days; it was often cured in only one day, and it healed invariably within seven days. Ecthyma and pyogenic paronychia required up to

Overcoming antibiotic resistance in treatment of pyoderma

Overcoming antibiotic resistance in treatment of pyoderma

Досвід амбулаторного лікування піодермій у дітей раннього віку

У статті проаналізований досвід лікування піодермій у 52 дітей віком від 10 днів до 1,5 року. На підставі мікробіологічних досліджень і клінічного спостереження показана ефективність і безпечність використання для зовнішнього лікування антибактеріального препарату тиротрицину.

Pyoderma gangrenosum associated with renal carcinoma

Pyoderma gangrenosum associated with renal carcinoma

Development of pyoderma gangrenosum during therapy with infliximab

Pyoderma gangrenosum is a rare inflammatory disease of unknown etiology and a poorly understood pathogenesis. Its clinical presentation is variable and a large percentage of cases are associated with inflammatory bowel diseases. Peristomal pyoderma gangrenosum represents a variant of the diseases, occurring in patients with colostomy. Multiple cases demonstrate efficacy of infliximab and other anti-TNF-alpha drugs in treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum. A 47-year-old male with ulcerative colitis and proctocolectomy with ileal pouch reconstruction protected by ileostomy in the course of diseases received infliximab therapy together with azathioprine for his inflammatory bowel diseases. Six months after initiation of infliximab therapy the patient developed multiple pyoderma gangrenosum lesions on the trunk, abdomen, genitalia, gluteus, extremities, left preauricular region and peristomal area. After systemic corticosteroid therapy, combined with topical tacrolimus, the lesions slowly improved. Seven months later, during ongoing infliximab therapy, the patient developed a sepsis with fatal outcome. Constant trauma generated by colostomy may be a contributing factor to the development and persistence of pyoderma gangrenosum. It may be hypothesized that this patient developed pyoderma gangrenosum despite infliximab or that pyoderma gangrenosum may represent a rare adverse effect of the drug.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus intermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi isolated from dogs

The susceptibility to 23 antimicrobial agents was determined in 114 isolates of Staphylococcus intermedius and eight isolates of Staphylococcus schleiferi of canine origin. Overall, 73% of S. intermedius isolates and 37.5% of S. schleiferi isolates were susceptible to all the 23 antimicrobials tested. The large majority of S. intermedius strains retained susceptibility to antimicrobials currently employed in treatment of pyoderma (cephalosporins, cotrimoxazole and association amoxicillin–clavulanic acid) as well as to those effective against staphylococci (fusidic acid, rifampicin and fluoroquinolones). Resistance in S. intermedius was observed mainly against macrolides, chloramphenicol and lincosamides, while S. schleiferi isolates retained susceptibility to all antimicrobials except three of six fluoroquinolones. Although, our results confirm susceptibility to antimicrobials currently employed in pyoderma treatment, the several different resistance patterns observed for S. intermedius emphasize the importance of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of canine staphylococci to choose the most appropriate treatment of infections and to allow the prudent use of antimicrobial drugs in companion animals.

Oral amoxicillin vs. oral erythromycin in the treatment of pyoderma in Bamako, Mali: an open randomized trial

Pyoderma (bacterial superficial skin infection) is an extremely common disorder in tropical developing countries. In these settings, Streptococcus pyogenes is considered to be the main etiological agent. Apart from epidemics of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis where mass treatment with intramuscular benzathine-penicillin is recommended, no recommendation exists for the treatment of pyoderma in this setting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of oral amoxicillin in the treatment of pyoderma in Mali, by comparison with oral erythromycin. In Bamako, 132 patients with pyoderma, diagnosed and graded as "severe" on clinical grounds, were randomly assigned to an oral treatment by either amoxicillin (50 mg/kg per day) or erythromycin; infections of the follicular appendage were excluded. Both drugs were associated with the topical application of povidone iodine. The patients were evaluated openly at the seventh day of treatment for cure or marked improvement of the clinical features, indicating successful treatment. Three patients were lost to follow-up. Treatment was successful in 57 of 64 patients treated with amoxicillin vs. 58 of 65 patients treated with erythromycin (P = 0.00). Amoxicillin was as efficacious as erythromycin in the treatment of severe pyoderma in Mali. Owing to its efficacy, added to high availability and low cost, this compound should be considered a first-line treatment of this disorder in this country, and perhaps in other countries where this condition presents in a similar way.

P‐8 Antibacterial efficacy of 0.1% chitosan solution against Staphylococcus intermedius in dogs

Antibacterial efficacy of 0.1% chitosan solution against Staphylococcus intermedius in dogs was determined by the modified detergent scrub quantitative technique in 10 adult mongrel dogs. For comparison, other antibacterial agents including 2.5% benzoyl peroxide, 0.5% chlorhexidine acetate, 0.1% chitosan solution combined with 2.5% benzoyl peroxide, and chitosan combined with 0.5% chlorhexidine were used. The antibacterial activity of chitosan was inversely affected by pH with higher activity at lower pH value and exerted the highest activity at pH 4.5 in vitro. In nontreated bacteria‐challenged control sites, S. intermedius was found to have counts of 6.95 ± 0.53 cfu/cm2 of skin. The counts of recovered Staphylococcus intermedius (cfu/cm2) from the treated sites were 3.25 ± 0.98 for 0.1% chitosan solution, 0.68 ± 1.13 for benzoyl peroxide, 3.14 ± 0.55 for chlorhexidine, 0.48 ± 0.56 for chitosan solution combined with benzoyl peroxide, and 2.55 ± 0.88 for chitosan solution combined with chlorhexidine. Each S. intermedius recovery value from the five treated sites was significantly (P < 0.01) lower than that from the nontreated bacterial‐challenged control site. The 0.1% chitosan solution was efficacious against Staphylococcus intermedius in dogs. However, the combinations of chitosan with benzoyl peroxide and with chlorhexidine were shown to exert higher activity when compared to those of chitosan alone and benzoyl peroxide or chlorhexidine alone. Thus, 0.1% chitosan solution was considered to have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus intermedius andhave potential for clinical applications in the treatment of pyoderma in dogs. Funding: Self‐funded.

Comparison of the efficacy of cefadroxil and generic and proprietary cephalexin in the treatment of pyoderma in dogs

Summary: We compared efficacy of cefadroxil and generic and proprietary cephalexin in treatment of pyoderma in dogs. Forty-four dogs were randomly assigned to receive 1 of the 3 preparations at 22 to 35 mg/kg body weight, every 12 hours. Dogs were examined at the conclusion of treatment period and assessed as to degree of improvement. All 3 cephalosporins were effective and safe antibiotics for the treatment of pyoderma in dogs.

Lymphocyte transformation suppression caused by pyoderma—Failure to demonstrate it in uncomplicated demodectic mange

Three dogs with demodectic mange uncomplicated by a bacterial infection and 9 dogs with demodectic mange and pyoderma were tested for their lymphocyte response to phytomitogens in vitro and for the presence of the serum's lymphocyte immunoregulatory factors (SLIF) suppressing blastogenesis. None of the 3 dogs with uncomplicated demodectic mange showed any detectable dysfunction of their lymphocytes or presence of the blastogenesis suppressing SLIF. Their lymphocytes generally responded to the mitogens with more blastogenesis than lymphocytes from healthy controls. On the other hand, in the group of 9 dogs with demodicosis complicated by a bacterial infection, high levels of the blastogenesis suppressing SLIF for concanavalin A-sensitive cells were detected in 4 dogs, for phytohemagglutinin-sensitive cells in 2 dogs, and for pokeweed mitogen-sensitive cells in 1 (of only 3 tested) dog. Dysfunction of lymphocytes per se (detected by a decreased blastogenesis in nonsuppressive normal canine and bovine sera) was detected in 3 dogs with demodicosis with pyoderma. The success of the treatment of demodectic mange or the bacterial skin infection did not correlate with the previous presence or absence of the blastogenesis suppressing SLIF. The treatment of pyoderma was less successful in dogs with an increase in blastogenesis of unstimulated cells in fresh normal canine serum over that in autologous serum. All 3 dogs with a detected dysfunction of their lymphocytes either died or were euthanatized as untreatable cases. It is concluded that the development of demodectic mange per se did not cause the appearance of the blastogenesis suppressing SLIF, which was primarily related to the appearance and extent of the secondary bacterial skin infection.

The treatment of pyoderma in children

The treatment of pyoderma in children

The Treatment of Pyoderma in Children

Three therapeutic agents were compared in the treatment of 209 children with superficial pyoderma. Patients were given benzathine penicillin G and procaine penicillin G intramuscularly, gentamicin sulfate (Garamycin) topically, or an ointment containing a mixture of antibiotics (Neosporin) topically. In the initial skin culture, 27.2% of the patients had β-hemolytic streptococci, 37.3% had staphylococci, and 35.3% had both organisms present. At one week follow-up, penicillin treatment resulted in a complete bacteriologic cure of patients with streptococci alone, or streptococci and staphylococci combined. Neosporin ointment was less effective than penicillin and gentamicin was the least effective of the three. Staphylococcal pyoderma responded equally well to all three preparations. Despite the absence of glomerulonephritis, we suggest that streptococcal pyoderma be treated with systemic antibiotic therapy to avoid the complication of renal disease.

Topical Use of Chlorquinaldol

In 1944, Jadassohn and his co-workers (1) published a report relative to a new preparation which they found to be effective in the treatment of the pyodermas. This preparation was laboratory-tested at Basle and Zurich and found to have both in vitroand in vivobacteriostatic activity against staphylococci. Jadassohn and his co-workers did comparison studies with another oxyquinoline derivative, iodochlor-oxyquinoline, in the treatment of pyodermas and found 5,7-dichloro-8-hydroxyquinaldine (chlorquinaldol) to be superior. They stated that the ointment containing this material had anti-mycotic value, particularly in mixed infections produced by fungi and bacteria. Metaxas (2), Felkel (3), Sigg (4), Schubert (5), and others (6, 7, 8) have confirmed these results. Less than three percent of the 210 patients studied by Pierce (9) developed “sensitization or irritation reactions/' Leifer and Steiner (10) reported their experiences with two patients who had become sensitized to other oxyquinoline derivatives and were subsequently proved to have positive reactions to another derivative, 5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinaldine as well. This was considered indicative of group sensitivity to the halogenated oxyquinolines.