Treatment Of Pediatric Pneumonia Research Articles

Parental knowledge, attitude, and practice on pediatric pneumonia in Beijing, China: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Aim Pediatric pneumonia, a common disease, is the major cause of mortality in young children in China. However, the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of parents in China on etiologies, prevention, and care of pediatric pneumonia are still unclear. Here we investigated the KAP of parents on pediatric pneumonia. Subject and methods This cross-sectional study enrolled parents in the Yungang area, Fengtai, Beijing and surrounding areas from September 1, 2022 to October 31, 2022. The demographic characteristics of subjects were collected for KAP score evaluation. The KAP scores of parents with different demographic characteristics were compared. Results In total, 502 subjects participated in this study, of which the mean knowledge score was 9.61 ± 3.25, the attitude score was 33.85 ± 4.03, and the practice score was 17.87 ± 2.38. The findings showed that gender, age, residence, education, medical-field work, income per capita, previous pediatric pneumonia, and smoking significantly differed in knowledge score (P < 0.05). Gender, residence, education, and previous pediatric pneumonia were significantly different in attitude score (P < 0.05). Parental age, children's numbers, and smoking were significantly different in practice score (P < 0.05). Conclusion Parents of young children exhibit a good attitude and practice toward prevention and treatment of pediatric pneumonia, while the relevant knowledge about the same disease was lower. It was recommended to carry out further studies in different regions; government and health institutions could take steps to improve the KAP of parents.

Effect of comprehensive nursing intervention on the efficacy of spleen aminopeptide combined with aerosol inhalation in the treatment of pediatric pneumonia.

To analyze the effect of comprehensive nursing intervention on the efficacy of spleen aminopeptide combined with aerosol inhalation in the treatment of pediatric pneumonia. This is a retrospective study. Eighty children with pneumonia admitted to Baoding children's Hospital from March 2020 to March 2021 were included and randomly divided into two groups. Children in the control group received routine treatment and nursing measures, while those in the experimental group received comprehensive nursing intervention on the basis of routine treatment in the control group. The differences in clinical effect, symptom improvement time, nursing quality score and satisfaction score between the two groups were compared and analyzed. The efficacy of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p=0.02). After comprehensive nursing intervention, the cough disappearance time, body temperature recovery time, pulmonary rales disappearance time and hospitalization time in the experimental group were significantly shorter than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (p<0.05). The scores of nursing quality such as health guidance, nursing operation, and medication management in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group, with significant differences in the data comparison between the groups (p<0.05). The satisfaction of the experimental group was 100%, which was higher than 90% of the control group, with a statistically significant difference (p=0.04). Comprehensive nursing intervention boasts various significant effects in the treatment of pediatric pneumonia, such as rapid amelioration of the condition, improvement of efficacy, and enhancement of nursing quality and satisfaction.

Analysis of knowledge graph based on CiteSpace research on the treatment of pediatric pneumonia with traditional Chinese medicine

Analysis of knowledge graph based on CiteSpace research on the treatment of pediatric pneumonia with traditional Chinese medicine

Drug utilization study on pediatric pneumonia patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital

Background: Pneumonia remains the prime infectious disease that increases the mortality rate among children under five claimed the lives of nearly 1.5 million children in 2015. Mortality due to childhood pneumonia is linked to the prevalence and relapse increases and usage of antibiotics is more. In such circumstances, the main. Aim: The Aim of the study was to assess the utilization of drugs and to spot the factors that contribute to the pediatric pneumonia patients at tertiary care teaching hospitals. Material and methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted from May 2021 to October 2021Overall 310 prescriptions were collected, 204 patients were included in the study based on inclusion criteria and data was collected from a proforma and by using WHO prescribing indicators study is analyzed. Results: Age group with pneumonia of&lt;5years was 171 patients, followed by 33 patients between 6-8years.The male children constituted the major portion i.e. 120(58.82%) followed by female children were 84(41.18%). Distribution of drugs per prescription, majority of prescriptions with&lt;5 drugs i.e., 110(56%) followed by 82 prescriptions with 5-10 drugs constituted (43%), this indicates the polypharmacy and 1 prescription with &gt;10 drugs i.e., (1%). The distribution of antibiotics where majorly preferred drug in penicillin’s were amoxiclav- 164(59.20%), least preferred was piperacillin/tazobactam-9(3.28%), followed by cefotaxime-38(13.71%), ceftriaxone -17(6.13%), amikacin- 31(11.19%), and azithromycin- 18(6.49%). Conclusion: In our study, we observed an irrational use of antibiotics and polypharmacy of drugs in the treatment of pediatric pneumonia.

Clinical Efficacy Analysis of Mechanical Vibration Sputum Drainage in the Adjuvant Treatment of Pediatric Pneumonia

Clinical Efficacy Analysis of Mechanical Vibration Sputum Drainage in the Adjuvant Treatment of Pediatric Pneumonia

Comparative Efficacy of Beta-Lactams and Macrolides in the Treatment of Pediatric Pneumonia: A Systematic Review.

Pneumonia is an acute infection of the lung parenchyma that is differentiated among three main diagnoses: community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), and healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP). Though CAP is initially presented as a mild infection, it contributes to childhood mortality rates globally. A vast number of pathogens are the cause of CAP, but the two main causative organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, with the former causing up to 50% of all childhood cases. In the current treatment guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), amoxicillin is the recommended treatment choice for mild-to-moderate CAP while ampicillin is recommended for cases of severe CAP. Previous studies compared treatment between macrolides and beta-lactams to provide more information on the effectiveness in the pediatric population. The objective of this article is to systematically review the literature on the comparative efficacy of beta-lactams and macrolides in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia among children and to evaluate the outcomes that are used to determine drug efficacy in order to provide medication recommendations. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, TRIP, Cochrane and SCOPUS. Cohort studies and randomized controlled trials between the years 2000 and 2020 that compared the efficacy of amoxicillin and macrolides in treating pediatric pneumonia were included in the systematic review. Eligible patients included patients who were 17 years and younger, diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia, and were given beta-lactams or macrolides, either as monotherapy or combination. Two reviewers were involved in the appraisal process to assess the quality of the methods used in the selected studies. A total of six articles were eligible according to the inclusion criteria and quality assessment. Four articles compared beta-lactam monotherapy with beta-lactam and macrolide combination therapy, while Kogan R et al. compared macrolide therapy monotherapy with beta-lactam and macrolide combination therapy and Leyenaar JK et al. compared ceftriaxone monotherapy to ceftriaxone plus macrolide combination therapy. The studies defined treatment failure as either a change in antibiotic therapy or hospital admission within 14 days of CAP diagnosis. Three studies used the length of hospital stay as their primary outcome for comparison of treatment efficacy. Four studies showed that the use of macrolides provided better treatment outcomes by reducing hospital stay and treatment failure rates. Beta-lactam and macrolide combination therapy did not show a significant effect on treatment failure compared to beta-lactam monotherapy regimens and it did not affect mortality compared to placebo or diet alone. Within the macrolide class, azithromycin was more clinically significant compared to erythromycin. The use of macrolides as monotherapy or add-on therapy to beta-lactams is more effective in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in the pediatric population.

Prescription and medication regularity of traditional Chinese medicine for treating child pneumonia based on data mining

To analyze and summarize formulae of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in the treatment of pediatric pneumonia in CNKI based on the data mining method. CNKI was retrieved for literatures of TCM treatment of pneumonia in children in recent 20 years, which was taken the data source. After screening, a prescription database was established. Frequency analysis, association rules Apriori algorithm and complex system entropy clustering analysis methods integrated in TCMISS(V2.5) were applied in data analysis and mining. Core drugs and their properties and flavors, medication modes and new prescriptions were summarized and studied. A total of 408 prescriptions were screened out, involving 218 drugs, among which Chinese herbal medicines with the highest use frequency included Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Xingren(Armeniacae Semen Amarum), Huangqin(Scutellariae Radix), Mahuang(Ephedrae Herba), Jiegeng(Platycodonis Radix), Banxia(Pinelliae Rhizoma), Sangbaipi(Mori Cortex), Chenpi(Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Fuling(Poria), Jinyinhua(Japonicae Lonicerae Flos). Flavors were mainly bitter, sweet and pungent; and the main medicinal property was cold. Most of these drugs entered lung meridian(LU), stomach meridian(ST) and spleen meridian(SP); and the association rules between drugs were established. Totally 6 new prescriptions were obtained through entropy hierarchical cluster analysis. Our results objectively presented, at present, TCM focuses on phlegm and heat in treating children's pneumonia, which targets at lung and also treats spleen and stomach. The main therapies aim to clear heat and resolve phlegm, ventilate lung and relieve cough and dyspnea, release exterior and dissipate cold, and relieve cough and eliminate phlegm. The results of statistical analysis are basically consistent with the consensus of experts, which can provide theoretical basis for clinical medication and drug development.

Health system challenges for improved childhood pneumonia case management in Lagos and Jigawa, Nigeria.

Case fatality rates for childhood pneumonia in Nigeria remain high. There is a clear need for improved case management of pneumonia, through the sustainable implementation of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI) diagnostic and treatment algorithms. We explored barriers and opportunities for improved case management of childhood pneumonia in Lagos and Jigawa states, Nigeria. A mixed-method analysis was conducted to assess the current health system capacity to deliver quality care. This was done through audits of 16 facilities in Jigawa and 14 facilities in Lagos, questionnaires (n = 164) and 13 focus group discussions with providers. Field observations provided context for data analysis and triangulation. There were more private providers in Lagos (4/8 secondary facilities) and more government providers in Jigawa (4/8 primary, 3/3 secondary, and 1/1 tertiary facilities). Oxygen and pulse oximeters were available in two of three in Jigawa and six of eight in Lagos of the sampled secondary care facilities. None of the eight primary facilities surveyed in Jigawa had oxygen or pulse oximetry available while in Lagos two of three primary facilities had oxygen and one of three had pulse oximeters. Other IMCI and emergency equipment were also lacking including respiratory rate timers, particularly in Jigawa state. Health care providers scored poorly on knowledge of IMCI, though previous IMCI training was associated with better knowledge. Key enabling factors in delivering pediatric care highlighted by health care providers included accountability procedures and feedback loops, the provision of free medication for children, and philanthropic acts. Common barriers to provide care included the burden of out-of-pocket payments, challenges in effective communication with caregivers, delayed presentation, and lack of clear diagnosis, and case management guidelines. There is an urgent need to improve how the prevention and treatment of pediatric pneumonia is directed in both Lagos and Jigawa. Priority areas for reducing pediatric pneumonia burden are training and mentoring of health care providers, community health education, and introduction of oximeters and oxygen supply.

Study of Prescribing Pattern In Treatment of Pediatric Pneumonia and Parent Counselling In Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

Study of Prescribing Pattern In Treatment of Pediatric Pneumonia and Parent Counselling In Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

Prise en charge des accidents vasculaires cérébraux dans un service de médecine interne de la banlieue de Dakar

Co-trimoxazole is widely used in treatment of paediatric pneumonia in developing countries, but drug resistance may decrease its effectiveness. We studied the effectiveness of co-trimoxazole compared with that of amoxycillin in pneumonia therapy, and assessed the clinical impact of co-trimoxazole resistance.We recruited 595 children, aged 2–59 months, with non-severe or severe pneumonia (WHO criteria) diagnosed in the outpatient wards of two urban Pakistan hospitals. Patients were randomly assigned on a 2:1 basis co-trimoxazole (n=398) or amoxycillin (n=197) in standard WHO doses and dosing schedules, and were monitored in study wards. The primary outcome was inpatient therapy failure (clinical criteria) or clinical evidence of pneumonia at outpatient follow-up examination.There were 92 (23%) therapy failures in the co-trimoxazole group and 30 (15%) in the amoxycillin group (p=0·03)—26 (13%) versus 12 (12%) among children with non-severe pneumonia (p=0·856) and 66 (33%) versus 18 (18%) among those with severe pneumonia (p=0·009). For patients with severe pneumonia, age under 1 year (p=0·056) and positive chest radiographs (p=0·005) also predicted therapy failure. There was no significant association between antimicrobial minimum inhibitory concentration and outcome among bacteraemic children treated with co-trimoxazole.Co-trimoxazole provided effective therapy in non-severe pneumonia. For severe, life-threatening pneumonia, however, co-trimoxazole is less likely than amoxycillin to be effective.

Antimicrobial resistance and clinical effectiveness of co-trimoxazole versus amoxycillin for pneumonia among children in Pakistan: randomised controlled trial

Co-trimoxazole is widely used in treatment of paediatric pneumonia in developing countries, but drug resistance may decrease its effectiveness. We studied the effectiveness of co-trimoxazole compared with that of amoxycillin in pneumonia therapy, and assessed the clinical impact of co-trimoxazole resistance. We recruited 595 children, aged 2-59 months, with non-severe or severe pneumonia (WHO criteria) diagnosed in the outpatient wards of two urban Pakistan hospitals. Patients were randomly assigned on a 2:1 basis co-trimoxazole (n=398) or amoxycillin (n=197) in standard WHO doses and dosing schedules, and were monitored in study wards. The primary outcome was inpatient therapy failure (clinical criteria) or clinical evidence of pneumonia at outpatient follow-up examination. There were 92 (23%) therapy failures in the co-trimoxazole group and 30 (15%) in the amoxycillin group (p=0.03)-26 (13%) versus 12 (12%) among children with non-severe pneumonia (p=0.856) and 66 (33%) versus 18 (18%) among those with severe pneumonia (p=0.009). For patients with severe pneumonia, age under 1 year (p=0.056) and positive chest radiographs (p=0.005) also predicted therapy failure. There was no significant association between antimicrobial minimum inhibitory concentration and outcome among bacteraemic children treated with co-trimoxazole. Co-trimoxazole provided effective therapy in non-severe pneumonia. For severe, life-threatening pneumonia, however, co-trimoxazole is less likely than amoxycillin to be effective.