Treatment Of Osteoporosis Research Articles

Alleviated diabetic osteoporosis and peripheral neuropathic pain by Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch polysaccharide via increasing regulatory T cells

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) are conditions that significantly impact the quality of life of patients worldwide. Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, a component of traditional Chinese medicine with a history spanning thousands of years, has been utilized in the treatment of osteoporosis and diabetes. Specifically, Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch polysaccharide (RGP), a key bioactive compound of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, has demonstrated immune-modulating properties and beneficial effects on hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and vascular inflammation in diabetic mice. Despite these known actions, the precise mechanisms of RGP in addressing DOP and DPN remain unclear. Our study aimed to explore the impact of RGP on osteoporosis and peripheral neuropathic pain in diabetic mice induced by streptozotocin (STZ). The findings revealed that RGP not only improved hyperglycemia and osteoporosis in STZ-induced diabetic mice but also enhanced osteogenesis, insulin production, and nerve health. Specifically, RGP alleviated distal pain, improved nerve conduction velocity, nerve fiber integrity, and immune cell balance in the spleen. Mechanistically, RGP was found to upregulate HDAC6 mRNA expression in regulatory T cells, potentially shedding light on novel pathways for preventing DOP and DPN. These results offer promising insights for the development of new therapeutic approaches for diabetic complications.

TMEM16 proteins: Ca2+‑activated chloride channels and phospholipid scramblases as potential drug targets (Review).

TMEM16 proteins, which function as Ca2+‑activated Cl‑ channels are involved in regulating a wide variety of cellular pathways and functions. The modulators of Cl‑ channels can be used for the molecule‑based treatment of respiratory diseases, cystic fibrosis, tumors, cancer, osteoporosis and coronavirus disease 2019. The TMEM16 proteins link Ca2+ signaling, cellular electrical activity and lipid transport. Thus, deciphering these complex regulatory mechanisms may enable a more comprehensive understanding of the physiological functions of the TMEM16 proteins and assist in ascertaining the applicability of these proteins as potential pharmacological targets for the treatment of a range of diseases. The present review examined the structures, functions and characteristics of the different types of TMEM16 proteins, their association with the pathogenesis of various diseases and the applicability of TMEM16 modulator‑based treatment methods.

Identification of critical genes and metabolic pathways in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis toward drug repurposing

BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoporosis (OP) are considered to be complex diseases. In recent studies, a positive association between RA and OP has been reported triggering growing research interest. This study aims to investigate the drugs related to critical genes in RA and OP, using bioinformatics approaches, toward drug repurposing. MethodRA and OP genes were identified. The RA–OP PPI network was constructed and analyzed using the STRING and Cytoscape, respectively. Hub genes and modules were extracted and enriched Gene Ontology, through the WebGestalt and g:Profiler. The identification of the drugs related to critical genes using the DGIDB, and extracted the miRNAs using miRWalk and miRNet. ResultsBy network clustering, five significant modules were obtained that have important roles in the immune system. IL6, TNF, IL1B, STAT3, TGFB1, TP53, HIF1A, CCL2, IL10, and MMP9 were found as the top 10 hub genes in the RA-OP network. Hub genes were shown to have implications in inflammatory response, significant functions in cytokine receptor binding, and localized mostly in extracellular space. By investigating the drugs related to hub genes, 16 drugs were identified as repurposing candidate drugs. The 10 drugs included Hydroxychloroquine, Infliximab, Adalimumab, Etanercept, Certolizumab, Cyclosporine, Diacerein, Gevokizumab, Canakinumab, and Olokizumab proposed for OP. Also, six drugs including Pirfenidone, Pentoxifylline, Vadimezan, Rilonacept, Metelimumab, and Siltuximab have important roles in inflammatory control and were proposed for both RA and OP. ConclusionsThe results of the present study can provide novel insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of RA and OP.

Goal-directed osteoporosis treatment: ASBMR/BHOF task force position statement 2024.

The overarching goal of osteoporosis management is to prevent fractures. A goal-directed approach to long-term management of fracture risk helps ensure that the most appropriate initial treatment and treatment sequence is selected for individual patients. Goal-directed treatment decisions require assessment of clinical fracture history, vertebral fracture identification (using vertebral imaging as appropriate), measurement of bone mineral density (BMD), and consideration of other major clinical risk factors. Treatment targets should be tailored to each patient's individual risk profile and based on the specific indication for beginning treatment, including recency, site, number and severity of prior fractures, and BMD levels at the total hip, femoral neck, and lumbar spine. Instead of first-line bisphosphonate treatment for all patients, selection of initial treatment should focus on reducing fracture risk rapidly for patients at very high and imminent risk, such as in those with recent fractures. Initial treatment selection should also consider the probability that a BMD treatment target can be attained within a reasonable period of time and the differential magnitude of fracture risk reduction and BMD impact with osteoanabolic versus antiresorptive therapy. This position statement of the ASBMR/BHOF Task Force on Goal-Directed Osteoporosis Treatment provides an overall summary of the major clinical recommendations about treatment targets and strategies to achieve those targets based on the best evidence available, derived primarily from studies in older postmenopausal women of European ancestry.

LINC00963 Represses Osteogenic Differentiation of hBMSCs via the miR-10b-5p/RAP2A/AKT Axis.

Osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) is important for human bone formation. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical regulators in osteogenic differentiation. This study aimed to explore the function and mechanisms of long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 963 (LINC00963) in affecting osteogenesis. Cell differentiation was assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity detection and ALP staining assay. Meanwhile, levels of osteogenic marker genes, including RUNX family transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteocalcin (OCN), and osteopontin (OPN), were detected by RT-qPCR and western blot. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured using CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry analysis. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNA pull-down and luciferase reporter assays were used to investigate the interaction between genes. LINC00963 expression was down-regulated in hBMSCs treated with osteogenic induction. LINC00963 overexpression inhibited hBMSCs differentiation, proliferation, and elevated apoptosis. LINC00963 acted as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to interact with miR-10b-5p and thereby regulated the expression level of Ras-related protein Rap-2a (RAP2A). LINC00963 regulated RAP2A to inhibit the level of phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT). LINC00963 inhibited hBMSCs differentiation, proliferation, and elevated apoptosis via the miR-10b-5p/RAP2A/AKT signaling, which might help improve the treatment of osteoporosis.

Suppressing ERp57 diminishes osteoclast activity and ameliorates ovariectomy-induced bone loss via the intervention in calcium oscillation and the calmodulin/calcineurin/Nfatc1 pathway

BackgroundIncreased osteoclast activity constitutes the primary etiology of excessive bone erosion in postmenopausal osteoporosis. ERp57, otherwise referred to as protein disulfide isomerase A3 (PDIA3), plays a crucial role in the regulation of intracellular calcium signaling. This is documented to exert a profound impact on osteoclast differentiation and functionality. MethodsTo ascertain the potential role of ERp57 in disease progression, prevention, and treatment, network pharmacology and bioinformatics analyses were conducted in relation to postmenopausal osteoporosis and ERp57 inhibitor (Loc14). Then, subsequent experimental verifications were employed in vitro on osteoclast and osteoblast, and in vivo on ovariectomy (OVX) mice models. ResultsMultiple enrichment analyses suggested that the “calcium signaling pathway” may constitute a potential avenue for therapeutic intervention by Loc14 in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. In vitro experiments demonstrated inhibition of ERp57 could block osteoclast differentiation and function by interfering with the expression of osteoclast marker genes (Traf6, Nfatc1, and Ctsk). Further mechanisms studies based on calcium imaging, qPCR, and WB established that ERp57 inhibitor (Loc14) could obstruct calcium oscillation in osteoclast precursor cells (OPCs) by limiting the entry sources of cytosolic Ca2+ and interfering with calmodulin/calcineurin/Nfatc1 pathway. Evidence from Micro-CT scanning and double calcein labeling confirmed that the application of Loc14 in vivo could alleviate bone loss and partially reversed the osteogenic impairment caused by OVX in mice. ConclusionsOur findings proved the suppressive effects of Loc14 on osteoclastogenesis via attenuating calcium oscillation and associated singling pathways, providing ERp57 as a potential therapeutic target for postmenopausal osteoporosis.

A multifaceted role of bisphosphonates from palliative care to anti-cancer therapy in solid tumors.

Bisphosphonates (P-C-Ps) also called diphosphonates are the structural analogs of naturally occurring pyrophosphates. Bisphosphonates are traditionally used and shown to provide long-term success in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis and other bone loss pathologies. Furthermore, bisphosphonates are gaining popularity in the present era of cancer therapeutics and prevention. The usage of bisphosphonates as adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy, either as a single agent or combined with other chemotherapy, has been studied in different solid tumors. This review aims to present the various roles of bisphosphonates in solid tumors. Articles in MEDLINE/PubMed and the National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials Registry (http://www. Clinicaltrials.gov) between 1 January 2011 and 1 February 2022 were extracted using MeSH terms "bisphosphonates/diphosphosphonates and mechanism," "bisphosphonates and breast cancer," "bisphosphonates and prostate cancer," "bisphosphonates and lung cancer," "bisphosphonates and cancer risk," and "bisphosphonates and adverse events." Manual searches of some major oncology journals were also conducted. This review article focuses on the antitumor activity of bisphosphonates, safety profile, and the role of bisphosphonates as preventive, neoadjuvant, and adjuvant chemotherapy. A significant improvement in overall survival and cancer-specific survival and recurrence-free survival with the usage of bisphosphonates is noted in breast cancer patients, particularly in post-menopausal women. Though great progress has been achieved in over 20 years, further research is needed to identify the subgroup of patients that are most likely to benefit from adjuvant bisphosphonate therapy and to determine regimens with greater efficacy and better safety profile.

A pH and near-infrared light dual-responsive drug delivery system based on TiO2 nanotube arrays modified with polydopamine and Fe3+

This paper reports a novel drug delivery system based on TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNTs) modified with polydopamine (PDA) and Fe3+, which can load and release alendronate (NaAL), a drug for osteoporosis treatment, in a pH-responsive and near-infrared light-triggered manner. The samples were characterized by electron scanning microscopy(SEM/EDS), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy(XPS) and Thermogravimetry(TG). The drug release behavior of the samples was investigated under different pH and light conditions. The results showed that the TNTs-PDA-Fe3+ had improved drug loading capacity compared with the TNTs and TNTs-PDA. The drug release was pH-responsive and near-infrared light-triggered, the drug release from the sample with a pH of 4.6 was much greater than the pH of 11 and 7.4, and the photothermal conversion effificiency of TNTs-PDA-Fe3+-NaAL was 32.9 %. The drug release mechanism was attributed to the coordination bond between Fe3+ and NaAL, and the photothermal effect of the PDA. The cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of the samples were evaluated by MTT assay using mouse embryonic osteoblasts cells. The results indicated that the samples had no obvious cytotoxicity and could promote the cell proliferation and differentiation. The paper concludes that the TNTs-PDA-Fe3+-NaAL system is a potential implantable drug delivery platform for bone-related diseases.

Synthesis of hydroxyapatite and strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite for bone replacement and osteoporosis treatment

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is an inorganic component exhibiting bioactivity similar to that of natural bone. However, it is not resorbed by osteoclasts during bone remodelling due to its lack of bio-resorption property. This can be enhanced by the substitution of other element presented in bone mineral. In this research work, hydroxyapatite (HAp) and strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite (Sr-HAp) were synthesized by a precipitation method. Calcium nitrate tetra hydrate [Ca(NO3)2•4H2O], disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4), and Strontium nitrate [Sr(NO3)2] were used as Ca, PO4 and Sr sources, respectively. Molar ratio Ca/P=1.67 was used to synthesize HAp, where (Ca+Sr)/P=1.67 was used to synthesize strontium substituted-HAp (Sr-HAp). The reaction was carried out at room temperature. The results show that pure HAp and Sr-HAp were formed with nanometer-sized particles. Sr substitution in the HAp lattice results in an increase in both the lattice disorder and crystal aspect ratio. The results of in vitro bioactive testing using simulated bodily fluid also showed that both HAp and Sr-HAp have high bioactive, with the Sr-HAp sample having the greater bioactive. Therefore, HAp and Sr-HAp have great potential for biological applications.

Characterization of metabolic features and potential anti-osteoporosis mechanism of pinoresinol diglucoside using metabolite profiling and network pharmacology.

Eucommia cortex is the core herb in traditional Chinese medicine preparations for the treatment of osteoporosis. Pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG), the quality control marker and the key pharmacodynamic component in Eucommia cortex, has attracted global attention because of its definite effects on osteoporosis. However, the in vivo metabolic characteristics of PDG and its anti-osteoporotic mechanism are still unclear, restricting its development and application. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to analyze the metabolic characteristics of PDG in rats, and its anti-osteoporosis targets and mechanism were predicted using network pharmacology. A total of 51 metabolites were identified or tentatively characterized in rats after oral administration of PDG (10 mg/kg/day), including 9 in plasma, 28 in urine, 13 in feces, 10 in liver, 4 in heart, 3 in spleen, 11 in kidneys, and 5 in lungs. Furan-ring opening, dimethoxylation, glucuronidation, and sulfation were the main metabolic characteristics of PDG in vivo. The potential mechanism of PDG against osteoporosis was predicted using network pharmacology. PDG and its metabolites could regulate BCL2, MARK3, ALB, and IL6, involving PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, estrogen signaling pathway, and so on. This study was the first to demonstrate the metabolic characteristics of PDG in vivo and its potential anti-osteoporosis mechanism, providing the data for further pharmacological validation of PDG in the treatment of osteoporosis.

Salidroside: A Promising Agent in Bone Metabolism Modulation.

Rhodiola rosea, a long-lived herbaceous plant from the Crassulaceae group, contains the active compound salidroside, recognized as an adaptogen with significant therapeutic potential for bone metabolism. Salidroside promotes osteoblast proliferation and differentiation by activating critical signaling pathways, including bone morphogenetic protein-2 and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, essential for bone formation and growth. It enhances osteogenic activity by increasing alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization markers, while upregulating key regulatory proteins including runt-related transcription factor 2 and osterix. Additionally, salidroside facilitates angiogenesis via the hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor pathway, crucial for coupling bone development with vascular support. Its antioxidant properties offer protection against bone loss by reducing oxidative stress and promoting osteogenic differentiation through the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway. Salidroside has the capability to counteract the negative effects of glucocorticoids on bone cells and prevents steroid-induced osteonecrosis. Additionally, it exhibits multifaceted anti-inflammatory actions, notably through the inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 expression, while enhancing the expression of interleukin-10. This publication presents a comprehensive review of the literature on the impact of salidroside on various aspects of bone tissue metabolism, emphasizing its potential role in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and other diseases affecting bone physiology.

Vitamin D3 suppresses Npt2c abundance and differentially modulates phosphate and calcium homeostasis in Npt2a knockout mice

Vitamin D3 is clinically used for the treatment of vitamin D3 deficiency or osteoporosis, partially because of its role in regulating phosphate (Pi) and calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis. The renal sodium-phosphate cotransporter 2a (Npt2a) plays an important role in Pi homeostasis; however, the role of vitamin D3 in hypophosphatemia has never been investigated. We administered vehicle or vitamin D3 to wild-type (WT) mice or hypophosphatemic Npt2a−/− mice. In contrast to WT mice, vitamin D3 treatment increased plasma Pi levels in Npt2a−/− mice, despite similar levels of reduced parathyroid hormone and increased fibroblast growth factor 23. Plasma Ca2+ was increased ~ twofold in both genotypes. Whereas WT mice were able to increase urinary Pi and Ca2+/creatinine ratios, in Npt2a−/− mice, Pi/creatinine was unchanged and Ca2+/creatinine drastically decreased, coinciding with the highest kidney Ca2+ content, highest plasma creatinine, and greatest amount of nephrocalcinosis. In Npt2a−/− mice, vitamin D3 treatment completely diminished Npt2c abundance, so that mice resembled Npt2a/c double knockout mice. Abundance of intestinal Npt2b and claudin-3 (tight junctions protein) were reduced in Npt2a−/− only, the latter might facilitate the increase in plasma Pi in Npt2a−/− mice. Npt2a might function as regulator between renal Ca2+ excretion and reabsorption in response to vitamin D3.

Effect of probiotic supplementation in murines with induced osteoporosis: systematic review with meta-analysis

Postmenopausal osteoporosis results in low bone mineral density, interference in bone microarchitecture, decreased bone strength, and an increased risk of fragility fractures. This systematic review aimed to increase the level of evidence on supplementation with bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium in induced osteoporosis in murines, rats, and ovariectomized female mice (OVX). The search was initially conducted using the PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, and Scielo databases in 2024, using the keywords “osteoporosis”, “murine”, “ovariectomized”, “OVX”, and “Bifidobacterium”. In total, 89 full articles, abstracts, or book chapters were found and after detailed screening, 5 studies met the inclusion criteria, using 66 animals, randomly divided between control and treatment groups. The results demonstrated that oral supplementation with bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium significantly improves parameters indicative of bone health BMD, BMC, BV/TV%, and Tb.Sp. In conclusion, this meta-analysis provides evidence that bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium are involved in anti-osteoporotic mechanisms in female OVX rats and mice, as a preclinical model, and suggests the need for further studies in postmenopausal women as a therapeutic alternative or complementary therapy to conventional osteoporosis treatments.

Research progress on perioperative management of tooth extraction in denosumab-treated patients

Denosumab, a human monoclonal antibody, is used for the prevention of malignant tumor-related bone events and the treatment of osteoporosis with high fracture risk. Since its approval in China in 2019, denosumab-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (DRONJ) has attracted increasing attention. DRONJ, similar to bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, often occurs after tooth extraction and manifests as exposed bone necrosis, purulent discharge, facial swelling and pain, severely impacting patients' quality of life. However, the perioperative management strategies for DRONJ differ from those for bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. This article summarizes the perioperative management strategies for high-risk DRONJ patients from aspects such as oral hygiene care, antibiotic use, drug discontinuation during the perioperative period, and surgical strategy selection, aiming to provide guidance for oral surgeons in managing tooth extraction in denosumab-treated patients.

Efficacy and Safety of Anti-Osteoporotic Agents across CKD Stages: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

Osteoporosis poses a significant health concern, especially for individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD disrupts mineral and bone metabolism, heightening the risk of fractures and complicating the management of osteoporosis. While anti-osteoporotic interventions aim to address bone health in CKD patients, ongoing research is essential to understand the comparative efficacy and safety of these medications, particularly in different CKD stages, notably in stages 4 and 5. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane CENTRAL for randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy and safety of osteoporosis interventions in CKD up to June 15, 2024. The analysis utilized the pooled odds ratio (OR) along with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI), employing Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software, version 3.0. To assess heterogeneity in the results of individual studies, we used Cochran's Q statistic and the I2 statistic. We analyzed 12 randomized controlled trials involving 31,027 participants, revealing a significantly lower risk of vertebral fractures with anti-osteoporotic agents (teriparatide, denosumab, romosozumab, raloxifene) compared to placebo (pooled OR, 0.28 [95% CI, 0.22-0.36]). Stratification by CKD stages showed a lower risk in Stages 1-3 but no significant reduction in stages 4 and 5. Teriparatide, denosumab, and romosozumab were effective in lowering fracture risk, whereas Raloxifene showed no significant effect. The lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip BMD showed no significant differences between anti-osteoporotic agents (denosumab, raloxifene, risedronate, alendronate, teriparatide) and placebo. However, romosozumab demonstrated a significantly greater BMD change in all kidney function categories. No reported side effects were observed in CKD stages 1-5 across the trials. Our meta-analysis highlights the effectiveness of anti-osteoporotic agents in lowering vertebral fracture risk in CKD patients, particularly in stages 1-3. However, this benefit is not apparent in stages 4 and 5, necessitating further research. Despite the absence of reported side effects in CKD patients, clinicians should carefully assess the suitability of these medications, considering individual risks and benefits.

The role of the PI3K/Akt pathway in adenosine’s mechanism of action in osteoporosis with oxidative stress: A wet-dry experimental approach strategy

Adenosine, a nucleoside, regulates various systems, such as the cardiovascular, immune, and nervous systems, by binding to Adenosine receptors. To elucidate the role of Adenosine in Osteoporosis, this study employed an experimental approach involving the stimulation of bone formation in osteoporotic zebrafish and the reduction of reactive oxygen levels in a glucocorticoid-induced zebrafish model of Osteoporosis with oxidative stress. Adenosine significantly promoted the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells and increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). It also elevated nitric oxide, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase levels while decreasing malondialdehyde. The target of Adenosine’s impact on Osteoporosis with oxidative stress was elucidated through network pharmacology, revealing the PI3K/Akt pathway, a finding corroborated through RT-qPCR analysis. Hence, we present the mechanism through which Adenosine can be utilized to prevent and manage Osteoporosis accompanied by oxidative stress, distinct from the previously identified mode of action of Adenosine in osteoporosis treatment.

Enhanced osteogenic differentiation for osteoporosis treatment through controlled icariin release in the bone cavity via extracorporeal shock wave

Controlling drug release from the bone cavity through physical stimulation remains a challenge because the unique shielding properties of the bone structure make it difficult for many physical stimuli to be effective in skeletal disorders. Herein, we designed a type of high-loading nanocomposites self-assembled from Icariin (ICA), Ca2+, and Zoledronic acid (ZOL), which could respond to extracorporeal shock wave (ESW) to control drug release in the bone cavity and govern osteoblast-adipocyte lineage commitment to prevent osteoporotic fracture. The nanocomposites contain more than 70 % of the payloads and exhibit excellent function in bone marrow targeting. When shocked with ESW, the payloads including ICA, Ca2+, and ZOL, can be released in the bone marrow. ICA can inhibit the formation of adipocyte lineages and promote the formation of osteoblast lineages by inhibiting the transcription of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), ESW, and Ca2+ further increase osteoblast activity meanwhile, and ZOL acts as an inhibitor of osteoclasts, leading to an overall anabolism. In vivo, the treatment contributed to a significant increase in bone anabolism, including bone-related parameters, bone strength, and bone resilience, ultimately greatly reducing the risk of osteoporotic fracture. This study demonstrated the high feasibility of combining the bone-penetrating ESW-responsive drug-controlled release system with the regulation of osteoblast-adipocyte lineage commitment for osteoporotic fracture prevention.

The Role of Sport in Human Health: Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis

Introduction and purpose Osteoporosis is the most prevalent metabolic bone disease, characterized by diminished bone mineral density, compromised bone microarchitecture, and geometry, culminating in diminished bone strength and susceptibility to fractures. Physical activity posits potential as a preventive measure and therapeutic approach for osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of physical activity on the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Materials and method In order to curate appropriate sources for this article, a comprehensive search was conducted within the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. A brief description of the state of knowledge One of the risk factors for osteoporosis is a lack of physical activity. For this reason, many scientists have decided to conduct some research to determine whether physical activity will have a beneficial impact on both the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. These studies show that physical activity can benefit people with osteoporosis by improving bone density, balance, strength, and overall physical function. Regular and long-term exercise is essential to maximize these benefits. Summary The studies conducted so far provide promising results and confirm the beneficial impact of physical exercises on people with osteoporosis as well as on the prevention of this disease. Exercises should be performed regularly and persistently.

Structural equation model analysis of the effect of visceral fat on osteoporosis

BackgroundOsteoporosis is a considerable public health challenge in Moyu County, Xinjiang. Here, we evaluated the influencing factors of osteoporosis in this region.MethodsWe recruited 7,761 participants and randomized them into normal and osteoporotic populations based on T-score. The effects of general conditions, body composition, calcium sources and exercise, respiratory exposure, and daily diet on osteoporosis were analyzed. Furthermore, a structural equation model was constructed to uncover the direct and indirect influencing factors of osteoporosis.ResultsAmong the participants, 1,803 (23.23%) had normal bone mass while 1,496 (19.28%) had osteoporosis. The univariate analysis showed significant differences in the general conditions, body composition, calcium sources and exercise, respiratory exposure, and daily diet. Stratification based on age (45 years) and body mass index (BMI) (18.5 kg/m2) showed variations in the body composition between the two groups; however, the visceral fat differed significantly. Logistic regression analysis affirmed the association of visceral fat index as it was included in all equations, except for age and female menopause. The structural equation exhibited that the general conditions, body composition, and, calcium sources, and exercise were direct factors of osteoporosis, while respiratory exposure and daily diet were indirect factors. The standardized path coefficient was highest in general conditions, followed by body composition, and lastly, calcium sources and exercise.ConclusionObesity, besides age and female menopause, is also an influencing factor of osteoporosis. The visceral fat index plays a vital role in osteoporosis. Our findings may provide experimental evidence for early prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

Determination of bisphosphonate properties in terms of bioavailability, bone affinity, and cytotoxicity

BackgroundThe study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of fourteen newly synthesized bisphosphonates by assessing their bioavailability, bone affinity, and cytotoxicity. These bisphosphonates included a series of aminomethylenebisphosphonates and standard compounds such as risedronate and tiludronate.MethodsDrug permeability was determined using Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assays (PAMPA), while bone affinity was assessed by sorption on hydroxyapatite. Bacterial cell response to the bisphosphonates was also examined using Lactobacillus paracasei cells as a model.ResultsSeveral tested compounds, including BP3 to BP8 and BP11, which feature substituents in the pyridine ring such as methyl groups, iodine, bromine, chlorine, or hydroxyl groups, demonstrated potentially more beneficial therapeutic properties than commercially used bisphosphonates. These compounds showed stronger bone affinity and higher gastrointestinal absorption with comparable or lower cytotoxic effects. Specifically, BP11 exhibited the highest bone affinity, while BP8 and BP11 showed the greatest permeability.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that BP3 BP8, and BP11 are promising candidates for further research. These results highlight the importance of comprehensively evaluating bisphosphonates' therapeutic properties to identify effective treatments for osteoporosis and other bone diseases.Graphical abstract