Treatment Of Oral Mucosal Lesions Research Articles

Efficacy of autologous platelet concentrates in the treatment of oral mucosal lesions: A systematic review

Efficacy of autologous platelet concentrates in the treatment of oral mucosal lesions: A systematic review

Knowledge and Awareness of Oral Mucosal Diseases Among Saudi Dentists

Background: Oral mucocutaneous lesions have a significant impact on patient care. Late diagnosis of oral lesions may affect patients' quality of life and prognosis. Dentists are usually the first to encounter such lesions, and many studies have explored the knowledge and management related to oral cancer. However, not many studies have examined a more comprehensive understanding and management of oral lesions, including infectious and autoimmune/immune-mediated diseases. Aims: This study aimed at evaluating dentists’ knowledge and referral patterns regarding oral mucocutaneous diseases. Methods: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate dentists’ knowledge about oral mucocutaneous diseases and referral patterns among Saudi dentists. A total of 301 participants were included in the study. It was voluntary and written informed consent was obtained from the participants. A Chi-square test was used to compare the categorical variables. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 301 participants responded. Significant differences were observed between genders when asked about being comfortable with treating oral mucosal lesions in their practice (p-value: .019), and males were more convenient than females. A significant difference (p-value: .011) was observed between different educational levels when the participants were asked about the management of patients with oral mucosal lesions. Overall, the majority of participants rarely or never managed oral lesions. When comparing the different groups of participants, postgraduate residents responded more accurately (p-value: 007). Approximately 60% of all participants did not or rarely managed oral lesions in their practice. Conclusion: It was found that there was a lack of knowledge among dentists regarding the detection and treatment of oral mucosal lesions. This lack of knowledge can lead to unfavorable patient care and prognosis outcomes.

Three-dimensional bioprinting of mucoadhesive scaffolds for the treatment of oral mucosal lesions; an in vitro study

BackgroundChronic oral lesions could be a part of some diseases, including mucocutaneous diseases, immunobullous diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, and graft versus host diseases. Systemic steroids are an effective treatment, but they cause unfavorable and even severe systemic side effects. Discontinuation of systemic corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive drugs leads to relapse, confirming the importance of long-term corticosteroid use. The present study aims to fabricate a mucoadhesive scaffold using three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting for sustained drug delivery in oral mucosal lesions to address the clinical need for alternative treatment, especially for those who do not respond to routine therapy.Methods3D bioprinting method was used for the fabrication of the scaffolds. Scaffolds were fabricated in three layers; adhesive/drug-containing, backing, and middle layers. For evaluation of the release profile of the drug, artificial saliva was used as the release medium. Mucoadhesive scaffolds were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and SEM surface reconstruction. The pH of mucoadhesive scaffolds and swelling efficacy were measured using a pH meter and Enslin dipositive, respectively. A microprocessor force gauge was used for the measurement of tensile strength. For the evaluation of the cytotoxicity, oral keratinocyte cells' survival rate was evaluated by the MTT method. Folding endurance tests were performed using a stable microsystem texture analyzer and analytic probe mini tensile grips.ResultsAll scaffolds had the same drug release trend; An initial rapid explosive release during the first 12 h, followed by a gradual release. The scaffolds showed sustained drug release and continued until the fourth day. The pH of the surface of the scaffolds was 5.3–6.3, and the rate of swelling after 5 h was 28 ± 3.2%. The tensile strength of the scaffolds containing the drug was 7.8 ± 0.12 MPa. The scaffolds were non-irritant to the mucosa, and the folding endurance of the scaffolds was over three hundred times.ConclusionThe scaffold fabricated using the 3D bioprinting method could be suitable for treating oral mucosal lesions.

Management of the Oral Health of Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland.

Managing the oral health of children during the time of a health emergency linked to the current COVID-19 pandemic presents specific problems. A high number of non-specific effective infection control protocols are available in dental settings. It is of fundamental importance to implement specific protocols relating to those clinical situations that normally do not represent an emergency but which now fall into that category. The aim of this study was the comparison of data obtained from the Regional National Health Fund (NFZ) relating to the number and the type of procedures in the oral health management of children aged 0–18 years from the Wielkopolska region, with the months of March and April of 2019 being compared with those of the, respective, pandemic period of 2020. The results showed statistical differences in the number of performed procedures when comparing 2019 and 2020; especially in April (n = 53,077 in 2019 but only n = 2,287 in 2020), when lockdown restrictions reached their highest level and when only 30% of the dental clinics for children were open for patients in the Wielkopolska region of Poland. Regarding surgical cases, there were no differences in percentage frequency between April 2019 and 2020 in terms of extractions. However, an increase was observed in abscess incisions (3.5–17.8%) and surgical dressings (1.5–10.07%). There was a decrease in the total number of performed conservative dentistry procedures in April 2020, but temporary fillings in primary and permanent teeth showed a prominent increase: from 6.4% in 2019 to 19.3% in 2020; and 5.8–11.4%, respectively. Pulp treatment and mucosal lesions therapy fall into the dental emergency category during this COVID-19 pandemic. These cases have shown an increase from 3.2% in 2019 to 12.8% in 2020 for pulp treatment, and from 2.3 to 4.3% for the treatment of oral mucosal lesions. As suspected, after the lockdown was implemented, the number of pediatric dental cases were low. Moreover, the analysis revealed differences in the profile of clinical situations that represented the emergency cases and the pandemic treatment protocols. Future implications suggest that dental prophylactic procedures be included in pandemic protocols with even dental services being limited to a form of urgent treatment. New approaches and treatment models should be implemented in the control of the infectious spread of the disease in the management of the oral health of children in this pandemic period.

A case series of treatment of oral mucosal lesions using diode lasers

Background: Einstein's photoelectric amplification theory provided the template for the development of lasers. With recent technological advancements, the increasing use of lasers in dentistry has had a meaningful impact on the diagnosis and management of oral mucosal lesions. This case series highlights lasers' impact. Case Reports: Five patients with diagnoses of arteriovenous malformation, homogeneous leukoplakia, mucocele, traumatic fibroma, and erosive lichen planus were treated with a diode laser (1,200 J/s; wavelength of 940 nm; 1.5 W; pulse mode). The patients were followed up to evaluate lesion healing and complete healing of the lesion was rapidly achieved with minimal discomfort. Conclusion: Soft-tissue lasers are trending in the management of various oral mucosal lesions due to their advantages of providing higher precision, a clean surgical field with minimal blood loss, accelerated wound healing, and fewer postoperative complications.

Chemical Factors which Prompt Oral Pathological Phenomena In Some Nutrition Diseases

In so-called general pathology, the centre of gravity must fall precisely on the experimental pathology, on the analysis of experimental pathological processes. To understand the life of a diseased organism, it is necessary to know the morphological changes at different stages of development of the pathological processes. Morphopathology deals with the study of morphological changes in a diseased organism. Both disciplines, namely both pathophysiology, as well as morphopathology, complement each other and together constitute a vast field of medical knowledge, namely the so-called pathology (pathos = suffering, disease, and logos = science). Physiopathology uses the data of the morphological changes found as a result of the pathological processes and it is closely related to the pathological anatomy, which deals with the same problems, but from another point of view: both have the same object of study, namely, the diseased human organism. Any pathological action provokes from the very beginning a defence of the body, directed against the injurious agent or the lesion. Pathological phenomena are recognized not only by studying the functional changes of the body and its various parts; taking into account the unity between function and form, it is necessary to study the morphological changes. From the research carried the following resulted: from the total of 165 cases, 102 cases (61.81%) presented diabetes, 34 cases (20.62%) obesity, 29 cases (17.57%) gout. In the treatment of oral mucosal lesions, strong antiseptics will be avoided since these are necrotizing (multiple cases of diabetic angiopathy are known), attention should also be paid to performing fixed or mobile prosthetic works that do not have to traumatize the periodontium and the mucosa of the prosthetic field in order to avoid the possibility of over-infection. Avoid bleeding manoeuvres in case of a diabetic patient with high blood sugar, taking into account the risk of diabetic coma.

Plant-Derived Bioactives in Oral Mucosal Lesions: A Key Emphasis to Curcumin, Lycopene, Chamomile, Aloe vera, Green Tea and Coffee Properties.

Oral mucosal lesions have many etiologies, including viral or bacterial infections, local trauma or irritation, systemic disorders, and even excessive alcohol and tobacco consumption. Folk knowledge on medicinal plants and phytochemicals in the treatment of oral mucosal lesions has gained special attention among the scientific community. Thus, this review aims to provide a brief overview on the traditional knowledge of plants in the treatment of oral mucosal lesions. This review was carried out consulting reports between 2008 and 2018 of PubMed (Medline), Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Database, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The chosen keywords were plant, phytochemical, oral mucosa, leukoplakia, oral lichen planus and oral health. A special emphasis was given to certain plants (e.g., chamomile, Aloe vera, green tea, and coffea) and plant-derived bioactives (e.g., curcumin, lycopene) with anti-oral mucosal lesion activity. Finally, preclinical (in vitro and in vivo) and clinical studies examining both the safety and efficacy of medicinal plants and their derived phytochemicals were also carefully addressed.

Epidemiology of oral mucosal lesions in Slovenia.

BackgroundAmong the diseases of oral mucosa, malignant tumors are the most dangerous, but not the most common lesions that might appear in the oral cavity. Since most of the studies are focused on the detection of cancer in the oral cavity, we were interested in detecting the frequency of benign changes of the oral mucosa in Slovene population. Oral mucosal lesions are important pointer of oral health and quality of life, especially in elderly. The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions, together with information on the risk habits associated with oral health, such as tobacco and alcohol use, can help in planning future oral health studies and screening programs.Patients and methodsSurvey upon oral mucosal lesions was conducted during the national project for oral cancer screening in spring 2017 in the Slovenia in which more than 50% of dentists participated and 2395 patients (904 men and 1491 women) were included.ResultsClinical examination, which was conducted according to the WHO standards revealed that 645 patients (27%) had oral mucosal lesions. The ten most common oral lesions detected were fibroma, gingivitis, Fordyce spots, white coated tongue, cheek biting, linea alba, denture stomatitis, geographic tongue, recurrent aphthous ulcerations and lichen planus.ConclusionsOverall, these epidemiological data suggest need for specific health policies for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of oral mucosal lesions.

Association between oral mucosal lesions and crack and cocaine addiction in men: a cross-sectional study.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions (OMLs) and their association with crack/cocaine addiction in men. Clinical oral examination was performed in 161 adult male patients at the School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Bahia, Brazil. Crack/cocaine addiction was determined from the medical records, and all drug-addicted individuals used both crack and cocaine. All participants (40 crack/cocaine-addicted men and 121 non-addicted men) underwent a systematic evaluation of the lips, labial mucosa, commissures, buccal mucosa and sulcus, gingiva and alveolar ridge, tongue, floor of the mouth, and soft and hard palate by a single examiner. Bivariate and regression analyses were conducted to assess for the presence of OMLs and the association of OMLs with crack/cocaine addiction. OMLs were found in 22 participants with a significantly greater prevalence in the crack/cocaine-addicted group (25 vs. 9.9%; p = 0.01). The most prevalent types of lesions in the addicted group were traumatic ulcer and actinic cheilitis (7.5% for each) followed by fistulae associated with a retained dental root (5%). After adjusting for covariates, crack/cocaine addiction was significantly associated with OMLs (OR = 2.87; 95% CI = 1.08-7.67; p = 0.03). The prevalence of OMLs was higher in crack/cocaine-addicted individuals, and crack/cocaine addiction was significantly associated with OMLs. A public health program aimed at the early diagnosis and treatment of OMLs is vital to improving the oral health status of individuals addicted to crack/cocaine.

Effectiveness of soft tissue diode laser in treatment of oral mucosal lesions

Soft tissue diode lasers are becoming popular among clinicians due to their potential value in surgical procedures providing surface sterilization, dry surgical field, and increased patient acceptance. Two patients with different soft tissue lesions were selected, and soft tissue diode laser was used for excision and wound healing was assessed by visual method with photographs. No discomfort to the patient during and after the laser procedure was observed. Inspite of using minimal local anesthesia, avoiding placement of sutures, and not prescribing any antibiotics, minimal bleeding, no edema, and good wound healing was observed. We conclude that lasers treatments can be superior to conventional approaches with regards to easy ablation, decontamination, and hemostasis, and are less painful during and after the procedure.

TREATMENT OF ORAL MUCOSAL LESIONS BY SCALPEL EXCISION AND PLATELET-RICH FIBRINMEMBRANE GRAFTING: A case report

Purpose: The treatment of oral mucosal lesions and mucosal hypertrophy in particular, is most often achieved by an excision with or without covering the surface of the wound. The platelet rich fibrin membrane (PRFm) is an autogenous product containing platelets and leukocytes and their secreted growth factors and cytokines. The purpose of the presented clinical case is to describe a new, recent technique used for the covering of mucosal wounds left after the removal of pathological lesions. Material and Methods: On a single patient mucosal hypertrophy was removed by an excision with scalpel and the resulting surgical wound was covered with an autogenous PRF membrane. Postoperatively the healing process was followed on the 7th, 14th and 30th day. Results: The healing period went smoothly with minimal postoperative discomfort and no complications. Conclusion: The results of the presented clinical case demonstrate that the PRF membrane can successfully be used to cover postoperative mucosal defects.

Treatment of Oral Mucosal Lesions by Scalpel Excision and Platelet-Rich Fibrin Membrane Grafting: A Review of 26 Sites

One of the preferred treatment options for oral mucosal lesions (eg, leukoplakia and lichen planus) is excision, with or without the use of a coverage agent. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membranes are popular fibrin scaffolds with entrapped platelets that release various growth factors and cytokines to support and enhance wound healing. The aim of the present report was to describe the technique, postoperative wound care, and clinical results of PRF membrane grafting after excision of superficial potentially malignant oral lesions. Autologous PRF membrane was fabricated and grafted over 26 wounds created by excision of small, superficial, potentially malignant lesions of oral mucosa (or fiberotomy in cases of oral submucous fibrosis) and assessed clinically at 7, 15, 30, and 60 days. Healing was satisfactory in all cases, with minimal and manageable complication at 1 site. The results of the present study suggest that PRF membrane is a successful coverage agent that aids in the healing of superficial oral mucosal wounds. Additional comparative studies are required to establish its efficacy compared with that of other agents.

Effectiveness of Diode Laser and Er, Cr:YSGG Laser in the Treatment of Oral Leukoplakia-A Comparative Study

Background: Soft tissue lasers and certain hard tissue laser have been used in the treatment of oral mucosal lesions. This study was an attempt to compare soft tissue laser and hard tissue laser in treating oral leukoplakia. Aim and Objective: To compare the effectiveness of Diode Laser and Er,Cr: YSGG Laser in treating oral leukoplakia by assessing intraoperative pain and bleeding and postoperative pain on the following seven postoperative days as well as wound healing on the 7th, 14th and 21st post-operative days. The one year assessment of recurrence of the lesion was also analysed. Methodology: The study population included five patients, above the age of 18 years, provisionally diagnosed and histopathologically confirmed as having oral leukoplakia. In each patient part of the lesion was treated with Diode laser and the rest with Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Each patient was assessed individually during both laser procedures for intraoperative pain and bleeding during procedure, for postoperative pain on the following seven post-operative days and for wound healing on the 7th, 14th and 21st day after treatment. Pain was assessed using three different pain rating scales and wound healing using visual method. Recurrence by clinical and histopathological analysis after one year. Results: Using Diode laser caused minimal to no pain, excellent hemostasis and good wound healing with no postoperative complications and Er,Cr:YSGG laser caused minimal discomfort to patient, profuse bleeding during procedure and good healing outcome in treatment of oral leukoplakia. No recurrence was observed after one year. Conclusion: While comparing both the lasers, in this present study it has been concluded that Diode laser (940 nm) is superior to that of Er,Cr:YSGG laser (2780 nm) in treating oral leukoplakia. Er, Cr:YSGG laser can also be considered for treating oral leukoplakia.

Stem cell therapy: A novel treatment approach for oral mucosal lesions.

Stem cells have enormous potential to alleviate sufferings of many diseases that currently have no effective therapy. The research in this field is growing at an exponential rate. Stem cells are master cells that have specialized capability for self-renewal, potency and capability to differentiate to many cell types. At present, the adult mesenchymal stem cells are being used in the head and neck region for orofacial regeneration (including enamel, dentin, pulp and alveolar bone) in lieu of their proliferative and regenerative properties, their use in the treatment of oral mucosal lesions is still in budding stages. Moreover, there is scanty literature available regarding role of stem cell therapy in the treatment of commonly seen oral mucosal lesions like oral submucous fibrosis, oral lichen planus, oral ulcers and oral mucositis. The present review will focus on the current knowledge about the role of stem cell therapies in oral mucosal lesions and could facilitate new advancements in this area (articles were obtained from electronic media like PubMed, EBSCO, Cochrane and Medline etc., from year 2000 to 2014 to review the role of stem cell therapy in oral mucosal lesions).

Role of vitamin e in prevention of oral cancer:-a review.

Oral cancer is one of the major global threads to public health. The development of oral cancer is tobacco related mainly. Vitamin-E can inhibit reaction of the tobacco specific nitrosamine which undergoes specific activation, detoxification process. Dietary substitute such as vitamin-E can prevent oral cancer at a very early stage that is in premalignant lesions, in premalignant conditions. Main action of vitamin E includes increase immunity, controls free radicals mediated cell disturbances, maintains membrane integrity, inhibit cancer cell growth, cytotoxicity. Many past studies suggest the role of antioxidant (vitamin-E) in treatment of oral mucosal lesions particularly includes oral leukoplakia, oral lichen planus, oral submucous fibrosis and oral cancer. Vitamin-E as an antioxidant helps in prevention and slow the growth of Head and Neck cancer, improve the effects of cancer chemotherapy and reduce the side effects from both chemotherapy and radiation therapy for cancer patients. As prevention modality use of Vitamin-E may be beneficial for human beings.

The diagnosis and treatment of oral mucosal lesions

The diagnosis and treatment of oral mucosal lesions

In vivo study of liposomes as drug carriers to oral mucosa using EPR oximetry

The purpose of this study was to select the best types of liposomes for use as drug carriers for topical treatment of oral mucosal lesions. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry, using the paramagnetic probe lithium phthalocyanine, was used in vivo to measure the effects of a hyperemic drug, benzyl nicotinate (BN) which was incorporated into liposomes of varying size and composition. The liposomes were made from either hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated soy lecithin and mixed with polymethyl methacrylate ointment for application. EPR oximetry was used to measure the partial pressure of oxygen ( pO 2) in the oral mucosa before and after application of liposomes. It was found that the most pronounced changes of pO 2 in oral mucosa and also the longest action of the drug occurred after the topical application of BN in multi-lamellar liposomes made from hydrogenated soy lecithin ( p < 0.0001). When these liposomes were applied to oral mucosa over 3 successive days it was found that pO 2 increased the most on the first day, the effect gradually decreased following application on the second and third days. The duration of the resulting hyperemia was the longest on the second day ( p < 0.01). Among the examined carriers, multi-lamellar liposomes made from hydrogenated soy lecithin appear to be the most appropriate for local drug delivery to oral mucosa.

Evaluation of Clinical Efficiency of Cepharanthin&reg; for the Treatment of Oral Mucosal Lesions and Glossodynia

Evaluation of Clinical Efficiency of Cepharanthin<SUP>&reg;</SUP> for the Treatment of Oral Mucosal Lesions and Glossodynia