Abstract
In so-called general pathology, the centre of gravity must fall precisely on the experimental pathology, on the analysis of experimental pathological processes. To understand the life of a diseased organism, it is necessary to know the morphological changes at different stages of development of the pathological processes. Morphopathology deals with the study of morphological changes in a diseased organism. Both disciplines, namely both pathophysiology, as well as morphopathology, complement each other and together constitute a vast field of medical knowledge, namely the so-called pathology (pathos = suffering, disease, and logos = science). Physiopathology uses the data of the morphological changes found as a result of the pathological processes and it is closely related to the pathological anatomy, which deals with the same problems, but from another point of view: both have the same object of study, namely, the diseased human organism. Any pathological action provokes from the very beginning a defence of the body, directed against the injurious agent or the lesion. Pathological phenomena are recognized not only by studying the functional changes of the body and its various parts; taking into account the unity between function and form, it is necessary to study the morphological changes. From the research carried the following resulted: from the total of 165 cases, 102 cases (61.81%) presented diabetes, 34 cases (20.62%) obesity, 29 cases (17.57%) gout. In the treatment of oral mucosal lesions, strong antiseptics will be avoided since these are necrotizing (multiple cases of diabetic angiopathy are known), attention should also be paid to performing fixed or mobile prosthetic works that do not have to traumatize the periodontium and the mucosa of the prosthetic field in order to avoid the possibility of over-infection. Avoid bleeding manoeuvres in case of a diabetic patient with high blood sugar, taking into account the risk of diabetic coma.
Highlights
Any pathological process is accompanied by quantitative and qualitative changes of metabolism, which is the main form of life manifestation
Metabolic diseases are disorders affecting a number of nutrients, often characterized by abnormal chemical reactions that may result in various changes in the metabolic process
Diabetes mellitus is par excellence a metabolic disorder initially affecting the carbohydrate, lipidic and protidic secondary metabolism; it is a genetically determined metabolic disorder, which in its complete clinical expression is characterized by hyperglycemia a jeun, atherosclerotic vascular disease, microangiopathy and neuropathy; it is a genetically determined metabolic disease with chronic and staged evolution, influenced by various etiological factors characterized by disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, followed by disorders of lipid and protidic metabolism, angiopathy and neuropathy being component elements of the disease [1-3]
Summary
Avitaminosis A is manifested by ocular and cutaneous disorders. Xerophthalmia is the characteristic disorder of vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin C plays a role in maintaining intercellular substance integrity and formation, in hemopoiesis, in iron absorption, in lipid, carbohydrates metabolism and in the activity of some enzymes (catalase, cathepsin). Oral manifestations are: angular stomatitis that first manifests in the form of a pallor, followed by skin maceration and transverse cracking; cutaneous-mucosal lesions that can touch the wings of the nose, the malarious prolapses, the forehead and the region near the ear; lesions of the lips, of oral mucosa, and of the tongue that are painful, giving a burning sensation, embarrassing the tongue during movement, or when swallowing food and opening the mouth. Pain and burning in the tongue, cheilitis, angular stomatitis, glossitis with pavement appearance, gingivitis with edema and ulcerations are the main symptoms of avitaminosis B. We can find dry lips with rhagas, burning sensations throughout the oral cavity, red oral mucosa, gingivorrhagia, punctuated, engraved, painful tongue, ulcerous-membranous stomatitis [25, 26]
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