Treatment Of Ocular Inflammatory Disease Research Articles

Immunomodulatory Therapy for the Treatment of Ocular Inflammatory Disease: Evidence-based Medicine Recommendations for Use

Immunomodulatory Therapy for the Treatment of Ocular Inflammatory Disease: Evidence-based Medicine Recommendations for Use

Effect of doxycycline on inflammation-related cytokines and apoptosis in human conjunctival epithelial cells

To evaluate the effects of doxycycline on the regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1, CD54), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR) and apoptosis in human conjunctival epithelial cells. Human primary conjunctival epithelial cells were isolated and cultured from donors and identified by immunohistochemistry. Cultured epithelial cells were treated with either 0 U/ml IFN-gamma, 300 U/ml IFN-gamma, 300 U/ml IFN-gamma with 10 microg/ml doxycycline, 300 U/ml IFN-gamma with 20 microg/ml doxycycline, 300 U/ml IFN-gamma with 40 microg/ml doxycycline or 300 U/ml IFN-gamma with 100 microg/ml dexamethasone for 24 hours. The amount of CD54, HLA-DR and IL-1beta was measured by flow cytometry and western blot analysis. Apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry after the cultured epithelial cells were treated for 72 hours. Cultured conjunctival epithelial cells can express CD54 and IL-1beta. IFN-gamma increased the amount of CD54 and IL-1beta (P < 0.01). Doxycycline and dexamethasone inhibited the IFN-gamma induced increase of express of CD54 and IL-1beta of cultured conjunctival epithelial cells, and the inhibiting effect was dependent on the concentration of doxycycline (P < 0.01). Very little HLA-DR and apoptosis were detected before and after treatment with IFN-gamma. Doxycycline can suppress the expression of inflammatory cytokine such as CD54 and IL-1beta, which suggests that doxycycline may be a potent drug for the treatment of ocular surface inflammatory disease.

Orally and Nasally Induced Tolerance Studies in Ocular Inflammatory Disease: Guidance for Future Interventions

The induction of both oral and nasal tolerance has been used in both experimental models of ocular disease and clinically. Initial work centered around the abrogation of experimental autoimmune uveitis using either one or two whole uveitogenic antigens. Other models of ocular disease have included a corneal transplant model, demonstrating that feeding splenocytes from the donor strain of rats enhanced corneal engraftment. Fragments of pertinent antigens have been shown to alter the expression of experimental uveitis and possibly human disease. A randomized, masked study in uveitis provided valuable information for future studies, demonstrating that single antigen feeding provided far better protection than the feeding of multiple antigens. This review will deal with animal and human studies in the treatment of ocular inflammatory disease with the goal of extracting from past experience how to construct a future study in humans.

Immunosuppression in uveitis.

The treatment of ocular inflammatory disease continues to be a major challenge as the clinician tries to balance the risks and the benefits of immunosuppressive therapy. Currently, corticosteroids, antimetabolites, and calcineurin inhibitors are the most commonly used agents. Biologically active agents including monoclonal antibodies, however, provide a promising new form of treatment that can target the immune system more specifically and more safely. Long-term studies are needed to determine the role of biologic agents in the treatment of uveitis.

Determination of dexamethasone sodium phosphate in the vitreous by high performance liquid chromatography.

Dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) is increasingly used in the treatment of ocular inflammatory diseases by systemic, periocular, and recently, intravitreal injection. We have developed a method for the determination of vitreous levels of DSP by reverse phase HPLC. In this method, co-elution of vitreous proteins with DSP is resolved by a prior sample clean-up procedure using Waters Sep-Pak C18 cartridge; the protein is separated and eluted with water while DSP, paraben and prednisone are eluted with methanol. DSP in the resulting sample is then separated by reverse phase HPLC and quantified by UV absorption at 254 nm. The recovery of DSP through the sample clean-up is 68.9 +/- 3.0%. DSP quantitation is linear from 0.1 mg to 1.0 mg per 1.0 ml vitreous. This method provides a simple, sensitive and reliable technique for determining the vitreous levels of DSP.

Surgical Treatment of Ocular Inflammatory Disease

With this book, the authors have addressed an important and neglected subject. As they state in the introduction, the days of universal failure when operating on patients with uveitis are over. book is an expansion of Michelson and Nozik's chapter, Uveitis Surgery, in Duane's Clinical Ophthalmology , and they have been largely successful in providing information not found in other works. As the authors state, In order to be successful in operating on uveitis patients, the ophthalmic surgeon must go beyond the diagnosis of idiopathic uveitis in the majority of cases. A fine introduction outlines a practical approach to the initial evaluation of the patient with uveitis. three chapters coauthored by Mitchell H. Friedlaender, Paracentesis of the Eye, The Immunology of Uveitis, and Corneal Disease and Surgery Associated With Uveitis, are up to date and provide useful information not readily available elsewhere. references are excellent. Useful surgical tips

Surgical Treatment of Ocular Inflammatory Disease

Surgical Treatment of Ocular Inflammatory Disease

Ocular Inflammatory Therapy

The book provides insight into the significant differences among various anti-inflammatory agents. Investigators in the treatment of ocular inflammatory disease have brought the subject up to date in a clear understandable manner, with a searching analysis, numerous statistics, and tables. The pathologic aspects of inflammation are carefully covered, but the curative effect, from a pharmacologic therapeutic point of view, is a different story. It indicates the never-ending search, biochemically and immunologically, for agents that have the maximum curative effect with the least or no toxicity. Much detail is given to the important differences, therapeutic benefits, and relations of the steroids as anti-inflammatory agents. The effectiveness of this group of therapeutic drugs depends on their ability to penetrate ocular cellular membranes. This varies with the different compounds, concentrations, chemical form, and the vehicle or wetting agent, as well as the route of administration (topical, subjunctival, orbital, intramuscular, or intravenous). Local