Treatment Of Occupational Diseases Research Articles

Detection of occupational hazards in a large shipbuilding factory

To provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases by the analysis of existing major occupational hazards and health conditions of workers in a large shipbuilding factory. Field investigation of occupational conditions was conducted to examine the existence of occupational hazards from 2009 to 2012 in a large shipbuilding factory, and then the results of physical examination among its workers were analyzed. Other than the metal dust (total dust), the levels of other dusts and manganese dioxide were beyond the national standard to various degrees, and through a sampling point detection, it was found that the levels of manganese dioxide exceeded the standard by 42.8%. The maximum time-weighted average concentration in individuals was 27.927 mg/m(3), much higher than the national standard limit. For harmful gas detection in individuals, xylene was 38.4%above the standard level (the highest concentration reached 1447.7 mg/m(3)); moreover, both toluene and ethylbenzene exceeded the national standard at different levels. Among the noise-exposed workers, 71%worked in the environment where the daily noise was above the limit of the national standard (85 dB). Physical examinations in 2010 and 2012 showed that the abnormal rate of audiometry in workers was higher than 15%. Dust (total dust), manganese dioxide, benzene, and noise are the main occupational hazards among the workers in the large shipbuilding factory, and strict protection and control for these hazards should be implemented for the workers in the factory.

Features of hearing loss in noise-exposed workers in electronic technology enterprises

Objective To provide support for the control and elimination of occupational noise-induced hearing loss by exploring the features of hearing loss in noise-exposed workers in electronic technology enterprises.Methods A survey on occupational health was conducted in two enterprises.495 workers exposed to environmental noise in the enterprises were studied as noise-exposed group and 160 workers with no noise exposure enrolled as control group.The air conduction thresholds were detected in both ears by routine methods.According to the criteria on GBZA9-2007, the average thresholds were calculated and the hearing status was determined and then was compared between the two groups.Hearing loss in noise- exposed group was analyzed.Results The detectable rate of hearing loss differed significantly between the noise-exposed group and in the control group( 14.9％ vs.1.3％,P＜ 0.01 ).In the noise exposed group,the detectable rate was 15.3％ in the workers exposed to non-stationary noise and 12.5％ in those exposed to stationary noise； and it was 15.3％ for those in charge of punching,13.3％ for polishing,and 11.8％ for grinding.The detectable rate was 8.2％ for the group exposed to noise less than 5 years,8.3％ for greater than 10 years,and 28.4％ for in-between and it was 0.0％,17.9％,and 29.6％ in different age groups of ＜ 25 years,25 to 39 years,and ＞ 39 years,respectively.The detectable rate did not differ significantly among different work types and among different sorts of noise ( P＞ 0.05 for all comparisons ).The x2 test revealed the detectable rate of hearing loss elevated with prolongation of noise exposure and an increase in age ( P＜ 0.01 for all comparisons ).Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed length of work and age were the independent risk factors of hearing loss.Conclusions High-intensity noise causes hearing loss in workers in electronic technology enterprises.It is of importance to enhance the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases to reduce occupational noise-induced hearing loss. Key words: Electronic technology; Noise; Hearing loss

The cognitive level on hazards of occupational disease in the clinic patients with occupational disease

Objective To comprehend the understanding level on harmful factors of occupational disease in clinic patients with occupational disease. Methods 300 clinic patients who had been randomly chosen were surveyed by questionnaires. Results 42 of 300 patients ( 14% ) did not know what kinds of occupational hazards they had been exposing in their workplaces. Only 45.33% of the patients received special training for occupational hazards. 100% of the patients believed that pre-employment physical examination and inspection by supervision agencies were of importance. Conclusions Active education on occupational health and improvement of knowledge about occupational hazards are an important part in the prevention and treatment of occupational disease. Key words: Occupational hazards; Recognition; Survey

Effect of basic occupational health service on prevention and treatment of occupational diseases

目的 探讨劳务输入型地区基本职业卫生服务(BOHS)对职业病防治工作的影响,做好职业病防治工作.方法 依照全国BOHS方案,结合本辖区实际,制定了针对的BOHS方法,如开展多种形式的职业病防治知识宣传,严格执法,分级分类网格化管理,低成本的职业健康检查与有毒有害因素检测,建立用人单位-社区健康服务中心-用人单位职业病防治信息平台.结果 通过3年的BOHS试点,取得了明显的效果.工作场所有毒有害因素监测率、职业健康检查率、劳动者职业病防治知识知晓率由试点前的87.7%、25.7%、47.3%提高到试点后的98.4%99.5%与99.6%.职业病防治机构更加完善,其服务能力明显提高.结论 BOHS试点工作方法可以进一步推广应用。

Epidemiological investigation of welder's pneumoconiosis in two container manufacturing industries in Guangdong province

To investigate the incidence of welder's pneumoconiosis in container manufacturing industries in Guangdong province and present some preventive and curative strategy. Occupational epidemiology study methods were used to study the incidence of welder's pneumoconiosis in two container manufacturing enterprises (enterprise A and enterprise B). Before 2004, the rate of up-to-standard of weld fume concentration in the workplaces was relatively low (< or = 40%), and the maximum value of time weighted average (TWA) was 26.7 mg/m(3). After 2004, with the system of dust control, the rate of up-to-standard was 85% in the enterprise A. Of the 813 weld workers examined, 19 were diagnosed as welder's pneumoconiosis (stage I was 15, while I (+) was 4 ) and the incidence was 2.34% (19/813). The age of electric welders suffering from welder's pneumoconiosis and the duration of dust exposure were (33.45 + 4.64) and (8.04 + 1.97) years respectively. Chest radiographic examination showed mainly small round opacities "p". The value of MVV, FEF25%, FEF50% and FEF75% in lung function tests were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The main features of welder's pneumoconiosis in container manufacturing industries are the short duration of dust exposure, and small round opacities "p" in the chest radiographs. Therefore, it should be the key point of the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases in this industry to control the harmful weld fume.

Progress of prevention and treatment of occupational disease and control strategy

一、我国职业病防治工作进展 (一)我国职业病发病的形势与特点 我国职业病危害形势十分严峻,主要表现在以下几方面: 1.接触职业病危害人数多,患病数量大.据不完全统计,截至2006年伞国累计报告职业病676,562例,其中:尘肺病累计发病616,442例,死亡146,195例,现患470,247例;近15年平均每年新发尘肺病人近1万例.发病特点是:尘肺病例比例增加,发病时间缩短.2006年诊断尘肺病病例比例较2005年提高了1.44个百分点.2006年诊断尘肺病例接触粉尘时间不足10年的占诊断尘肺病例总数的22.62%,其中不足5年的占11.04%,不足2年的占1.57%[1]。

Explanation for some articles in Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Treatment of Occupational Diseases

《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》(以下简则称《职业病防治法》)的颁布实施为职业病防治工作提供了法律依据,并极大地促进了该项事业的发展.然而,笔者在临床工作中体验到,《职业病防治法》中个别条款的释义也给职业病诊断和劳动者合法权益造成一定影响。

The experiment for occupational tricholoroethylene(TCE) poisoning

目的 对本市一家通讯设备公司的作业现场、接触者班末尿及现场工人使用的洗板水进行检测分析,旨在为职业病诊断、治疗提供科学依据.方法气相色谱法(GC-FID法)测定车间空气中的三氯乙烯(TCE),顶空气相色谱法(GC-HS)测定尿样中的三氯乙酸(TCA)含量,气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS法)对洗板水进行挥发组分分析.结果活性碳管采集的具有代表性的3个作业点共31份空气样本,浓度范围在31.2～120.1mg/m3,平均浓度为72.5mg/m3,超出我国工作场所空气中有害物质容许浓度2.4倍;在工人使用的溶剂洗板水中发现含有大量的三氯乙烯成分,含量为93.24%,接触工人班后尿样中TCA含量平均为51.86±24.09mg/L,显著高于对照组(P＜0.001).结论结合临床及流行病学资料,可确定此次职业性损害由三氯乙烯引起。

Current status of the occupational health and safety countermeasures in Beijing, China.

This paper describes the current status of occupational health and safety countermeasures in Beijing, China. It includes the network and organization of occupational health, occupational health personnel, the refitting of industrial structures, hazardous agents at workplaces, the classification and incident rates of occupational diseases. The management of occupational health and safety, new challenges and opportunities for occupational health and safety are also discussed. Countermeasures for occupational health and safety have been formulated by the government of Beijing. At present, they are being implemented and enforced by: (1) strengthening the management of occupational hygiene; (2) encouraging and supporting employment units establishing the occupational health quality management system; (3) promoting research on the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases; (4) improving the transparency in occupational health and safety; (5) motivating the government to improve regulation and standards and (6) developing external occupational health and safety aid programs.

Detection of occupational allergic contact dermatitis by patch testing.

Occupational allergic contact dermatitis (OACD) is an important medical and occupational health problem. If undiagnosed, the disease may persist and even spread widely, resulting in severe and permanent disability to the worker, who may be deprived of his legal right to compensation. OACD is not uncommon in China, although many dermatologists fail to establish the connection between disease and working conditions, because they think that the diagnosis of OACD is the work of occupational medicine and that special diagnostic methods are required. The Ministry of Health and Ministry of Labour and Social Security of China have issued a new law recently to emphasize the prevention and treatment of occupational disease. It requires physicians to make an accurate diagnosis and report of occupation-related diseases. In this study, we have successfully investigated 14 cases of OACD in our hospital by patch testing the patients with a standard series of allergens and investigating by questionnaire the suspected offending occupational allergens. During a 2-year period (2001-2003), 14 patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis were investigated and confirmed as having OACD. OACD may develop in many different occupations. In this study, nickel, 4-phenylenediamine, fragrance mix, black rubber mix, colophonium, epoxy resin and thiuram mix were identified by patch testing as the main offending allergens in such patients. These results indicate that patch testing plays a vital role in the diagnosis and identification of occupational allergens, and our study shows that OACD can often be diagnosed by patch testing patients with a standard series. The clinician should be alert to recognize the offending allergens of OACD by referring to patch testing all patients with clinically suspected contact dermatitis, and then educating the sensitized worker in how to avoid further exposure to the causative allergens.

Common Health‐Care Units in Industrial Parks in Taiwan

Common Health‐Care Units in Industrial Parks in Taiwan: Shih‐Bin Su, et al. Graduate Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University—In Taiwan, according to the Worker' Health Protection Regulation (the Regulation), factories with more than 300 employees in total or more than 100 employees engaged in specific hazardous tasks are required to establish on‐site health‐care units. In addition to general primary care, these units should serve eight specific functions, including health education and promotion, diagnosis and treatment of occupational diseases, vaccination, job placement, health examination, study of occupational health and maintenance of records of occupational diseases and injuries, prevention of occupational diseases and improvement of work environments, and family planning. Factories in the same industrial park are allowed to establish a common health‐care unit instead of individual health‐care units in the factories. We conducted a nationwide survey of the industrial parks and, through site visits, collected data on the pattern of organization, manpower, and services of their common health‐care units with a standard questionnaire. We also evaluated their functions as set forth by the Regulation. As a result, we found only 10 of the 65 (15.4%) industrial parks had common health‐care units and obtained data on 8. The variations in the pattern of organization, manpower, and services were quite large, but most of the units did not carry out all the eight essential functions. Because the establishment of a common health‐care unit can save cost, it is planned by many industrial parks under construction. The results of our survey showed that these units may not function well, which calls for more thoughtful planning and proper law enforcement.

The diagnosis and treatment of occupational diseases: integrating clinical practice with prevention.

The diagnosis and treatment of occupational diseases: integrating clinical practice with prevention.

Occupational Medicine: Surveillance, Diagnosis and Treatment

The title of this book is misleading; one expects a comprehensive treatment of occupational diseases and the practice of occupational medicine. Instead, much of the book deals with the economic, political, legislative, and regulatory climate in which occupational medicine operates in the United States. There is a good summary of the roles played by the different federal agencies in research on and regulation of workplace hazards. It contains eight useful lists of toxic substances arranged by organ systems affected, plus a list of cancer-causing agents. A short discussion of these lists and a few short paragraphs on each of 17 major chemical and physical agents complete the discussion of occupational diseases and treatment. The topics of toxicology and epidemiology (which are important components of occupational medicine) are each summarized in one page. Prevention of disease by industrial hygiene techniques is barely mentioned. The discussion of diagnosis and medical surveillance is

Sounding board. Medicine re-enters the workplace: a new era in occupational medicine?

Occupational medicine in this country has traditionally been a medical specialty characterized by low prestige, few accredited residencies, with even fewer residents, and a paucity of board-certified specialists practicing in the field. Little, if any, occupational medicine has been taught in the curriculum for medical students. Likewise, training for nurses in prevention and treatment of occupational disease has been almost nonexistent. Programs to develop the industrial hygienist who can recognize, evaluate and design controls for occupational hazards have been few and far between.The Department of Health, Education, and Welfare highlighted the crisis in occupational disease in 1970 by estimating . . .

Chelating agents in the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases.

Chelating agents in the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases.