Treatment Of Muscle Spasm Research Articles

Orofacial Uses of Botox in Dentistry and their Associated Risks: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia.

Various healthcare professionals, including dentists, provide botulinum toxin (Botox) for cosmetic and therapeutic treatment. In dentistry, it has multiple uses, such as gummy smile, bruxism, sialorrhea, muscle spasm, and orofacial pain, yet unwanted side effects may arise. This study aimed to investigate the participants' perspective regarding the scope of Botox in dentistry and its associated risk, provider involvement, and factors affecting the choice of which healthcare professions administer Botox injections in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study using an online self-administered survey distributed through social media accounts among adults living in the Makkah region of Saudi Arabia. Four hundred male and female adults were invited to participate. Descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test were used in the study. A total of 256 responses were collected from 204 females and 51 males with a mean age of 33.86 (SD = 10.5) years. Collected data demonstrated knowledge of various Botox indications, which include wrinkle reduction (216 (84.4%)), treatment of muscle spasms (186 (72.7%)), and management of gummy smile (178 (69.5%)). Regarding the side effects, participants chose infections (182 (71.1%)), bruising (180 (70.3%)), and drooping in the eye (176 (68.7%)). Participants selected family and friends as the primary source of their information on Botox treatment. The majority preferred a plastic surgeon, followed by an oral maxillofacial surgeon, to provide the Botox treatment. The usage of Botox therapy in the field of dentistry has increased significantly. Participants had an acceptable level of knowledge regarding the use of Botox in esthetic practices but lacked knowledge of the therapeutic scope of Botox therapy. The majority of participants had no doubt about the medical professionals administering Botox. It is advised to educate the public about the extent of Botox treatment and offer a trustworthy source of information required.

The highest region of muscle spindle abundance should be the optimal target of botulinum toxin A injection to block muscle spasms in rats.

The effective relief of muscle spasticity requires prompt solutions in rehabilitation medicine. This study aimed to reveal that the highest region of muscle spindle abundance is the optimal target of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injections for relieve muscle spasm. Sixty adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats with lower limbs spasm caused by stroke after modeling, weighing (200 ± 20) g, were included in this study. The modelrats were divided into four groups: muscle spasm model group (group A), model rats treated with BTX-A injections into the middle of the muscle belly (group B), model rats treated with BTX-A injections into the center of the intramuscular nerve-dense region (INDR) (group C), and model rats treated with BTX-A injection into the center of the highest region of muscle spindle abundance (HRMSA) (group D). Groups B, C, and D were further divided into two subgroups: the 3rd and 6th days after BTX-A injection. The rats in each group were assigned modified Ashworth scale scores (MAS), and the changes in gastrocnemius muscle tone, wet muscle weight, and cross-sectional area of muscle fiber were detected. Muscle spindle abundance was the highest in the upper part of the INDR. Group B experienced no significant changes in MAS, muscle tone, wet muscle weight, or cross-sectional area of the muscle fiber. Conversely, groups C and D experienced a decrease in these indicators. Group C experienced the most significant decrease in wet muscle weight and cross-sectional area of muscle fibers. Group D experienced the most notable decrease in MAS and muscle tone. There were no significant differences in the indicators between the 3rd and 6th days after BTX-A injections in group B and there were significant differences in the improvement in the indicators between the two subgroups in groups C and D, with group D experiencing more notable intersubgroup differences. The efficacy of BTX-A injections into the HRMSA is significantly superior to that of conventional BTX-A injections into the middle of the belly muscle or the INDR in the treatment of muscle spasms. Hence, HRMSA should be the optimal target of BTX-A to relieve muscle spasms.

Intramuscular injection of Botox causes tendon atrophy by induction of senescence of tendon-derived stem cells

BackgroundBotulinum toxin (Botox) injection is in widespread clinical use for the treatment of muscle spasms and tendinopathy but the mechanism of action is poorly understood.HypothesisWe hypothesised that the reduction of patellar-tendon mechanical-loading following intra-muscular injection of Botox results in tendon atrophy that is at least in part mediated by the induction of senescence of tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs).Study designControlled laboratory studyMethodsA total of 36 mice were randomly divided into 2 groups (18 Botox-injected and 18 vehicle-only control). Mice were injected into the right vastus lateralis of quadriceps muscles either with Botox (to induce mechanical stress deprivation of the patellar tendon) or with normal saline as a control. At 2 weeks post-injection, animals were euthanized prior to tissues being harvested for either evaluation of tendon morphology or in vitro studies. TDSCs were isolated by cell-sorting prior to determination of viability, differentiation capacity or the presence of senescence markers, as well as assessing their response to mechanical loading in a bioreactor. Finally, to examine the mechanism of tendon atrophy in vitro, the PTEN/AKT-mediated cell senescence pathway was evaluated in TDSCs from both groups.ResultsTwo weeks after Botox injection, patellar tendons displayed several atrophic features including tissue volume reduction, collagen fibre misalignment and increased degradation. A colony formation assay revealed a significantly reduced number of colony forming units of TDSCs in the Botox-injected group compared to controls. Multipotent differentiation capacities of TDSCs were also diminished after Botox injection. To examine if mechanically deprived TDSC are capable of forming tendon tissue, we used an isolated bioreactor system to culture tendon constructs using TDSC. These results showed that TDSCs from the Botox-treated group failed to restore tenogenic differentiation after appropriate mechanical loading. Examination of the signalling pathway revealed that injection of Botox into quadriceps muscles causes PTEN/AKT-mediated cell senescence of TDSCs.ConclusionIntramuscular injection of Botox interferes with tendon homeostasis by inducing tendon atrophy and senescence of TDSCs. Botox injection may have long-term adverse consequences for the treatment of tendinopathy.Clinical relevanceIntramuscular Botox injection for tendinopathy or tendon injury could result in adverse effects in human tendons and evaluation of its long-term efficacy is warranted.

Effect of Rehabilitation Program Using Electric Massage in the Treatment of Muscle Spasm with Racine Femoral of 400 Meters Barriers

Effect of Rehabilitation Program Using Electric Massage in the Treatment of Muscle Spasm with Racine Femoral of 400 Meters Barriers

Auxiliary usage of botulinum toxin A in plastic surgery in China.

Currently, botulinum toxin A (BTA) is mainly used in the treatment of muscle spasms and in cosmetic procedures, and its cosmetic indications are expanding rapidly. There have been sporadic reports focused on the preoperative usage of BTA complementing plastic surgery. We briefly summarize the current experience of BTA complementing plastic surgery in China based on clinical experience. We reported a brief review of the preoperative use of BTA as an accessory to plastic surgery (blepharoplasty, chin augmentation, mandibular angle ostectomy, rhinoplasty, hyaluronic acid fillers injection for wrinkle reduction) based on previous studies and our experience. Preoperative treatment with BTA in plastic surgery helps surgeons operate and results in better cosmetic results. Preoperative BTA treatment can reduce the occurrence of surgical complications as well as improve the surgical results in some plastic surgeries. The procedure is suitable for clinical application and worth promoting.

An Overview on Cause of Muscles Cramps or Leg spasms; Types of Muscle Cramps and its Pharmacological Treatment by New Drugs

Muscle issues influence roughly 1 in 3 individuals in the general group every year. A Food and Drug Administration admonitory in 2006 cautioned against the off-mark utilization of quinine sulfate and its subordinates in the treatment of muscle spasms. Albeit likely compelling quinine subsidiaries ought to be maintained a strategic distance from for routine use in the administration of muscle spasms in light of the capability of harmfulness. In clinical trials, no medication treatment for issues has exhibited predictable adequacy and wellbeing and none are affirmed by the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme or the American Food and Drug organization for the most widely recognized type of issue; nighttime leg issues. We exhibited that most doctors utilize a mix of pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies in treating muscle spasms. The most ordinarily utilized meds are Baclofen, Quinine and Gabapentin, of which baclofen and quinine were accounted for to be the most endured. Because of the indistinct danger/advantage proportion of numerous medication medicines, patients are urged to attempt non-drug medicines. The point of this anticipates was to methodically survey the proof for non-drug medicines for lower appendage spasm. Nighttime leg spasms are normal in more established individuals. Such issues are connected with numerous regular infections and meds. Quinine is tolerably powerful in anticipating nighttime leg issues.

Comparison of the Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics of Once-Daily Cyclobenzaprine Extended-Release 30 mg and Cyclobenzaprine Immediate-Release 10 mg Three Times Daily in the Elderly

The clinical utility of cyclobenzaprine for the treatment of muscle spasm associated with acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions is limited by cholinergic adverse effects associated with its use. As expected, these effects may be pronounced in the elderly in whom altered renal and hepatic function may change drug pharmacokinetics. The goal of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics of the extended-release formulation of cyclobenzaprine (CER) in elderly volunteers. This randomized, open-label, two-period crossover study compared the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of a single oral 30-mg dose of CER with those of 10 mg of cyclobenzaprine immediate-release (CIR) administered every 8 hours for a total of three doses in 18 healthy volunteers aged 65-75 years. Volunteers were assigned to either CER or CIR on days 1 and 15 (separated by a 14-day washout). Outcome measures included area under the plasma cyclobenzaprine concentration versus time curve (AUC) to 168 hours (AUC168) and infinity (AUC infinity), peak plasma cyclobenzaprine concentration (Cmax), time to observed Cmax (tmax) and terminal elimination half-life of cyclobenzaprine. Adverse events (AEs) were monitored during the study through 3 weeks after the last dose of study drug. Eighteen subjects were randomized and completed the first treatment period; 17 completed both periods of the study. The pharmacokinetics of CER 30 mg were characterized by an absorption phase with a median t(max) of 8 hours compared with an initial peak for CIR (following the first dose) at about 5 hours. Plasma cyclobenzaprine concentrations at 5 hours were 13.6 ng/mL for CER and 11.0 ng/mL for CIR. Systemic cyclobenzaprine exposure (AUC168, AUC infinity and Cmax) was similar for a single dose of CER and three doses of CIR and met bioequivalence criteria. Most AEs were mild in intensity; the most common AE was somnolence. No serious AEs or discontinuations as a result of AEs were reported during the study. Once-daily CER 30 mg exhibited controlled release of cyclobenzaprine and resulted in systemic exposure similar to that of CIR in subjects aged 65-75 years.

Treatment of muscle spasm in spinal dysfunction

(2008). Treatment of muscle spasm in spinal dysfunction. Veterinary Nursing Journal: Vol. 23, No. 5, pp. 12-18.

Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics of Once-Daily Cyclobenzaprine Extended Release 30 mg versus Cyclobenzaprine Immediate Release 10 mg Three Times Daily in Healthy Young Adults

Cyclobenzaprine immediate release (CIR) has shown efficacy in the treatment of muscle spasm associated with acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions. An extended-release formulation of cyclobenzaprine (CER) has been developed to provide effective muscle spasm relief with once-daily dosing. The objective of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of CER and CIR. This was a single-centre study of 18 healthy young adults (aged 18-45 years). Healthy volunteers were assigned to receive either a single dose of CER 30 mg or three doses of CIR 10 mg on days 1 and 15 (separated by a 14-day washout) in an open-label, two-period crossover study. Pharmacokinetic parameters were monitored through 168 hours after the last dose in each dose period; adverse events (AEs) were monitored during the study through 3 weeks after the last dose of study drug. Cyclobenzaprine was administered as a single oral 30 mg dose of CER or three 10 mg oral doses of CIR given every 8 hours over 24 hours. Statistical tests were conducted against a two-sided alternative hypothesis at a 0.05 level of significance with equivalence limits of 80% and 125%. Measures included area under the plasma cyclobenzaprine concentration versus time curve (AUC) to 168 hours and infinity, maximum plasma cyclobenzaprine concentration (C(max)), and time to observed C(max) (t(max)). Eighteen subjects were randomized and 17 completed both periods of the study. CER exhibited a consistent concentration-time profile with a single peak, in contrast to the pharmacokinetic profile for CIR, which displayed multiple peaks and troughs over the 24-hour period. The pharmacokinetic profile of CER 30 mg was characterized by an absorption phase with a median t(max) of approximately 6 hours, compared with the initial peak of CIR (following the first dose) of about 4 hours. Mean plasma concentrations at 4 hours were comparable (12.1 ng/mL for CER; 12.4 ng/mL for CIR). Systemic cyclobenzaprine exposure (AUC and C(max)) was similar across both formulations. The C(max) for CER 30 mg was 19.2 ng/mL (median t(max) = 6 hours) and for CIR (following the third dose) was 18.1 ng/mL (median t(max) = 12 hours). All AEs were mild in intensity; the most common AE was somnolence. The pharmacokinetic profile of once-daily CER reflected the mode of administration, providing a controlled release of cyclobenzaprine with sustained plasma concentrations, in contrast to the fluctuating profile of CIR. CER 30 mg once daily and CIR 10 mg three times daily resulted in comparable systemic exposures.

A Clinical and Pharmacologic Review of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants for Musculoskeletal Conditions

Muscle strains and other musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a leading cause of work absenteeism. Muscle pain, spasm, swelling, and inflammation are symptomatic of strains. The precise relationship between musculoskeletal pain and spasm is not well understood. The dictum that pain induces spasm, which causes more pain, is not substantiated by critical analysis. The painful muscle may not show EMG activity, and when there is, the timing and intensity often do not correlate with the pain. Clinical and physiologic studies show that pain tends to inhibit rather than facilitate reflex contractile activity. The decision to treat and choice of therapy are largely dictated by the duration, severity of symptoms, and degree of dysfunction. Trigger point injections are sometimes used with excellent results in the treatment of muscle spasm in myofacial pain and low-back pain. NSAIDs are used with much greater frequency than oral skeletal muscle relaxants (SMRs) or opioids in the treatment of acute MSDs. Unfortunately, remarkably little sound science guides the choice of drug for the treatment of acute, uncomplicated MSDs, and the evaluation of efficacy of one agent over another is complicated by numerous factors. Only a limited number of high-quality, randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) provide evidence of the effectiveness of NSAIDs or SMRs in the treatment of acute, uncomplicated MSDs. The quality of design, execution, and reporting of trials for the treatment of MSDs needs to be improved. The combination of an SMR and an NSAID or COX-2 inhibitor or the combination of SMR and tramadol/acetaminophen is superior to single agents alone.

Tetanus--still a topic of present interest: a report of 27 cases from a Belgian referral hospital.

To study the clinical presentation, treatment and outcome of tetanus in a European population. A retrospective study. A large university hospital with a regional as well as a referral service. All patients with tetanus from 1983 till 1993. Twenty-seven patients (13 men, 14 women; mean age 68.5 years) were studied. Seventeen out of 24 wounds (three patients had no history of a recent wound) were described as tetanus-prone. Ten patients had medical wound care, but none received tetanus immunoglobulins despite the absence of tetanus immunity. All patients had the generalized type of the disease. The classical symptoms of trismus, dysphagia and muscular rigidity were present in all patients. Treatment consisted of wound management, neutralization of tetanus toxin by immunoglobulins, antibiotics, treatment of muscle spasm and instability of the autonomic nervous system, and supportive care. Twenty-five patients were admitted to the intensive care unit for a mean duration of 25.7 days. Sixteen patients were artificially ventilated for a mean duration of 27.5 days. Three patients died, 11 patients had a complicated course caused by haemodynamic instability and 15 patients had pulmonary complications. Tetanus has not vanished. It remains a difficult-to-treat disease with a substantial morbidity and mortality rate. Prevention during wound management of tetanus-prone wounds was inappropriate in many patients. The elderly population may have the highest risk for tetanus since they may not have had tetanus toxoid immunization or regular booster injections.

Centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants and associated drugs

A review of available studies supports a role for muscle relaxants in the treatment of painful musculoskeletal disorders. The utility of these drugs is limited by sedation and other side effects, as well as by the potential for abuse and dependency. Other drugs can also be used in the treatment of muscle spasm, specifically diazepam, baclofen, dantrolene sodium, and quinine sulfate. The pharmacology of the muscle relaxants and these other agents is discussed and practical suggestions for use are offered.

Treatment of muscle spasms with oral dantrolene sodium

A case of severe muscle spasms relieved by oral administration of dantrolene sodium is presented. The patient had undergone full-mouth extraction 2 days prior to onset of her spasms. The treatment consisted of intravenous diazepam followed by oral dantrolene sodium. The spasms lasted for approximately 10 days.

Baclofen overdose

Reported is a case of baclofen overdose in a 23-year-old woman. The patient manifested typical symptoms of baclofen overdose, including hypotonia, respiratory depression, and seizures. She was treated successfully with positive pressure ventilation, sedation, and intravenous antibiotics, and was discharged from the hospital on the 14th day following admission with no residual neurological signs, to be followed up in medical and psychiatric outpatient clinics. As baclofen becomes increasingly popular in the treatment of muscle spasm in certain neurological disorders, its availability for misuse increases.

THE USE OF COLD INSTEAD OF HEAT FOR THE RELIEF OF MUSCLE SPASM

For centuries, man has appreciated the beneficial effects of heat in relieving pain, and various forms of heat have been widely used in physiotherapy techniques to ease pain and facilitate movement. However, the results in relief of muscle spasm have not been uniformly good In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the use of cold to relieve muscle spasm and pain. J. Travell (1949, 1952) reported on the use of cold in the relief of painful muscle spasm and regarded “trigger” points as of major importance. M. Ellis (1961) commented on the effect of cold in painful muscle spasm, and put forward the theory that relief was effected by bombarding the skin with such a barrage of cold impulses that the pain was obliterated, with a resultant relaxation in the restricted area. The relevant value of heat and cold in the treatment of muscle spasm has been reviewed recently by Don Tigny and Sheldon (1962).

Recent Advances in the Treatment of Rheumatism

DR. KERSLEY, after welcoming his guests, commenced his talk with a short history of Bath and of the Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases. He then emphasized the importance of arthritis to industry and the country. In 1953 it cost industry 28,000,000 days and cost the country £80,000,000. It was second only to mental disease as an expense to the nation, coming before that of tubercle, bronchitis, psychoneurosis and accidents. In addition it was the greatest home wrecker, often destroying the value of two lives, not one, owing to the need for home nursing and care extended over many years. The theme of the Royal National Hospital was team work, under the supervision of the physician, the maintenance of a broad view without fads, and the recognition of the patient as a person, who must be taught what is good or bad for him and how to live both physically and mentally with his disease. Co-operation from outside was needed to select those cases requiring special treatment, to follow them up and arrange aftercare, to minimize relapse after treatment and to utilize the partly disabled to the best of his ability. This involved the use of resettlement boards, the application of aids and gadgets, and transportation arrangements. These points were illustrated by a demonstration of gadgets (see p. 10), reference to Dr. Clemmesen's rehabilitation scheme at Copenhagen and trade testing experiments at the Robert Brigham Hospital at Boston and the Treborg Institute at Copenhagen. Dr. Kersley then proceeded to summarize very briefly the current views on treatment of various arthritic conditions. In rheumatoid arthritis, a biochemical problem with internal and external factors, the need was for mental and physical rest, attention to the general health, the aspirin type of analgesics, physical treatment and, in selected groups, the use of gold, steroids or butazolidin. Osteoarthritis, with again internal and traumatic factors, consisted of a generalized type mainly depending on the former and an oligarticular type where trauma played a large part. Saving joints from traumata, with mobilizing and strengthening exercises, was the main theme of treatment, coupled with treatment of muscle spasm and fibrositis and often some reassur-

“Muscle spasm” in acute low back pain and similar syndromes: A new method of treatment with curare (d-tubocurarine in oil and wax)

In an attempt to exploit the physiological properties of curare in the treatment of muscle spasm, a new preparation has been used. This preparation, d-tubocurarine in oil and wax, because of its slow absorption affords a much more satisfactory therapeutic index and a more prolonged effect than the aqueous solution. A series of cases in which patients with true muscle spasm were treated is described, and in addition a small group with a similar clinical picture but of possibly different origin is included.

Neostigmine in the Treatment of Muscle Spasm in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Neostigmine in the Treatment of Muscle Spasm in Rheumatoid Arthritis