Treatment Of Methanol Research Articles

Mechanistic insight into ochratoxin A adsorption onto the cell wall of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Bm01 and its impact on grape juice quality

The contamination of food products with ochratoxin A (OTA) is a significant and pervasive food safety concern. In this regard, the novel use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to eliminate OTA from food has shown strong potential. The adsorption of OTA to the Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Bm01 (Bm01) cell walls has been demonstrated to eliminate OTA from grape juice effectively. The present study investigated the specific components of the Bm01 cell wall on OTA adsorption and evaluated the effect of Bm01 on grape juice quality using high-performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the treatment of methanol and formaldehyde caused cell membrane perforation and enhanced OTA adsorption of Bm01, which reduced 98.35% and 95.13% of OAT, respectively. The involvement of cell wall proteins in the adsorption of OTA was demonstrated because only 5.23% of OTA was removed by Bm01 without cell wall proteins. Lactic (from 0 to 1.69 mg/mL) and acetic acid levels (from 0.14 to 1.45 mg/mL) were increased, malic acid (from1.24 to 0.81 mg/mL), glucose (from 8.8 to 6.91 mg/mL), and fructose (from 12.73 to 7.47 mg/mL) levels were reduced after treatment with Bm01. The addition of Bm01 shows little negative impact on color and light transmission. Overall, the effect of the addition of Bm01 on the quality of grape juice was found to be minimal. These results indicate that Bm01 has the potential to be a viable biological solution for mitigating OTA contamination in beverages, thereby offering a practical and effective method for food safety.

Methanol Synthesis from Sustainable Feedstocks – A Quantitative Side Product Analysis

AbstractMethanol synthesis from sustainable feedstocks will play an important role in the future's energy system. To enable an accurate design of crude methanol distillation systems, detailed knowledge about the amounts of side products in crude methanol is required. In this study, crude methanol samples obtained from four experimental setups covering a wide range of process conditions were analyzed for their main and side compounds. By means of a Spearman correlation analysis, the amount of carbon oxides in the reactor feed was identified as determining for the formation of side products. Trend lines describing the amount of side products were derived from the experimental data to enable studies on the downstream treatment of crude methanol.

Inorganic carbon as a key factor governing competition between methanogens and acetogens in high-rate anaerobic treatment of methanol wastewater

The anaerobic treatment of methanolic wastewater has become a crucial issue. Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), as a typical representative of inorganic carbon substances, not only provides alkalinity in the anaerobic treatment of methanol but also governs the competition between methanogens and acetogens. However, a suitable dosage has rarely been mentioned. In this study, we demonstrate the crucial role of NaHCO3 in the anaerobic treatment of methanol using a long-term operated up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and batch tests. The UASB results revealed that by adding 3 to 5 g/L of NaHCO3 to the influent at a high organic loading rate of 50 gCOD/L/d, a significant accumulation of acetic acid was detected, with a maximum value of up to 1400 mg/L. In the context of microbial community evolution, this study profiled substrate competition between the acetogens Acetobacterium and Methanomethylovorans, which directly utilize methanol, as well as the synergistic effects of Acetobacterium and acetoclastic Methanosaeta. Abundance analysis of genes encoding relevant pathway enzymes also revealed that the acetic acid production pathway was significantly enhanced when more NaHCO3 was added. According to the dose–response mechanism in the batch test based on kinetic analysis, an acceptable threshold prediction scheme was beneficial in reasonably adding NaHCO3 to improve acid production capacity and rapid methanol degradation, and ensuring that the generated acetate could be rapidly degraded without inhibition, in the high-rate anaerobic treatment of methanolic wastewater.

Fomepizole dosing during continuous renal replacement therapy – an observational study

Background Fomepizole is the preferred antidote for treatment of methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning, acting by inhibiting the formation of the toxic metabolites. Although very effective, the price is high and the availability is limited. Its availability is further challenged in situations with mass poisonings. Therefore, a 50% reduced maintenance dose for fomepizole during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) was suggested in 2016, based on pharmacokinetic data only. Our aim was to study whether this new dosing for fomepizole during CRRT gave plasma concentrations above the required 10 µmol/L. Secondly, we wanted to study the elimination kinetics of fomepizole during CRRT, which has never been studied before. Methods Prospective observational study of adult patients treated with fomepizole and CRRT. We collected samples from arterial line (pre-filter) = plasma concentration, post-filter and dialysate for fomepizole measurements. Fomepizole was measured using high-pressure liquid chromatography with a reverse phase column. Results Ten patients were included in the study. Seven were treated with continuous veno-venous hemodialysis (CVVHD) and three with continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF). Ninety-eight percent of the plasma samples were above the minimum plasma concentration of 10 µmol/L. Fomepizole was removed during CRRT with a median saturation/sieving coefficient of 0.85 and dialysis clearance of 28 mL/min. Conclusion Fomepizole was eliminated during CCRT. The new dosing recommendations for fomepizole and CRRT appeared safe, by maintaining the plasma concentration above the minimum value of 10 µmol/L. Based on these data, the fomepizole maintenance dose during CRRT could be reduced to half as compared to intermittent hemodialysis.

The Role of Alcohol Dehydrogenase in Drug Metabolism: Beyond Ethanol Oxidation.

Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) are most known for their roles in oxidation and elimination of ethanol. Although less known, ADHs also play a critical role in the metabolism of a number of drugs and metabolites that contain alcohol functional groups, such as abacavir (HIV/AIDS), hydroxyzine (antihistamine), and ethambutol (antituberculosis). ADHs consist of 7 gene family numbers and several genetic polymorphic forms. ADHs are cytosolic enzymes that are most abundantly found in the liver, although also present in other tissues including gastrointestinal tract and adipose. Marked species differences exist for ADHs including genes, proteins, enzymatic activity, and tissue distribution. The active site of ADHs is relatively small and cylindrical in shape. This results in somewhat narrow substrate specificity. Secondary alcohols are generally poor substrates for ADHs. In vitro-in vivo correlations for ADHs have not been established, partly due to insufficient clinical data. Fomepizole (4-methylpyrazole) is a nonspecific ADH inhibitor currently being used as an antidote for the treatment of methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning. Fomepizole also has the potential to treat intoxication of other substances of abuse by inhibiting ADHs to prevent formation of toxic metabolites. ADHs are inducible through farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and other transcription factors. Drug-drug interactions have been observed in the clinic for ADHs between ethanol and therapeutic drugs, and between fomepizole and ADH substrates. Future research in this area will provide additional insights about this class of complex, yet fascinating enzymes.

PENGARUH JENIS PELARUT TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK DAUN UBI JALAR PUTIH (Ipomoea batatas L) MENGGUNAKAN METODE MASERASI


 
 
 This study aims to determine the effect of solvent types on antioxidant activity of white sweet potato leaf extract (Ipomoea batatas L) and to obtain the most appropriate type of solvent to produce white sweet potato leaf extract with high antioxidant activity. The experimental design uses in this research was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with the treatment of solvent types methanol 80%, acetone 80%, ethanol 80% and aquades. The treatment was repeated four times so obtain 16 units of the experimental. Data were analysis of variance and followed by Duncan test if the treatment has a significant effect on measured variable. The results showed that, type of solvent had an obvious effect on antioxidant activity of white sweet potato leaves. Methanol was the best solvent in extract white sweet potato leaves with followed by yield was 32.11%, total flavonoids was 226.45 mg QE / g, total tannin was 16.58 mg TAE / g, vitamin C was 119.42 mg AAE / g and antioxidant activity was 82.42%.
 
 

Prognostic Factors of Outcome in Methanol Poisoning; an 8-year Retrospective Cross-sectional Study.

Identification of high-risk patients with poor prognosis is essential for quick diagnosis and treatment of methanol poisoning to prevent death and improve the outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and laboratory factors in patients with methanol poisoning to determine the prognosis and outcome. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, all patients with methanol poisoning, who had presented to the emergency department of Tohid Hospital, Sanandaj, Iran from 2011 to 2019 (8 years) were enrolled using census method. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to find the independent predictive factors of poor outcome in the mentioned patients. Methanol poisoning was diagnosed in 52 (11.55%) of the 450 cases admitted to hospital for alcohol intoxication. In multivariate analysis, time interval from methanol intake to hospital admission (OR=1.06; 95% CI= 1.00-1.11; p=0.04), respiratory arrest (OR=25.59; 95% CI= 1.37-478.13; p=0.03), and higher concentration of blood glucose (OR=1.03; 95% CI= 1.00-1.09; p=0.03) had a significant correlation with Poor outcomes. Based on the findings of this study, delayed admission to hospital, respiratory arrest and hyperglycemia were identified as independent risk factors of poor outcome in methanol poisoning.

Performance of an air membrane bioreactor for methanol removal under steady and transient state conditions

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of an air membrane bioreactor (aMBR) for the treatment of gas-phase methanol. A laboratory-scale hollow fiber aMBR was operated for 150 days, at inlet methanol concentrations varying between 2 and 30 g m−3 and at empty bed residence times (EBRT) of 30, 10 and 5 s. Under steady-state conditions, a maximum methanol removal efficiency (RE) of 98% was obtained at an EBRT of 30 s and a decrease in RE of methanol was observed at lower EBRTs. On increasing the inlet loading rate, some portion of gas-phase MeOH was stripped into the liquid phase due to its solubility in water. Under transient conditions, the MeOH removal efficiency dropped from an average value of 95%–90% after 5 h of 10-fold shock load and dropped from an average value of 95%–88% under 5-fold increase in shock load. During transient-state tests, the aMBR performed well under different upset loading conditions and a drop in RE of ∼ 5–10% was observed. However, the aMBR performance was restored within 1–2 days when pre-shock conditions were restored. The results from microbial structure analysis revealed a big shift of the dominant methanol degrader, from Candida boidinii strain TBRC 217 to Xanthobacter sp. and Fusicolla sp., respectively.

Waste biomass to methanol–optimisation of gasification agent to feed ratio

Residues from agriculture and forest maintenance (lignocellulosic waste biomass) create a huge source of renewable energy and valuable materials. Gasification of this waste provides combustible gases consisting mainly of H2, CO and CO2, which can be used as syngas feed for methanol synthesis after treatment. Oxygen, steam or their mixtures can be used as gasifying agents in the biomass to methanol process. One of the most important parameters with crucial effect on gas composition and reactor temperature is the gasifying agent to feed mass flow ratio. In this work, gasification process of two samples of mixed agricultural waste, gas treatment and synthesis of methanol from the syngas produced was designed and simulated in the Aspen Plus environment. Three different cases were investigated: (1) only oxygen as gasifying agent, (2) oxygen and steam as gasifying agents without steam recycling and (3) oxygen and steam as gasifying agents with steam recycling. Samples of mixed agricultural waste consisted of corn leaves and stalks, wheat straw, barley straw, sunflowers and wood chips were characterised by proximate, ultimate and calorimetric analysis. Oxygen and steam flows were optimised to achieve maximum theoretical yield of methanol while maintaining the gasifier temperature, equal to, at least 900 °C. The best methanol to biomass ratio (MBR) of 0.43 was reached for a sample with lower moisture and ash content when both oxygen and steam were used as gasifying agents. The optimal oxygen to biomass ratio (OBR) was 0.57, and the steam to biomass ratio (SBR) was 0.89.

Enhanced electrolytic treatment for the removal of clopyralid and lindane

In this work, it is evaluated the more critical point of a new electrochemical technology for the removal of organic pollutants based on the regeneration of granular active carbon (GAC) (that can be used efficiently to concentrate aqueous wastes) with methanol and in the electrochemical treatment of methanol with conductive diamond electrochemical oxidation (CDEO). The system proposed was studied with lindane and clopyralid. Results show that it is possible the complete removal of the raw pesticides and intermediates formed by electrolyzing these species in methanol media and that both sodium chloride and sodium hydroxide can be used as supporting electrolyte to increase the conductivity of methanol. The cell voltages obtained are quite similar to those obtained during the electrolysis of aqueous wastes. The electrolysis of these dilute solutions does not generate significant concentrations of intermediates and the depletion of the raw pollutant fits well to a pseudo-first order kinetic model. Oxidants capable to oxidize iodide to iodine are produced during the electrolysis in methanol media and they have an important influence on the degradation of the pollutants. The new technology, based on the concentration of the pollutant before electrolysis, allows to remove completely pollutants from soil and soil washing fluids in a more efficient way, although the concentration of pollutant attained and, hence, the efficiency of the overall removal process depends on the adsorption equilibria of the pollutant in aqueous and methanol media.

Highly effective enhancement of waste activated sludge dewaterability by altering proteins properties using methanol solution coupled with inorganic coagulants

Proteins are the dominant organic component of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in waste activated sludge (WAS), and play an important role during sludge dewatering processes. Methanol is a polar hydrophilic reagent and can denature proteins, which suggested to us that the modification of protein configurations with methanol could improve sludge dewatering performance.In this study, methanol was used to precondition WAS prior to adding inorganic coagulants for dewatering enhancement. The morphology and EPS properties (especially of proteins) were investigated to analyze and explain the effects of methanol in the sludge conditioning process. The results show that methanol performed much better than traditional inorganic coagulants in improving sludge dewaterability in term of specific resistance to filtration (SRF) and cake solid content (CSC). Extractable proteins in EPS increased to a maximum when the concentration of methanol reached 40% (w/w) because cell membranes were destroyed and intracellular substances and water were released. Floc protein content was reduced with the further increase in methanol concentration due to protein precipitation. Confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis indicated that proteins precipitated and formed larger aggregates because methanol destroyed both the hydration shell and the hydrophobic clusters of proteins and expanded the protein tertiary structure to release interstitial water and bound water. The combination treatment of methanol and inorganic coagulants (PAC or FeCl3) showed significant synergetic effects on enhancing sludge dewatering and cake drying. In practical applications, methanol from the dewatering sludge can be returned to the biochemical pool and used as the carbon source for nitrogen removal in the denitrification process. This integrated process is appropriate for sludge final disposal technologies that have high energy demands, such as incineration and pyrolysis. This paper describes a novel approach to improving sludge dewaterability through the alteration of protein properties by use of physiochemical techniques.

Cost-effectiveness of hospital treatment and outcomes of acute methanol poisoning during the Czech Republic mass poisoning outbreak

PurposeDuring an outbreak of mass methanol poisoning in the Czech Republic in 2012–2014, we compared the total hospital costs and one-year medical costs in the patients treated with different antidotes (fomepizole versus ethanol) and modalities of hemodialysis (intermittent hemodialysis, IHD, versus continuous renal replacement therapy, CRRT). MethodsCross-sectional study in 106 patients with confirmed diagnosis treated in 30 ICU settings. For each patient, the following data were analyzed: admission laboratory data, GCS, PSS, ICU length of stay, organ failures, treatment, outcome, and total hospital costs. Of 83 survivors, in 54 (65%) patients the follow-up examination, quality of life measurement with SF36 questionnaire two years after discharge, and one-year medical costs analysis were performed. ResultsThe median total hospital costs were 7200 (IQR 1500–10,900) euros and the median one-year medical costs were 1447 (IQR 133–1163) euros in the study population. The total hospital costs were higher in the patients treated with fomepizole comparing to ethanol: 12,890 (IQR 6910–16,210) versus 5590 (IQR 1430–6940) euros (p<0.001). The hospital costs in the patients treated with IHD were 5400 (IQR 1520–6910) versus 12,410 (IQR 5380–16,960) euros in the patients with CRRT (p=0.317).The geometric mean ratio for increased hospital costs in the patients treated with fomepizole versus ethanol adjusted for the severity of poisoning was 3.30 (1.70–3.80 CI 95%), p<0.001, and in the patients treated with IHD versus CRRT - 0.70 (0.60–0.99 CI 95%), p=0.047.The patients with visual sequelae had higher total hospital costs than those without sequelae: 10,419 (IQR 2984–14,355) versus 4605 (IQR 1303–4505) euros (p=0.009). The patients with GCS≤13 on admission had higher one-year medical costs as well (p<0.001). No difference was found in physical and mental condition scores in the patients treated with different antidotes and modalities of hemodialysis two years after discharge (both p>0.05). ConclusionThe total hospital costs in the patients with acute methanol poisoning were more than three times higher in the patients treated with fomepizole than in the patients treated with ethanol after adjustment for the severity of poisoning. The dialysis modality did not affect the total hospital costs, but the trend to lower costs was present in IHD-group.

Correction: Improving the efficiency of polymer solar cells via a treatment of methanol : water on the active layers

Correction for ‘Improving the efficiency of polymer solar cells via a treatment of methanol : water on the active layers’ by Biao Guo et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2016, DOI: 10.1039/c6ta04026h.

Improving the efficiency of polymer solar cells via a treatment of methanol : water on the active layers

Significant improvement in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of polymer solar cells (PSCs) has been observed when the active layer was treated with a mixture of methanol and water (M : W).

기와층버섯 자실체의 메탄올 및 열수추출물의 항산화, 항염증 및 아세틸콜린에스테라제 저해 활성

Phellinus xeranticus is an medicinal mushroom belongs to Family Hymenochaetaceae of Polyporales, Basidiomycota. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities of methanol and hot water extracts prepared from fruiting bodies of Phellinus xeranticus. Besides measuring of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, a reducing power and a chelating activity on ferrous ions were also measured to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the extracts. To measure the anti-inflammatory activ- ities of the extracts, nitric oxide(NO) production from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and carrageenan-induced acute hind paw edema of rats were investigated. The results showed that the extracts have excel- lent DPPH scavenging and chelating activity on the ferrous ions compared with positive controls. The nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were decreased as the concentration of the mushroom extracts increased. Significant reduction of paw edema of rats were observed at 2~6 h after treatment of methanol and hot-water extracts with 50 mg/kg concentration to the rats which are induced acute hind paw edema by carrageenan administration. The anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of the methanol extract of the mushroom showed 83.34% inhibition on AcHE which is lower than that of positive control galanthamine. The experimental results suggested that methanol and hot-water extracts of Phellinus xeranticus fruiting bodies might be used for good sources of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-ace- tylcholinesterase agents.

흰망태버섯 자실체의 메탄올 및 열수추출물의 항산화 및 항염증 활성

Dictyophora indusiata is an edible mushroom belongs to Family Phallaceae of Phallales, Basidiomycota. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of methanol and hot water extracts prepared from fruiting bodies of Dictyophora indusiata. Besides measuring of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, a reducing power and a chelating activity on ferrous ions were also measured to evaluate the antioxidant activity for those extracts. To measure the anti-inflammatory activities for the extracts, nitric oxide(NO) production from lipopolysaccharide(LPS) treated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and carrageenan-induced acute hind paw edema of rats were investigated. The results showed that the extracts have excellent DPPH scavenging and chelating activity on the ferrous ions compared with positive control. The nitric oxide(NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were decreased as we increased the concentration of the mushroom extracts. Significant reduction of paw edema of rats were observed at 2~6 h after treatment of methanol and hot-water extracts with 50 mg/ kg concentration to the rats which are induced acute hind paw edema by carrageenan administration. Therefore, the exper- imental results suggested that methanol and hot-water extracts of Dictyophora indusiata fruiting bodies might be used for natural sources of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.

Preparation of Poly(Humic Acid) Particles and Their Use in Toxic Organo-Phenolic Compound Removal from Aqueous Environments

Particles derived from humic acid, as p(HA), are synthesized in a single step via a water-in-oil microemulsion system employing different cross-linkers such as divinylsulfone (DVS), glutaraldehyde (GA), epichlorohydrine (ECH), and adipochloride (AC). The different phenolic groups on humic moieties are connected via these cross-linkers to form particles. The prepared p(HA) particles were successfully used in the removal of toxic organo-phenolic such as phenol (Ph), 4-nitrophenol (4-NPh), 4-chlorophenol (4-CPh), 2-chlorophenol (2-CPh), and 2,3-dichlorophenol (2,3-CPh) from aqueous environments. Various parameters such as pH, contact time, reusability of particles, and the initial concentration of adsorbate are investigated. It is found that the absorption capacity of p(HA) particles for Ph is 180 mg/g, and the maximum absorption amount is obtained at pH 6. Furthermore, the reuse experiments are shown that p(HA) particles can release the absorbed Ph by the treatment of methanol, and an absorption capacity of 85 % is attainable up to five consecutive absorption and release cycles. p(HA) particles are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques.

Preparation and characterization of transparent silk fibroin/cellulose blend films

Both silk fibroin (SF) and cellulose are considered as potential substitutes of synthetic polymers because of the problems for the exhaustion of fossil resources and the pollution of environment. In order to obtain a material that exhibits both the advantages of SF and cellulose, ionic liquid (IL) was introduced to prepare blend films of SF and cellulose in the present work. We found that by our new fabricate method, i.e. coagulating SF/cellulose IL mixture solution by vapored methanol and cold pressing during vacuum dry, the resulted SF/cellulose blend films were transparent owing to the significant compatibility between cellulose and SF. The mechanical properties of the blend films in dry state is better than other reported counterparts, while those in wet state is good enough for further applications. Our results also confirms that the miscibility of SF and cellulose was induced by the intermolecular interactions between the components in the same blend system but with different fabricating methods in the literature. In addition, mouse fibroblast L929 cells was found to show the significant adhesion and proliferation on the blend film, which suggested that the treatment of IL and methanol may not affect the biocompatibility of SF/cellulose blend films.

Biological treatment of n-hexane and methanol in trickle bed air biofilters under acidic conditions

This study focuses on evaluating the degradation of n-hexane/methanol mixture in trickle-bed-air-biofilters (TBABs). Two different concentration ratios of methanol:n-hexane were evaluated (3:1) for TBAB “A” and (5:1) for TBAB “B”. Both TBABs were run and fed with nutrients buffered at pH 4 for encouraging the growth of fungi. The TBABs were loaded with pelletized diatomaceous earth support media and were run at an empty bed residence time of 120s. n-Hexane loading rates (LRs) ranged from 0.9 to 13.2g/m3h for both TBABs. The corresponding methanol LRs varied from 2.3 to 37.7g/m3h and from 4.6 to 64.5g/m3h for TBABs “A” and “B”, respectively. Experimental results have shown that the degradation of n-hexane in presence of methanol is enhanced for n-hexane LRs less than 10.6g/m3h as compared to previous study for sole-fed n-hexane, but for n-hexane LRs of 13.2g/m3h, the performance of TBABs in eliminating n-hexane depended on the methanol to n-hexane ratios. The impact was less severe for TBAB “A” (RE 85%) as compared to TBAB “B” (RE 72%). This is attributed to the high LRs of methanol in TBAB “B”. n-Hexane performance stability was another advantage attained.

The safety of ethanol infusions for the treatment of methanol or ethylene glycol intoxication: an observational study

Methanol or ethylene glycol ingestion may result in significant morbidity or death without prompt treatment. Despite traditional and widespread use of intravenous ethanol as an antidote, its safety is not well described. An evaluation of the safety and ease of titrating ethanol infusions is necessary given the availability of an alternative antidote. To evaluate the safety and ease of titrating ethanol infusions for the treatment of methanol or ethylene glycol ingestion. We reviewed the hospital records of adults treated with ethanol at The Ottawa Hospital for methanol or ethylene glycol ingestion over a 9-year period. Using a standardized case report form, a single reviewer identified prespecified adverse events that developed after the start of ethanol therapy and classified dose adjustments during ethanol therapy as appropriate or inappropriate based on a priori criteria. Forty-nine cases of methanol or ethylene glycol ingestion treated with ethanol were included in the analysis, of which 45 underwent hemodialysis, 38 were admitted to the intensive care unit, and 4 died. At least one adverse event was identified in 45 (92%) cases, including 35 (71%) with agitation requiring chemical or physical restraints and 10 (20%) with a depressed level of consciousness treated with intubation. The median number of ethanol concentration measurements per treatment course was 6 (range 0-24), of which only 27% were within the target range of 22 to 30 mmol/L and 47% were below. When measured concentrations were outside the target, the adjustment in ethanol dosing (or lack thereof) was deemed inappropriate 59% of the time, including 69% of the time during hemodialysis. Based on actual practice in a large academic centre, adverse events occur frequently with intravenous ethanol infusions, and ethanol titration is inefficient. The safety profile and therapeutic drug monitoring considerations for ethanol should be considered when choosing an antidote for methanol or ethylene glycol ingestion.