Treatment Of Letters Research Articles

RESPONSIBILITY AND VOCATION AS A LIFE STRATEGY (ON THE EPISTOLARIUM OF LESYA UKRAINKA)

The research belongs to those studies in which a successful attempt was made to investigate the moral foundations of Lesya Ukrainka's life strategy. The epistolary heritage was chosen as the object, as it is a grateful material for the study of the author as a real person without the admixture of interpretations of the recipients. A similar study is on time also because Lesya Ukrainka's published letters without Soviet banknotes are involved. Anthropological literary studies has been chosen as the main literary approach. This vector of exploration was determined by the reasoning of the well-known forester L. Skupeyko, who noted that modern science needs research on the concept of the author's personality. The study of the state of development of the problem has shown that science has occasional concluding statements, but there is no intelligence that would be the basis for such a study. Working with epistolary required special objectivity. M. Kotsyubynska's warnings about such treatment of letters were identified as the basis and important for compliance. To outline the content of the concepts of "responsibility" and "vocation" was chosen the latest study E. Mulyachuk. Thus, in order to determine one's own mission - life strategy - it is extremely important to be aware of one's own self-determination, to be ready to resist everyday life, and to give preference to the interests of others. Lesia Ukrainka's epistolary legacy gives grounds to say that it is important for a writer to have the inner strength to overcome her own misfortune in order to realize her own life strategy. This will help to overcome the fear of living. In addition, the awareness of the professional vocation must be in harmony with life goals. According to Lesia Ukrainka, the professional mission should be realized through a number of specific actions: publishing translations, forming a library, etc. In the future, it is advisable to continue the study of epistolary heritage, as well as to study the life strategies of the main characters of the writer's works. In this way, we will approach the creation of the concept of the personality of Lesya Ukrainka's work.

THE IMPACT OF THE ACQUISITION OF THE LETTERS IN A SYSTEMATIC LITERACY ON WRITING SKILLS

Learning letters is associated with a long-term learning. Two basic models are present in obtaining letters in a systematic literacy in Slovenia and abroad. One represents a separate acquisition of the uppercase and lowercase printed letters (sequentially) and the other deals with letters simultaneously. In practice, teachers often asked themselves, especially in times of reforms in literacy, which model of the acquisition of the letters in initial literacy is more efficient. The research focused on the effect of the two most frequently chosen procedures for acquiring letters of structured literacy in Slovenia, namely the simultaneous treatment of the uppercase and lowercase printed letters (lowercase cursive letters and upper-case cursive letters) and consecutive treatment of letters (uppercase printed letters, lowercase printed letters, lowercase cursive letters, and at last, uppercase printed letters). Furthermore, the focus of the research was on the impact of gender on the ability to write. The incidence of errors was observed in terms of selected procedures for acquiring the letters in groups and gender. At the same time, the effect of consolidation of writing individual letters (uppercase and lowercase printed letters in 2nd class, and lowercase and uppercase cursive letters in 3rd class), was examined. Key words: literacy, the process of acquiring letters, 2nd class, 3rd class, prior knowledge, writing skills.

Pleas from the New World

This article examines the types of syntactic mitigators employed in directive head acts in familiar letters written during the Spanish Colonial period (sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries). In addition to analysis of the head-act-internal verbal modifiers used in Early Modern Spanish epistolaries, a primary focus of this paper is the question of where the language used in these letters falls on the oral–literate continuum. The directive speech acts noted in the corpus are categorized according to Koike’s (1992) hierarchy of illocutionary force and analyzed using Brown and Levinson’s (1987) theory of face mitigation. The results reveal that the directives issued differ greatly in both nature and structure from those seen in studies of modern (spoken) Spanish as well as those noted in literary corpora of early varieties of the language. A general caution is therefore issued regarding the treatment of letters as manifestations of language that approximates orality.