Treatment Of Leachate Wastewater Research Articles

Gravity-driven composite cellulose acetate/activated carbon aluminium-based hydrogel membrane for landfill wastewater treatment

A composite cellulose acetate (CA) carbon-based aluminium hydroxide (CACG) hydrogel membrane was prepared for water purification and real leachate wastewater treatment. The composite CACG hydrogel structure was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Initially, the study investigated the efficiency of the composite CACG hydrogel membrane in removing divalent ions such as Cu2+, Pb2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ at 10 mg/L and 1000 mg/L concentrations from synthetic feed solutions. The results revealed that metal ions removal efficiency was higher at 10 mg/L feed concentration. The composite CACG hydrogel membrane demonstrated high selectivity for Cu2+ and Pb2+ ions, with more than 99% removal from the solution. The performance of the CACG hydrogel was evaluated in four cycles with a constant metal ions removal efficiency of over 98%. These findings suggest composite hydrogel could be a promising adsorbent material for removing metal ions from synthetic water and wastewater. The total suspended solids (TDS) were reduced by 58%. Additionally, the concentrations of arsenic (As3+), lead (Pb2+), zinc (Zn2+), copper (Cu2+), nickel (Ni2+), Manganese (Mn2+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Potassium (K+), Calcium (Ca2+), and Sodium (Na+) saw reductions of 99.9%, 98.3%, 96%, 96%, 99.6%, 93%, 74.75%, 73.6, 60%, and 14.9% respectively.

Synergistic Effects of Ionizing Radiation Process in the Integrated Coagulation–Sedimentation, Fenton Oxidation, and Biological Process for Treatment of Leachate Wastewater

This study evaluated the feasibility of ionizing radiation combined with coagulation–sedimentation and Fenton oxidation as a treatment method for landfill leachate. The experiments revealed a positive correlation between pollutant removal efficiency and increased ionizing radiation intensity. Remarkable pollutant removal efficiencies were achieved under ionizing radiation at 50 kGy, with a maximum of 27% removal of total organic carbon (TOC), 61% removal of total nitrogen, 51% removal of total phosphorus, and an impressive 93% removal of NO3−-N. With the addition of coagulation–sedimentation and Fenton oxidation, the treatment efficiency further increased by 33% nitrogen, 18% SCOD, and 8% phosphate. The most significant observation from the study was that for all the different treatment methods, the results were always better for leachate samples treated with ionizing radiation than for the untreated samples. Subsequently, biological treatment was applied as a post-treatment method to remove residual organic carbon and nitrogen, which found that the best removal efficiencies were only for the low salt concentration (0.5%) and the removal decreased with increasing salt concentration. These experimental results conclusively demonstrated that when treating leachate wastewater, it was more appropriate to employ physicochemical methods rather than a biological treatment, primarily due to the high salt concentration present.

Kappa carrageenan-vanillin composite hydrogel for landfill leachate wastewater treatment

Removing heavy metals from landfill leachate wastewater treatment is an environmental challenge because of its complicated characteristics and composition. Although several chemical and physical processes were developed for landfill wastewater treatment, membrane technologies are still common. Nevertheless, membrane fouling, energy requirements and brine management are drawbacks of membrane technologies. This study proposed a biodegradable, gravity-driven kappa-Carrageenan-vanillin hydrogel for biologically treated leachate wastewater treatment to reduce the treatment cost and brine management problem. The composite hydrogel was synthesized using a facile method, with an average pore size of 2.58 ± 0.5 nm and acts as a water filter with super high flux and excellent rejection for heavy metal ions, divalent ions and other contaminants in the landfill leachate wastewater. The hydrogel filter achieved high rejection for divalent ions from salt feed solutions such as sodium chloride, magnesium sulphate, and copper sulphate. An average rejection of 42 ± 5 % was achieved for sodium chloride, 78 % ± 5 % for copper, 72 % ± 5 % for divalent magnesium ion, and 17 % ± 5 % for sulphate rejection. The hydrogel filter achieved a flux of 27 ± 5 LMH for landfill leachate wastewater with high rejection efficiency for total organic carbon, turbidity, and heavy metal separation. The filtration of the landfill leachate with the hydrogel resulted in a high rejection of total organic carbon (77 ± 3 %), 95 ± 3 % turbidity removal, 73 ± 5 % TDS removal, and 95–97 % colour removal. Heavy metal ions were rejected in the following order: Al (80 ± 3 %) > Ba (88 ± 2 %) > Pb (79 ± 3 %) > Cd (72 ± 3 %). The composite hydrogel filter is inexpensive, reliable, and highly efficient in removing contaminants under gravity filtration, requiring no external energy or high hydraulic pressures and ease of scalability for commercial applications.

Fabrication of carbon-based hydrogel membrane for landfill leachate wastewater treatment

The challenge of effectively managing the discharge of metal ions into aquatic environments, which poses a significant risk to both human health and ecosystems, persists despite the availability of various analytical tools and techniques. There are limitations of existing separation technologies and the inefficacy of hydrogel materials in removing low molecular weight contaminants, such as metal ions, in aqueous solutions. This study added carbon powder to the hydrogel membrane to reduce the low-mechanical strength and drying problems and increase its capacity for adsorbing ionic and non-ionic substances. The study introduced a novel carbon-based aluminium hydroxide hydrogel for wastewater filtration. CG was characterized using various analytical techniques, including examining surface morphology, elemental analysis, surface functional groups, and surface charge. These analytical tools provided a comprehensive understanding of the properties and performance of the CG. The effects of different carbon-based hydrogel (CG) concentrations on water flux and ion rejection were evaluated in a gravity filtration setup. Experiments investigated the influence of different ion concentrations, activated carbon (AC) concentration, centrifugation, water flux, and rejection on removing heavy metals from synthetic and natural wastewater. The pure water flux of the hydrogel membrane was 120 LMH. The results indicated that an AC concentration of 4 g/L in the aqueous solution is optimal for heavy metals removal, with 99.9 % removal for Pb2+ and Cu2+, 84 % rejection for Ca2+, and 85 % rejection for Mg2+ in 10 mg/L of synthetic water. Besides, the 4 g/L AC hydrogel membrane removed 90 % of Ni, Zn, Pb, As, and Cu ions and 53 % of the total organic carbon from leachate wastewater.

PENGARUH AIR LINDI (LEACHATE) TERHADAP KUALITAS AIR PERMUKAAN DI SEKITAR TPA KOTA SORONG

Waste has been a serious problem from the past until now. Waste contains pollutants both organic and inorganic. The waste decomposes naturally, but the results of the decomposition are scattered in the garbage pile. Piles of garbage produce a liquid called leachate. Such leachate water contains organic matter and heavy metals. Rainwater has a role as a solvent medium to carry pollutants from waste decomposition, if not managed properly pollutants in leachate water will pollute river water, air, growing pest animals and vector diseases so as to cause various environmental problems and negative impacts on health for those who use it around the Sorong City Landfill (TPA) location because leachate can enter and flow through soil pores and surface water in excessive amounts or concentrations. The purpose of this study was to determine the condition of surface water quality around the Sorong City Landfill (TPA) and identify the influence of leachate from the Sorong City Landfill (TPA) on the quality of surface water around the landfill with water samples taken, namely river water based on PP No. 82 of 2001 concerning Water Quality management and Water Pollution Control and KEPMEN LH No.51 of 1995 concerning Liquid Waste Quality Standards. The benefits of this research include being able to determine the quality of surface water around the Sorong City Landfill (TPA), as information material for residents living around the Sorong City landfill who use the water such as river water, as a basis for the arrangement of landfills (TPA) and the management of leachate wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) so that they are not directly discharged into the environment. In addition, this research is expected to be able to answer problems using methods that have been selected based on studies from previous research or research.

Removal of leachate pollutants using flocculation method at simultaneous factors of optimum pH and Tacca leontopetaloides biopolymer flocculant (TBPF) dosage via face‐centred central composite design

AbstractThe effect of the interaction factor between pH and dosage is important in leachate wastewater treatment. This study aims to remove leachate pollutants such as turbidity, total suspended solid (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colour using simultaneous factors of plant‐based Tacca leontopetaloides biopolymer flocculant (TBPF) dosage and leachate pH. The flocculation process was carried out through jar test by applying the perikinetic theory and statical analysis (face‐centred central composite design). The results found that the optimum leachate pH and TBPF dosage were pH 3 and 150 mg/L, respectively. The highest removal of leachate pollutants reached up to 69% with a second‐order perikinetic model; R2 = 0.9545 and k = 9 × 10−6 L/mg/min were obtained. Simultaneous interaction factors between leachate pH and TBPF dosage on turbidity and TSS removal were found significant and hence can be applied in the actual leachate wastewater treatment industry, particularly at the primary stage using the proposed model.

Surface modification of nanofiltration membrane with kappa-carrageenan/graphene oxide for leachate wastewater treatment

In this study, the top layer of commercial UA-60 loose nanofiltration (NF) membranes is coated with cross-linked kappa-carrageenan (κ-CGN) and graphene oxide (GO) solution. Various GO concentrations are investigated to improve salt rejection and antifouling properties. The surface functional groups, surface morphology, elemental analysis, hydrophilicity, and surface charge of all membranes were investigated using a range of analytical tools. Coated membranes are tested for 2000 ppm NaCl (sodium chloride) and MgSO4 (magnesium sulfate) for salt rejection studies. Landfill leachate wastewater was used for antifouling studies. The κ-CGN-GO coating increased the wettability and negative surface charge, increasing salt rejection. The GO concentration of (0.075; wt/v %) with 1.2 wt% κ-CGN aqueous solution is optimal for coating solution. The optimal UA-60-κ-CGN-GO3 membrane showed the highest FRR (flux recovery ratio) of 95.73% and the lowest total fouling percentage of 18.9%, with a slightly low water flux compared to the pristine UA-60 membrane. The κ-CGN-GO coating has the potential to overcome membrane fouling and low selectivity for wastewater treatment owing to the increased selectivity and antifouling properties of the coated membranes.

A hybrid process for leachate wastewater treatment: Evaporation and reverse osmosis/sequencing batch reactor.

In this study, a hybrid process for leachate wastewater treatment including evaporation and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane or biological treatment systems was suggested. Experiments were performed on a real landfill leachate wastewater. The leachate was subjected to evaporation; as a result, a distillate was obtained containing less organic matter and less substantial amounts of other pollutants, as ammonium salts and total phenols were removed. Tests were carried out at different evaporation temperatures and times. The initial leachate pH was adjusted and optimized. For optimum conditions, each of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phenol, and ammonium salt concentrations were reduced to 99.99%, 95.00%, and 83.00%, respectively. The distillate of the first stage of the proposed process was then exposed to RO membrane system, as a first study, under different transmembrane pressure of 20, 30, and 40 bar and at different pH values of 7, 8, and 9. As a second suggested treatment system, the distillate was subjected to a biological treatment process for 30 days as a retention time, pH = 6, and room temperature 25°C ± 1°C. At the end of the research study, a comparison was conducted between results obtained with RO membrane separation and biological treatment system as two distinct treatment systems proposed for leachate landfill wastewater treatment. Although both systems were effective for landfill leachate wastewater treatment, however, with the RO membrane separation system, COD removal efficiency reached 99.99%. In the other hand, with biological treatment process, COD elimination was as much as 90.00%. Certainly, evaporation and RO are not novel ways of landfill leachate treatment; however, few studies have attempted to use similar combined system for landfill leachate wastewater treatment and attained effective results of treated water. PRACTITIONER POINTS: A hybrid process of evaporation and RO membrane or biological treatment systems was suggested for leachate wastewater treatment. For optimum conditions, COD, total phenols, and ammonium salt reductions were achieved to 99.99%, 95%, and 83%, respectively, after the first evaporation stage. The distillate of the first stage of the proposed process was then exposed to RO membrane system and biological treatment system. Different transmembrane pressure and different pH values were optimized for RO.

Hybrid Sono-Electrocoagulation Process for the Treatment of Landfill Leachate Wastewater: Optimization through a Central Composite Design Approach

The effectiveness of the process of ultrasonication (US), electrocoagulation (EC) and hybrid sono-electrocoagulation (US+EC) on landfill leachate wastewater treatment was evaluated based on the removal efficiency of % color and % Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) along with power consumption. The experimental results showed that the hybrid US+EC had a high color (100%) and COD (94%) removal efficiency with a lower power consumption of 4.50 kWh/m3 compared to the individual EC and US processes. In this hybrid US+EC process, the effects of various operating parameters were investigated and optimized using Design-Expert (12) based on the central composite design approach. The optimization results indicated a maximum COD removal efficiency of 71.05% with a minimum power consumption of 2.33 kWh/m3 at the following optimal experimental conditions: electrolyte concentration (X1) = 0.76 g/L, current density (X2) = 2.75 A/dm2, COD concentration (X3) = 3919.50 mg/L, sonication power (X4) = 100 W and treatment time (X5) = 36.05 min. The synergistic effect was calculated using the US, EC and US+EC process based on the % COD removal efficiency and has a positive effect of 20.51%. The % COD and % color removal efficiency were analyzed using a closed reflux method and UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Thus, the hybrid US+EC process, significantly enhances the efficiency of pollutants removal from landfill leachate wastewater.

Physicochemical Characteristics of Landfill Leachate from Simpang Renggam Landfill Site, Johor, Malaysia

The worldwide increasing amount of municipal solid waste causes a major problem in managing waste as well as requires an effective solution to manage the waste generation. In Malaysia, landfilling is the main alternative technique for managing solid waste. In the same way, the main advantage of having a landfill is that it is easy to operate and comparatively lower in cost. Thus, in Malaysia, total 296 municipal solid waste landfills are open to overcome this issue. Drawbacks of landfilling can includes; i) generation of noxious gases, ii) leachate wastewater contamination of both ground and surface water, iii) problems such as odor, noise, and dust, iv) attraction of disease vectors and, v) the requirement for considerable land area. This present research study focuses on the characterization of Simpang Renggam Landfill (SRLS) Site such as its organic constitutes (mg/L), Ammoniacal Nitrogen (mg/L), SS (mg/L), BOD5/COD, BOD5 (mg/L), and pH. All the analyzed results were compared with the past researchers’ researches and also were compared with Malaysian Environmental Quality Act 1974. From the results, it is concluded that the Simpang Renggam Landfill Site was characterized old (stabilized) landfill leachate wastewater with BOD5/COD > 0.1. For the SRL site, it is recommended that physical-chemical method is better fitted for the leachate wastewater treatment and the aerated lagoon technique does not support the treatment of aging leachate.

Utilization of Zeolite-Feldspar as an Potential Adsorbent for the Adsorption of COD and Ammonical Nitrogen in Stabilized Landfill Leachate

The robust combination of landfill waste recognized as a potential source of hazards. Landfills is one relatively distinctive issue associated with leachate. Generally, zeolite is considered a known adsorbent however relatively very high in cost. Meanwhile, Feldspar is the world’s most common mineral groups which making up as much as about 60 percent of the crust of the earth. Its quality and availability makes the feldspar become relatively low price material. The mixture of feldspar-zeolite are believe to produces effective and inexpensive composite for the treatment of leachate wastewater. The batch experiment was conducted in an Erlenmeyer flask, 250 mL volume with varying the volume of composite mixture ratio and then shaking for 5 hrs with 200 rpm at pH7. The optimum mixing ratio of feldspar-zeolite is chosen 1:1. The optimum removal of COD and ammonical nitrogen is 55% and 50% respectively. The availability of low-cost materials such as feldspar in the composite has helped to minimize the cost of treatment and has helped to increase the potential capacity for adsorption.

Landfill leachate wastewater treatment to facilitate resource recovery by a coagulation-flocculation process via hydrogen bond

Recent trend to recover value-added products from wastewater calls for more effective pre-treatment technology. Conventional landfill leachate treatment is often complex and thus causes negative environmental impacts and financial burden. In order to facilitate downstream processing of leachate wastewater for production of energy or value-added products, it is pertinent to maximize leachate treatment performance by using simple yet effective technology that removes pollutants with minimum chemical added into the wastewater that could potentially affect downstream processing. Hence, the optimization of coagulation-flocculation leachate treatment using multivariate approach is crucial. Central composite design was applied to optimize operating parameters viz. Alum dosage, pH and mixing speed. Quadratic model indicated that the optimum COD removal of 54% is achieved with low alum dosage, pH and mixing speed of 750 mgL−1, 8.5 and 100 rpm, respectively. Optimization result showed that natural pH of the mature landfill leachate sample is optimum for alum coagulation process. Hence, the cost of pH adjustment could be reduced for industrial application by adopting optimized parameters. The inherent mechanism of pollutant removal was elucidated by FTIR peaks at 3853 cm−1 which indicated that hydrogen bonds play a major role in leachate removal by forming well aggregated flocs. This is concordance with SEM image that the floc was well aggregated with the porous linkages and amorphous surface structure. The optimization of leachate treatment has been achieved by minimizing the usage of alum under optimized condition.

Enhanced treatment of landfill leachate wastewater using sono(US)-ozone(O3)–electrocoagulation(EC) process: role of process parameters on color, COD and electrical energy consumption

The combination of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and electrochemical process is gaining growing popularity for use in wastewater treatment. The present work explores for the first time, treatment of leachate wastewater from landfill waste using a combination of sonication (US), ozonation (O3) and electrocoagulation (EC) process expressed by % color removal, % Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal and its associated electrical energy consumption. The results revealed that, the combined process (US/O3/EC) is highly successful in the treatment of leachate wastewater from landfill in terms of % color removal (100 %) and % COD removal (97.50 %) with low electrical energy consumption (8kWhr/m3) than the other hybrid and single process such as O3/EC, US/EC, US/O3 and EC, O3, US. The influence of different process parameters such as electrolyte concentration (1.50–7.50 g/L), current density (1.25–7.50 A/dm2), initial effluent pH (2–11), COD concentration (2000–6000 ppm), O3 production (0.75–3.75 g/hr) and sonication power (20–100 Watts) were studied on the efficiency of pollutant removal evaluated by reduction of % color and % COD and electrical energy consumption using hybrid US/O3/EC process. Overall, the analysis clearly showed that the approaches to integrated treatment technologies could synergistically remove the pollutant from the wastewater.

Integrating High Purity Oxygen, Process Modeling, and CFD Models for Doubling Treatment Capacity in a Full Scale Leachate Wastewater Treatment

Integrating High Purity Oxygen, Process Modeling, and CFD Models for Doubling Treatment Capacity in a Full Scale Leachate Wastewater Treatment

Leachate Treatment Using Constructed Wetlands Technique

Constructed wetland treatment was an engineered method of purifying waste water by letting it through soil filters on which natural wetland species are grown. It was considered as an effective and reliable treatment and has found wide usage. The main study of this research is to study the best effective method for treating Leachate using constructed wetlands technique. The pollutants were removed by various physical, chemical and biogeochemical processes like sedimentation, absorption, nitrification and phytoremediation. The aim of this research was to study the effectiveness of the wetland plant Typha in the treatment of Leachate wastewater. A model wetland unit of length, width and depth of 60 cm, 40 cm and 30cm, respectively was built with slight slope of 1% between inlet and outlet zones. Typha Species were transplanted into the model unit and subjected to industrial wastewater. As the leachate has more toxic materials in it, we can't use the leachate directly into the wetlands. In this study, Leachate and domestic sewage water was mixed in 1:2 ratios and then used in the constructed wetland. Reduction in BOD and COD values was about 70-75% and 75% respectively in five days and completely below the discharge limits.

Treatment of landfill leachate by Fenton process: parametric and kinetic studies

Fenton treatment of leachate of municipal landfill was investigated in this study. Physical and chemical characteristics of the leachate indicated that the waste is alkaline and is characterized by extremely high concentration of organic compounds. Different reaction conditions of Fenton treatment were examined including H2O2/chemical oxygen demand (COD) and Fe2+/H2O2 ratios in the present work. COD of leachate after Fenton treatment was removed by about 77 and 83% for initial COD 6,250 and 13,300 mgO2/L, respectively. Such a maximum removal was achieved at pH 3 and using reagent dosages as high as H2O2/COD = 4.4 and H2O2/Fe2+value of 50. Complete oxidation was not achieved even at optimum conditions due to the presence of inhibitors (carbonate) in the leachate wastewater. After removal of high carbonate content, the same removal efficiency could be achieved with lower H2O2/COD ratio (i.e. H2O2/COD = 3.3). A simplified kinetic study for Fenton treatment of leachate wastewater has been performed.