Treatment Of Irritant Contact Dermatitis Research Articles

Efficacy and Safety Assessment of Topical Omega Fatty Acid Product in Experimental Model of Irritant Contact Dermatitis: Randomized Controlled Trial

Contact dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin disease that often requires prescription therapy and is associated with adverse reactions. Omega fatty acids have been recognized for their anti-inflammatory effect and could serve as a safer option in contact dermatitis treatment. Therefore, the aim of this randomized controlled study, conducted at the University of Split School of Medicine, was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of omega fatty acids containing topical products in an experimental model of irritant contact dermatitis. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials (NCT06189144) and is closed. The primary outcomes were levels of transepidermal water loss, skin hydration, and skin erythema, all measured using an MPA6 device in 25 healthy participants. A significant difference was observed between the hydration values of the intervention (45.7 ± 12.4) and control groups (31.6 ± 12.3) (p < 0.05) on final measurements (day 10). Moreover, higher erythema levels were observed in participants who were smokers, compared to non-smokers. No adverse drug reactions were observed during the study period. In conclusion, omega fatty acids topical product use shows promise in the treatment of irritant contact dermatitis, and further studies are needed to evaluate efficacy in a larger sample of patients.

Individualistic approach in the treatment of irritant contact dermatitis: A case report

Individualistic approach in the treatment of irritant contact dermatitis: A case report

Homoeopathic treatment of irritant contact dermatitis: Case series

Homoeopathic treatment of irritant contact dermatitis: Case series

An Occlusive Hydrocolloid-Based Patch Is Effective, Feasible, and Safe As a Treatment of Irritant Contact Dermatitis due to Diabetes Devices in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes.

Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) occurs frequently with the use of diabetes devices, but no guidelines for treatment exist. Since subsequent devices need intact skin for intended use, quick healing is crucial. Normal wound healing is expected to be 7-10 days. This was a single-center cross-over study that investigated the effectiveness of an occlusive hydrocolloid-based patch versus nonocclusive treatment of ICD. Participants were aged 6-20 years with active ICD caused by using diabetes device. First study period was patch treatment for 3 days. A control arm was initiated if a new ICD occurred within 30 days. ICD healed completely in 21% of the patch group but none in the controls. Itching was reported as an adverse event (AE) in both arms, but only one additional AE was noted in the patch arm: an infection at a different site from investigated. The hydrocolloid-based patch showed signs of faster healing of ICD with no additional AEs, but larger studies are needed.

Development of Guar Gum Hydrogel Containing Sesamol-Loaded Nanocapsules Designed for Irritant Contact Dermatitis Treatment Induced by Croton Oil Application.

Irritant contact dermatitis is usually treated with corticosteroids, which cause expressive adverse effects. Sesamol is a phenolic compound with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study was designed to evaluate a hydrogel containing sesamol-loaded ethylcellulose nanocapsules for the treatment of irritant contact dermatitis. The nanocapsules presented a size in the nanometric range, a negative zeta potential, a sesamol content close to the theoretical value (1 mg/mL), and a 65% encapsulation efficiency. Nanoencapsulation protected sesamol against UVC-induced degradation and increased the scavenging activity assessed by ABTS and DPPH radicals. The hydrogels were prepared by thickening the nanocapsule suspensions with guar gum (2.5%). The hydrogels maintained the nanometric size of the nanocapsules and a sesamol content of approximately 1 mg/g. The HET-CAM assay classified the hydrogels as nonirritating. The in vitro release of the hydrogel containing sesamol in the nanoencapsulated form demonstrated an initial burst effect followed by a prolonged sesamol release and a lower skin permeation in comparison with the hydrogel containing free sesamol. In addition, it exhibited the best anti-inflammatory effect in the irritant contact dermatitis model induced by croton oil, reducing ear edema and inflammatory cells infiltration, similar to dexamethasone (positive control). Therefore, the hydrogel containing sesamol in the nanoencapsulated form seemed to have a therapeutic potential in treating irritant contact dermatitis.

Arap Sabununun Neden Olduğu İrritan Kontakt Dermatit: Bir Olgu Sunumu

Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is a condition caused by chemicals that damage skin structures in a direct non-allergic way. Dermatologic findings may present in a broad spectrum due to frequency and route of exposure and individual susceptibility. The most critical point in the diagnosis and treatment of ICD is to determine the irritant since its cessation is the best treatment. Specifically, in geriatric patients, questioning about any irritant exposure should be done carefully. In this report, we present a 71-year-old woman with ICD that was caused by exposure to potassium hydrochloride in Arab soap and exaggerated amid the coronavirus pandemic.

Eugenol as a Promising Molecule for the Treatment of Dermatitis: Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities and Its Nanoformulation.

Contact dermatitis produces an inflammatory reaction primarily via stimulation of keratinocytes and cells of the immune system, which promote the release of cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and other chemical mediators. Eugenol (EUG, phenylpropanoid of essential oils) has attracted attention due to its anti-inflammatory properties, as well as antioxidant effect. On the other hand, it is volatile and insoluble and is a skin irritant. In this case, nanostructured systems have been successfully employed as a drug carrier for skin diseases since they improve both biological and pharmaceutical properties of active compounds. The cytotoxic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of EUG were assessed in human neutrophils and keratinocytes. Additionally, polymeric nanocarries (NCEUG) were prepared to improve the chemical and irritant characteristics of EUG. EUG presented apparent safety and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on human neutrophils, but presented cytotoxic effects on keratinocytes. However, the nanocapsules were able to reduce its cytotoxicity. An in vivo experiment of irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) in mice induced by TPA showed that NCEUG reduced significantly the ear edema in mice when compared to the EUG solution, as well as the leukocyte infiltration and IL-6 level, possibly due to better skin permeation and irritancy blockage. These findings suggest that EUG is a promising bioactive molecule, and its nanoencapsulation seems to be an interesting approach for the treatment of ICD.

Skin targeting of curcumin solid lipid nanoparticles-engrossed topical gel for the treatment of pigmentation and irritant contact dermatitis

Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) and hyperpigmentation are the problems associated with skin. Topical curcumin (CUR) although effective in hyperpigmentation and ICD, is a challenging molecule due to low-solubility. Encapsulation of CUR into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) makes it amenable to topical dosing as their small size promotes its penetration into the skin. CUR-SLNs were prepared using Precirol ATO5 and Tween-80 by probe ultrasonication method. Further, CUR-SLNs were incorporated into Carbopol gel and investigated for ex-vivo skin permeation, skin deposition and skin irritation studies. The potential of CUR-SLN gel was checked against hyperpigmentation through the inhibition of tyrosinase enzyme. It was further evaluated for possible effects on ICD using BALB/c mice. The optimized CUR-SLN showed the particle size of 51 nm and 93% EE. Ex vivo permeation of CUR-SLN gel exhibited controlled drug release up to 24 h, similarly in vitro drug deposition studies showed potential for skin targeting. In vitro tyrosinase inhibition assay indicates that the formulated gel has potential in skin depigmentation. The gel also confirmed proficient suppression of ear swelling and reduction in skin water content in the BALB/c mouse. Thus, the CUR-SLN gel would be a safe and effective alternative to conventional vehicles for treatment of ICD and pigmentation.

Formulation and development of Silybin loaded solid lipid nanoparticle enriched gel for irritant contact dermatitis

The purpose of the present research was to develop Silybin loaded solid lipid nanoparticle gel (SIL-SLN gel) for irritant contact dermatitis (ICD). ICD is associated with reduced skin water content, emerging in dry skin condition and relapsing eczema. SIL is a naturally occurring flavones, which shows antioxidant activity and helps in the treatment of ICD. In this study, the SLN was prepared by the ultrasonic probe sonication method and further evaluated for particle size and entrapment efficiency. Results of optimized batch showed mean particle size 139 ± 0.35 nm and entrapment efficiency 90.97 ± 0.91%. Optimized batch was freeze dried and characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), it shows particles are in nano range, with spherical morphology and smooth surface. Finally, the SLN was incorporated into gel for convenient topical application. The SIL-SLN-gel were evaluated for in-vitro skin occlusivity, skin irritation and ex-vivo diffusion and deposition study and further compared with SIL-plain gel. Efficacy of gel on dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) induced ICD mice were evaluated by skin water content, ear swelling and histopathology. Ex-vivo study of SIL-SLN gel exhibited prolonged drug release, whereas the skin irritation study shows no irritancy. In DNCB induced ICD mice SIL-SLN gel showed higher efficacy than SIL-plain gel.

Skin targeting of resveratrol utilizing solid lipid nanoparticle-engrossed gel for chemically induced irritant contact dermatitis.

Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is a chronic and relapsing skin disease with severe eczematous lesions. Despite its growing prevalence, therapeutic treatments remain limited. Long-term topical corticosteroid treatment can induce skin atrophy, hypopigmentation, and increase in transepidermal water loss. An innovative dermal treatment is essential to reduce the side effects of corticosteroids. Topical resveratrol (RES), although effective for ICD, is a challenging molecule due to low solubility and poor bioavailability. The objective of this work was to build RES-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (RES-SLNs) with skin targeting. For this purpose, RES-SLNs were prepared using the probe ultrasonication method utilizing Precirol ATO 5 and Tween 20. The RES-SLNs were evaluated for particle size, entrapment efficiency (EE), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. Further, RES-SLNs were incorporated into Carbopol gel and investigated for ex vivo skin permeation, deposition study on human cadaver skin, and finally skin irritation study on New Zealand White rabbits. It was further assessed for possible beneficial effects on ICD using BALB/c mice. RES-SLN showed mean size below 100nm and 68-89% EE. TEM studies confirmed spherical particles in the nanometer range. An ex vivo study of RES-SLN-loaded gel exhibited controlled drug release up to 24h; similarly, in vitro drug deposition studies showed potential of skin targeting with no skin irritation. RES-SLN gel confirmed competent suppression of ear swelling and reduction in skin water content in the BALB/c mouse model of ICD when compared to marketed gel. Thus, the formulated RES-SLN gel would be a safe and effective alternative to conventional vehicles for treatment of ICD.

Pathophysiologic Treatment Approach to Irritant Contact Dermatitis

Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is a commonly occurring non-specific cutaneous inflammatory response to topical chemical, physiologic, and biologic toxins. Direct damage to the skin induces barrier dysfunction, epidermal cell stimulation, and pro-inflammatory mediator release leading to a visibly variable, itchy cutaneous reaction. Workplace exposure of the hands to water, cleansers, and solvents remains the most common source of ICD. There is no diagnostic test for ICD, as such a diagnosis is based on history and clinical findings. Exclusion of allergic contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, and other xerotic conditions is a key part of the work-up. Prevention and treatment of ICD lies in the utilization of barrier protectants, incorporation of hydrating cleansers to decrease disruption of the barrier, and avoidance protocols and protective gear (fabrics, gloves, etc.). Therapeutic tools to treat ICD include acute anti-pruritic and antibacterial soaks, cutaneous barrier protectants such as petrolatum, paraffin, and dimethicone; lipid-laden moisturizers rich in wool wax alcohols, ceramides, and cholesterol esters and colloidal oatmeal based creams; and, when there is an eczematous component, the restrained use of anti-inflammatory agents such as topical corticosteroids may be warranted. Future research in ICD pathophysiology will yield more precise treatment options for future patients and clinicians.

Irritant Contact Dermatitis: Mechanisms to Repair

Irritant contact dermatitis is an extremely common condition resulting from epidermal exposure to any number of skin irritants. Upon contact with skin irritants, the epidermis develops many identifiable problems including specific epidermal lipid deficiencies, elevated epidermal pH with concomitant suppression of epidermal lipid production, pHdependent susceptibility to infection, inflammation, and aberrant calcium gradients. By addressing these problems simultaneously, and through irritant avoidance, the treatment of irritant contact dermatitis can be maximized.

Anti-Irritants Agents for the Treatment of Irritant Contact Dermatitis: Clinical and Patent Perspective

This overview defines whether anti-irritant agents, in fact, inhibit, prevent or treat irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) in man. We performed a literature search using PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus via the library at University of California San Francisco, and a hand search of relevant text books to investigate chemicals that can be considered anti-irritants in either prevention or treatment. Emphasis was placed on data that included quantitative and qualitative results and that followed evidence-based dermatological guidelines. Related patents were summarized. Conflicting observations summarized here suggest well controlled, but often arduous, field type studies are required for confirmation.

Topical herbal extract (Huangdang mixture) exhibits both preventive and therapeutic effects in murine acute irritant contact dermatitis

Contact dermatitises, including allergic contact dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis, are among the most common skin disorders in humans. Chinese herbal medicines (CHM) have been used in treating contact dermatitises for centuries. Systemic administration of CHM, including ingredients in huangdang mixture containing Chinese angelica, radix Paeonlae rubra, cat nut, and phelloden dron, rhizoma alismatis, rhizoma smilacis glabrae, and rhizome of swordlike, improves allergic contact dermatitis induced by l-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. Whether topical applications of these herbal extracts display preventive and/or therapeutic effects on contact dermatitis, thereby avoiding the potential side effects of systemic CHM, remains largely unknown. To determine whether this topical CHM extract exerts preventive and/or therapeutic effects, we assessed its efficacy in both allergic contact dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis murine models. Allergic contact dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis murine models were established by topical oxazolone and a phorbol ester (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate; TPA), respectively. Ear thickness was assessed in both dermatitis models. Our results demonstrate that this topical CHM extract exhibits both therapeutic and preventive effects in acute irritant contact dermatitis but no demonstrable efficacy in murine allergic contact dermatitis. These results suggest that this topical CHM extract could provide an alternative regimen for the prevention and treatment of irritant contact dermatitis.

Applicability of an exaggerated forearm wash test for efficacy testing of two corticosteroids, tacrolimus and glycerol, in topical formulations against skin irritation induced by two different irritants

Alternatives to corticosteroids in the treatment of irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) are needed and may include glycerol and topical immunomodulators like tacrolimus. Because the efficacy of different treatments in experimentally induced ICD may vary depending on the irritant applied, we tested the efficacy of four anti-irritant compounds using the two different irritants sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and nonanoic acid (NON). In a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial, healthy volunteers were exposed to 5% SLS and 50% NON (the right and the left forearm, respectively) in a cumulative wash test. Induction of ICD was obtained by three daily washings for 7 days, followed by a maintenance phase with two daily washings for 12 days. Treatment (triamcinolone acetonide, clobetasol propionate, tacrolimus and glycerol ointment) was started at day 7 and applied immediately after washing. Vehicle and no treatment served as the control. Reactions were evaluated clinically and instrumentally. No treatments were significantly better than the other treatments and controls. There was a tendency toward a dose-dependent response to corticoid treatment, and a trend toward worsened irritancy by tacrolimus on SLS-irritated skin. Explained variance in the experiment by anova revealed a very small effect of treatments compared with an immense and significant subject effect. No claims of effective anti-irritant properties for any of the ointments can be maintained. Application of the present wash test as a tool for anti-irritant efficacy testing may be complicated by the small observed variance explained by treatment.

Effect of topical treatments on irritant hand dermatitis in health care workers

Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) from repetitive hand hygiene is the primary reason for compliance failure among health care workers (HCWs). Chronic ICD has implications for infection control because higher bacterial counts are associated with increased skin compromise. Guidelines recommend lotions/creams to lessen irritation. We evaluated the effects of 5 to 10 daily applications of a test cream (A, glove and chlorhexidine gluconate compatible) and current lotions/creams (B) compared with a control of normal skin care. Outcomes were visual skin erythema and dryness, excess erythema (quantitative image analysis), and hydration among 80 HCWs in an intensive care unit. Knuckle dryness was lower for both treatments than the no treatment control (P < .02) after 2 weeks. Skin treated with A had lower knuckle erythema (P=.03) than B and control. HCWs using A had lower excess erythema (right) than B and control (P < .04). Excess erythema was lower for A and B versus control (P=.003). Reduction in erythema suggests that frequent use of cream A may mitigate the damaging effects of repetitive hand hygiene and allow the skin to recover. Intensive treatment of HCW ICD may be required to counteract the skin compromise and minimize the negative impact on infection control.

The hardening phenomenon in irritant contact dermatitis: an interpretative update

Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is common and poses a significant problem in high-risk populations. In most cases, ICD resolves despite continued exposure in a process known as 'hardening', allowing individuals to continue with their work. Those who cannot clear ICD develop chronic ICD, which is a significant source of emotional, physical, and financial distress for affected individuals. While hardening is well known among labourers and clinicians, its mechanism remains to be elucidated. Much can be learned from the study of self-healing processes like the hardening phenomenon. This overview briefly documents the pathogenesis of ICD, focuses on the latest advances pertaining to the hardening phenomenon in ICD, and then highlights potential avenues of productive research. A better understanding of the 'hardening' process in the skin will hopefully lead to advances for the treatment of ICD.

Evaluation of the Effects of a Cosmetic Cream on Irritant Contact Dermatitis: Results of a Multicentre Open Trial

The symptoms of irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) are often controlled by topical corticosteroids, which, however, are not suitable for the long-term management owing to the risk of side effects. Moisturizers can be used to prevent ICD and to treat lesions of mild to moderate severity. In this study we want to assess the effectiveness and tolerability of a cosmetic cream (Efaderm® cream), containing a mixture of substances with moisturizing, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects ( borago officinalis oil, soy sterol, urea, lithium glycyrrethinate, carbocysteine, tocopheryl acetate, coenzyme Q10, allantoin), in the treatment of ICD. Three hundred and twelve patients with ICD entered the study. ICD was induced by either occupational or non-occupational factors, affected various skin sites, especially the hands, and was characterized by a subacute, recurrent or chronic course in the majority of cases. The cream was applied on lesionai skin twice a day, or more frequently if needed, for approximately 4 weeks. Most patients (n. 179) did not adopt preventive measures (e.g., irritant avoidance, suspension of working activities, use of protective gloves). After treatment, there was a significant improvement (P&lt;0.001) of symptoms and signs of ICD (erythema, scaling/dryness, oozing/crusting, excoriations/fissuring, pruritus/burning), independently on the use of prevention. Patient's assessment of overall effectiveness was positive in the majority of cases.

The acidic milieu of the horny layer: new findings on the physiology and pathophysiology of skin pH.

The acidic pH of the horny layer, measurable on the skin surface, has long been regarded as a result of exocrine secretion of the skin glands. The 'acid mantle' was thought to regulate the bacterial skin flora and to be sensitive primarily to skin cleansing procedures. In recent years, an increasing number of investigations have been published on the changes in, and constituents and functions of, the pH of the deeper layers of the stratum corneum, as well as on the influence of physiological and pathological factors. A central role for the acidic milieu as a regulating factor in stratum corneum homeostasis is now emerging. This has relevance to the integrity of the barrier function, from normal maturation of the stratum corneum lipids through to desquamation. Changes in the pH and the organic factors influencing it appear to play a role, not only in the pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of irritant contact dermatitis, but also of atopic dermatitis and ichthyosis and in wound healing. On the basis of these findings, a broader concept, exceeding the superficial 'acid mantle' theory, has been formulated.

Barrier creams in the treatment of irritant contact dermatitis

Since its emergence in Autumn 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern (VOC) B.1.1.7 (WHO label Alpha) rapidly became the dominant lineage across much of Europe. Simultaneously, several other VOCs were identified globally. Unlike B.1.1.7, some of these VOCs possess mutations thought to confer partial immune escape. Understanding when and how these additional VOCs pose a threat in settings where B.1.1.7 is currently dominant is vital.We examine trends in the prevalence of non-B.1.1.7 lineages in London and other English regions using passive-case detection PCR data, cross-sectional community infection surveys, genomic surveillance, and wastewater monitoring. The study period spans from 31st January 2021 to 15th May 2021.Across data sources, the percentage of non-B.1.1.7 variants has been increasing since late March 2021. This increase was initially driven by a variety of lineages with immune escape. From mid-April, B.1.617.2 (WHO label Delta) spread rapidly, becoming the dominant variant in England by late May.The outcome of competition between variants depends on a wide range of factors such as intrinsic transmissibility, evasion of prior immunity, demographic specificities and interactions with non-pharmaceutical interventions. The presence and rise of non-B.1.1.7 variants in March likely was driven by importations and some community transmission. There was competition between non-B.1.17 variants which resulted in B.1.617.2 becoming dominant in April and May with considerable community transmission. Our results underscore that early detection of new variants requires a diverse array of data sources in community surveillance. Continued real-time information on the highly dynamic composition and trajectory of different SARS-CoV-2 lineages is essential to future control effortsNational Institute for Health Research, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, DeepMind, EPSRC, EA Funds programme, Open Philanthropy, Academy of Medical Sciences Bill,Melinda Gates Foundation, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, The Novo Nordisk Foundation, MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Community Jameel, Cancer Research UK, Imperial College COVID-19 Research Fund, Medical Research Council, Wellcome Sanger Institute.