Treatment Of Depressive States Research Articles

The effect of tranylcypromine-trifluoperazine in the treatment of depressive states.

RésuméLe traitement de tous les patients à l'aide de tranylcypromine-trifluopérazine entraîna des résultats très satisfaisants dans un des domaines les plus épineux de la thérapeutique. Quarante réactions satisfaisantes sur un total de 64 patients traités, voilà un chiffre des plus encourageants. Les signes d'amélioration se manifestent généralement peu après les premières 48 heures de cure. Cela revêt une importance considérable lorsqu'il s'agit de décider la poursuite de la chimiothérapie chez les malades souffrant de dépression; en effet il est possible que des patients se suicident après le début du traitement mais avant que l'efficacité ne se soit fait sentir.

Prognostic Factors in Treatment of Depressive States with Imipramine

Prognostic Factors in Treatment of Depressive States with Imipramine

Imipramine hydrochloride intoxication.

IMIPRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE (Tofrānil) is a dibenzazepine closely related to chlorpromazine in its chemical structure, but having a quite different pharmacologie action. Imipramine was found to have a specific effect in dispelling depression. In 1957 Kuhn published the first paper on the treatment of depressive states with imipramine. Its exact mode of action is as yet not clearly defined. Its most useful action has been in periodic endogenous depressive states, in which it often eliminates the need for electroconvulsive therapy or markedly reduces the number of shock treatments needed. The recommended adult dosage is 75 to 100 mg. daily in divided amounts. This may be increased according to response and tolerance, but generally it is not necessary to exceed 200 mg. daily. In the early investigative work, side effects described were: sweating, dryness of the mouth, giddiness, tachycardia, constipation, urinary frequency or retention, disturbances of accommodation, fine and coarse tremors, and

Imipramine hydrochloride. Its effects on clinical, autonomic, and psychological functions.

Imipramine hydrochloride (Tofranil) has found its chief clinical application in the treatment of depressive states. Clinically, it acts neither as a sedative nor like a tranquillizer. Furthermore, its effects are very different from the amphetamine group of stimulants and psychoenergizers, i.e., in contrast to these, it does not inhibit monoamine oxidase. The purpose of the present study, however, was not to investigate the therapeutic effects of imipramine hydrochloride but rather to study the responsiveness of the experimental subjects to the drug. It has been reported that imipramine hydrochloride activates the psychotic process in schizophrenic patients^1,6,7,9without producing any major change in the mental status of normals and neurotics.³It seemed that imipramine hydrochloride could be used as a tool to manipulate the psychotic process and perhaps to reveal differences between diagnostic subgroups in order to contribute to further understanding of psychotic processes.

The hypotensive effect of imipramine hydrocloride in patients with cardiovascular disease.

The untoward effects of imipramine hydrochloride were studied in a group of 41 patients under 60 years of age who were without demonstrable cardiovascular disease and compared with those in a group of 50 patients with various degrees of generalized or coronary atherosclerosis. Effects on the following were investigated: recumbent and standing blood pressures, pulse, electrocardiograms, blood coagulation (bleeding time, clotting time, prothrombin time), liver function (SGOT, alkaline phosphatase, cephalin flocculation, thymol turbidity), and formed elements in the blood (hemoglobin, white blood cells with differential count, platelets).Among the patients with cardiovascular disease, 4 developed congestive heart failure during imipramine administration, while severe postural hypotension was observed in 10 of 41 (24.4 per cent). Two developed myocardial infarction during a hypotensive period. Moderate hypotension was present in 7 patients (14 per cent). Few significant untoward effects were encountered in the patients without cardiac disease. Severe postural hypotension was not observed; rrwderate degrees occurred in only 3 of the 41 patients (7.3 per cent).It is suggested that extreme caution be practiced in the treatment of depressive states in patients with known cardiovascular disease, especially in the older age group. Imipramine should be given in small doses and discontinued if postural hypotension occurs.

Comparison of marplan and tofranil in the treatment of depressive states.

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article ArticleNo AccessCOMPARISON OF MARPLAN AND TOFRĀNIL IN THE TREATMENT OF DEPRESSIVE STATESJANE E. OLTMAN, and SAMUEL FRIEDMANJANE E. OLTMANSearch for more papers by this author, and SAMUEL FRIEDMANSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:1 Apr 2006https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.117.10.929AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail "COMPARISON OF MARPLAN AND TOFRĀNIL IN THE TREATMENT OF DEPRESSIVE STATES." American Journal of Psychiatry, 117(10), pp. 929–930 Access content To read the fulltext, please use one of the options below to sign in or purchase access. Personal login Institutional Login Sign in via OpenAthens Purchase Save for later Item saved, go to cart PPV Articles - American Journal of Psychiatry $35.00 Add to cart PPV Articles - American Journal of Psychiatry Checkout Please login/register if you wish to pair your device and check access availability. Not a subscriber? Subscribe Now / Learn More PsychiatryOnline subscription options offer access to the DSM-5 library, books, journals, CME, and patient resources. This all-in-one virtual library provides psychiatrists and mental health professionals with key resources for diagnosis, treatment, research, and professional development. Need more help? PsychiatryOnline Customer Service may be reached by emailing [email protected] or by calling 800-368-5777 (in the U.S.) or 703-907-7322 (outside the U.S.). FiguresReferencesCited byDetailsCited By Volume 117Issue 10 April 1961Pages 929-930 Metrics PDF download History Published online 1 April 2006 Published in print 1 April 1961

The Present State of Out-Patient Treatment of Depressive States

The Present State of Out-Patient Treatment of Depressive States

Imipramine in chronic depression.

Imipramine hydrochloride (N-(γ-dimethylaminopropyl)-iminodibenzyl hydrochloride, “Tofranil”) has been shown by many investigators to be of value in the treatment of depressive states. The reports of Kuhn (1957, 1958) and of Kielholz and Battegay (1958) have been followed by confirmatory papers from other authors. A number of contributors to the McGill University Symposium on Depression and Allied States (1959) commented favourably on the value of imipramine in depression; Hoff, however, while agreeing that the drug is useful in acute depressions stated that he found it ineffective in chronic depression.

Treatment of depressive states with marplan.

Marplan is a safe, effective drug in the treatment of depressive states. Good to excellent results were obtained in 70% of a series of 100 hospitalized patients suffering from depressive illnesses. Complications or side effects are minor.

Tofranil (imipramine) in the treatment of depressive states.

Tofranil (imipramine) in the treatment of depressive states.

The treatment of depressive states with impiramine hydrochloride.

(1) 62 Depressed patients were observed in a double blind study. (2) There was a 60% general improvement in the drug treated group. Comparison of the drug and control group by clinical evaluation was significant at the 1% level of confidence. (3) The differences between a small number (35) of drug and control patients were not significant in the psychological tests employed. (4) The drug may have some E.C.T. sparing effect. (5) No serious complications or side effects were encountered

A controlled trial of imipramine in treatment of depressive states.

A controlled trial of imipramine in treatment of depressive states.

Drugs in emotional disorders: past and present.

Excerpt Widespread interest in drugs currently used for treating emotional disorders has created the erroneous impression that pharmacologic approaches to psychiatric treatment are something new. B...

Clinical findings in the use of tofranil in depressive and other psychiatric states.

1. Preliminary observation would indicate that Tofrānil is a useful drug in the treatment of depressive states. It is not a tranquilizer and, therefore, is of little value in other conditions. It is a promising drug which can be used as an anti-depressant. However, its indication and scope must be studied for a longer period to determine what symptoms respond best to it. 2. The effect of Tofrānil in many patients can be increased by the concomitant use of a tranquilizer or a stimulant. In a number of patients Tofrānil, by removing the depressive elements, frees and exaggerates anxiety. 3. It can be used in combination with electric shock or after electric shock as a maintenance dose. 4. It is of little value in the treatment of schizophrenics and in paranoid types may often aggravate the condition and break down an unstable equilibrium to which the patient has become adjusted. 5. The combined use of Tofrānil and a tranquilizer is helpful in certain psychoneurotic states, associated with anxiety or with reactive depressions. 6. It is of value in the treatment of depressions occurring in the older age group. 7. High doses are unnecessary and the effective range is somewhere between 75 and 150 mgm. per day. 8. For the most part, side effects are minimal, particularly in the younger age group. As one approaches the older age group, the frequency of such side effects increases, but usually they are more uncomfortable than serious. In patients over 60 there may be a tendency to sudden falls which occur without warning. It is recommended that in older patients the dosage be limited to 75 mgm. or less. 9. Side effects can usually be reduced in frequency or intensity by a reduction in the dosage. 10. Long-term use of the drug is apparently necessary as patients may relapse, at least in the early stages when the drug is prematurely removed. Since the drug is rapidly excreted, it is necessary to give the medication 3 times a day.

The use of iproniazid in the treatment of depressive states.

The use of iproniazid in the treatment of depressive states.

Prognostic factors in the electro-shock treatment of depressive states. II.-The application of specific tests.

During the past ten years varying degrees of prognostic value have been claimed, directly or indirectly, for a number of specific factors in connection with the treatment of depressive illnesses by E.C.T. These have included the blood pressure responses to adrenaline and methacholine (Funkensteinet al., 1948, 1950); the “sedation threshold” to intravenous sodium amylobarbitone (Shagass, 1954; Shagass and Jones, 1958); EEG changes under thiopentone following electroshock (Roth, 1951; Rothet al., 1957); and psychological tests based on items derived from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (Pearson, 1950; Feldman, 1957, 1958; Welsh, 1952). Other studies have been made on the prognostic value of adrenocortical activity (Faureet al., 1957); serum calcium levels (Gour and Chaudhry, 1957); the “amytal test” (Kahnet al., 1956); and the administration of methylamphetamine (“methedrine”) (Rudolf, 1956). Some of the techniques employed appear too complicated or unreliable in their interpretation to be of any practical clinical value, although a few are of great theoretical value in the contributions to further knowledge of the rationale of E.C.T.

Prognostic factors in the electroshock treatment of depressive states. I.-Clinical features from history and examination.

Since its introduction in 1938 electroshock therapy (E.C.T.) has become probably the most widely applied form of physical treatment in psychiatry, despite the fact that its method and site of action are still not precisely known. Numerous investigations have been undertaken to delineate more clearly the indications for its use; notwithstanding broad agreement as to its value in depressive states and some schizophrenic syndromes there is still a paucity of evidence on which firm criteria for the prediction of outcome to treatment can be based. Most prognostic studies appeared in the first decade following the introduction of E.C.T. and were based largely on empirical clinical observations during the course of routine psychiatric practice, whereas later investigations have included more intensive and precise researches into possible psychological, physiological, biochemical and pharmacological indices of capacity to respond to electroshock.

The treatment of depressive states with G 22355 (imipramine hydrochloride).

Over a three-year period, more than 500 psychiatric patients of various diagnostic categories were treated with imipramine hydrochloride. It was demonstrated that the compound has potent antidepressant action. Best responses were obtained in cases of endogenous depression showing the typical symptoms of mental and motor retardation, fatigue, feeling of heaviness, hopelessness, guilt, and despair. The condition is furthermore characterized by the aggravation of symptoms in the morning with a tendency to improvement during the day. Treatment with imipramine hydrochloride resulted in full or social recovery in a high percentage of the patients. As a rule, the initial response was evident within 2 to 3 days, while in some cases 1 to 4 weeks of therapy were required. In view of the symptomatic nature of the action of imipramine hydrochloride, therapy must be maintained as long as the illness lasts. The side effects noted were relatively slight, and with the exception of one case of severe allergic exanthema ne...

Ritalin and chlorpromazine in chronic schizophrenia: a controlled clinical trial.

Ritalin (methylphenidate) is a drug which was developed by the firm of Ciba Limited. It resembles amphetamine in its central stimulant and sympathomimetic action but has quite a different chemical structure. Its general properties have been described by Meier et al. (1954) and by Drassdo and Schmidt (1954 a, b). Geller (1955) and Stier (1955) used Ritalin in the treatment of depressive states associated with apathy, while Ferguson (1955) found it of value in countering the depressive effects of reserpine therapy. Ferguson also notes that Ritalin seemed to have a beneficial action in cases of chronic schizophrenia and considered that his findings warranted a clinical trial.

The treatment of depressive states with dinitrile succinate.

Harris (1951) adequately summarizes the work done on nitrile compounds and their therapeutic use in psychiatric disorder. This work is highly controversial and the results contradictory. He adds a series of thirty cases of his own treated with dinitrile succinate (“Suxil” or “Psychil”), and concludes that no clear evidence of its therapeutic value was obtained. Twenty of his cases were treated by six or less injections of 0.1 gm. for the first, and 0.2 gm. for subsequent injections. He says: “Later, following representations by the manufacturers, this was extended to twelve.” He also comments on the suggestibility of some of his patients and the high spontaneous remission rate which make assessment of the efficacy of therapy peculiarly difficult. As far as can be seen from his paper, the assessments were made entirely impressionistically. Our preliminary trials, confirmed by our further experience with this drug, indicated (in complete harmony with Harris's opinion) that the drug is “safe, easy to administer, and quite free from toxic effects in the doses recommended.” We felt, therefore, that a further experimental trial was indicated.