Treatment Of Chemical Burns Research Articles

728 Chemical Burns and Eyebrow Tinting: An Unusual Case

IntroductionHere we present the case of chemical burns following professional eyebrow tinting, a phenomenon rarely described in the literature.MethodsA 50-year-old previously healthy female presented to our emergency department for evaluation and treatment of chemical burns to her eyebrows. Fifteen days prior, she underwent professional eyebrow tinting by a local esthetician. Blistering developed the following day, and progressive swelling prompted her to present to an outside hospital. There she was prescribed acyclovir, ketoconazole cream, and silver sulfadiazine, but despite these measures, her symptoms progressed, leading to her presentation to our facility. Both brows were remarkable for significant swelling with exudative crushing on the surface concerning for superficial infection of partial-thickness chemical burns. She was prescribed bacitracin, prednisone, and clindamycin and discharged with instructions to follow up in burn clinic. Six days later, both brows had developed 2x3 cm scabs, but no signs of infection were appreciated. She was instructed to apply bacitracin/polymyxin B ointment to the scabbing areas and open wounds. Forty-nine days after her tinting, both brows were noted to be completely healed with no alopecia.ResultsBurns following cosmetic procedures most commonly occur during hair lightening treatments where products frequently contain caustic chemicals such a hydrogen peroxide or persulphates leading to oxidation reactions lightening the hair. Thermal burns in hair salons have also been reported to heated hair-dressing instruments or external heat to hasten the highlighting process.The periorbital area is becoming an increasingly popular target for nonsurgical cosmetic procedures, including permanent eyelid tattooing, eyelash dying, and extensions, more recently, eyebrow tinting. Eyebrow tinting involves the application of semipermanent dyes to give the appearance of a fuller brow. There are no FDA-approved brow tinting formulations, and many contain para-phenylenediamine (PPD), a dying agent frequently associated with allergic dermatitis and less commonly chemical burns. This patient underwent brow tinting in a professional setting and still experienced a chemical burn. As the popularity of brow tinting increases, some patients will undoubtfully seek out readily available, unregulated products for self-application. The potential for dermatitis and chemical burns following eyebrow tinting will only increase.ConclusionsEyebrow tinting is not a benign cosmetic procedure, and even professional application of dyes may lead to chemical burns. We believe an increased awareness of brow tinting and its potential complications is warranted given its increasing popularity, the preponderance of unregulated products, and the potential for poor cosmetic outcomes.

Enzymatic debridement as an effective treatment for combined flame and chemical burns caused by e-cigarettes

Since its introduction on the market in 2007, the number of reports on injuries caused by the ignition or explosion of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) has increased significantly.Two male patients have been treated at our burn center, the for ENDS-related injuries. Their batteries came into contact with metal objects stored in their pants pockets, resulting in a short circuit and finally ignition. In both patients, the combined flame and chemical burn wounds were initially irrigated with water upon arrival at the emergency department, leading to increased levels of pain. In our burn center, the wounds were extensively cleansed which led to a subsequent drop in NRS-scores. Laser Doppler Imaging showed a clear indication for surgery as both patients suffered a partial-thickness burn, with one patient having a patch of full-thickness burn as well. We swiftly performed an enzymatic debridement in both patients, followed by conservative wound management. Although enzymatic debridement is not generally recommended in the treatment of chemical burns, we successfully made use of this treatment option.Different authors advocate the use of mineral oils to irrigate or cover alkali burns, as contact between the chemical compounds and water can set off an exothermic reaction, leading to further injury. We believe that a hypertonic rinsing solution could be recommended as well in an emergency setting and we want to stress the importance of rapid removal of the chemical compounds in suspected chemical burns as well as swift debridement.

FORMATION OF GRANULATION TISSUE BY DRILLING HOLES IN THE CRANIUM AFTER CHEMICAL SCALP BURNS: A CASE STUDY

Although chemical burns constitute 3% to 5% of all burns, they are responsible for 30% of burn-related deaths. Chemical burns cause protein denaturation in physiological proteins by different mechanisms such as reduction, oxidation, corrosion, purification, salinization, and protoplasmic poisoning. Time is very important in the treatment of chemical burns. Chemical substances should be removed very quickly from the body. Chemical scalp burns (with bones) are a rare injury in clinical practice. In the case of scalp burns, including bones, it becomes an important problem when flab surgeries fail or cannot be performed. This study was planned to examine the formation of granulation tissue by drilling holes in the cranium after chemical scalp burns, and to determine the process of grafting and clinical practice.
 A 55-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency department after a chemical burn (nitric acid). He was admitted to the burn center with 20% of the total chemical burn being in the third degree, especially on the head and chest area. The patient was treated with debridement. Since the cranial periosteum was burned, the defect was wide and there was a chemical burn for the second time, graft and flap surgeries could not be performed. Multiple holes were drilled on the skull. Approximately a month later, granulation was observed in all holes in the cranium. The granulated areas in the skull were cleaned and debrided. The defect in the cranium was closed with a split thickness graft. Approximately 15 days later, he was discharged from the hospital. Therefore, after exposure to nitric acid, more than half of the scalp was burned to the bone. After the necrotic tissues were cleaned, the skull bones appeared. Since graft and flap surgeries could not be performed, granulation was stimulated on the cranium by opening holes in the skull.

РІВЕНЬ ПРОЗАПАЛЬНИХ ЦИТОКІНІВ ЗА УМОВ ЛУЖНОГО ОПІКУ СТРАВОХОДУ 2-ГО СТУПЕНЯ ТА ПРИ ВВЕДЕННІ ЕКСТРАКТУ СТРУЧКІВ PHASEOLUS VULGARIS

The frequency of damage due to poisoning with chemicals is increasing. Chemical burns are the most common pathology of the esophagus in children. As a result of penetration of alkalis and contact with the wall of the esophagus, along with necrosis, damage to the mucous membrane, submucosal and muscular membrane of the esophagus occurs. Despite a large number of drugs that have been tested in the treatment of complications caused by esophageal burns, there is little information that would indicate the high effectiveness of the previously used drugs. When treating chemical burns of the esophagus there are many complications. Full restoration of the functional status of immunity is an important step in the complex therapy of treatment of chemical burns of the esophagus. The analysis of literature data shows the positive influence of polyphenols of natural origin on the normalization of physiological and biochemical parameters in various pathologies. The extract of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris pods extract (PVPE)) is an example of a rich bioactive component of the source with beneficial characteristics for humans. Therefore, the purpose of our work was to investigate the level of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) in blood serum of rats in the simulation of alkaline esophageal burns of 2 degrees at 7th,15th, 21st and 31st days and for the introduction of Phaseolus Vulgaris pod extract. During our study, it was found that during alkali burns esophagus second degree, marked and prolonged increase in marker proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6, which could cause the formation of granulated tissue, resulting in the formation of scars, violation of reparative regeneration and delayed healing of burn wounds. The content of proinflammatory cytokines in a group of animals with treatment is lower compared with the group with burns without treatment during the experiment time, which may indicate the expressed therapeutic effect of the extract of beans pods in alkaline burns of the esophagus.

Tratamentul arsurilor chimice – prezentare de caz

Tratamentul arsurilor chimice – prezentare de caz

Chemical Burns of the Eye: The Role of Retinal Injury and New Therapeutic Possibilities.

To propose a new treatment paradigm for chemical burns to the eye - in the acute and chronic phases. Recent laboratory and clinical data on the biology and treatment of chemical burns are analyzed. Corneal blindness from chemical burns can now be successfully treated with a keratoprosthesis, on immediate and intermediate bases. Long term outcomes, however, are hampered by early retinal damage causing glaucoma. New data suggest that rapid diffusion of inflammatory cytokines posteriorly (TNF-α, etc) can severely damage the ganglion cells. Prompt anti-TNF-α treatment is markedly neuroprotective. Long term profound reduction of the intraocular pressure is also vital. A new regimen, in addition to standard treatment, for severe chemical burns is proposed. This involves tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibition promptly after the accident (primarily for retinal neuroprotection), prophylactic maximal lowering of the intraocular pressure (starting immediately), and keratoprosthesis implantation in a later quiet state.

Amniotic membrane extraction solution for ocular chemical burns

To evaluate the efficacy of amniotic membrane extract (AME) for ocular chemical burns. Prospective non-comparative interventional case series study. Consecutive 14 eyes of 11 patients with acute or chronic chemical burns, being recruited in one referral centre, received AME topically in combination with traditional treatment. Ocular discomfort, visual acuity, ocular surface inflammation, re-epithelialization, corneal thickness, corneal neovascularization and symblepharon were evaluated. Symptom relieved and ocular surface inflammation reduced dramatically in all eyes. Epithelial defect healed in all eyes with acute burns, in which less than 7 clock hours of limbus was involved, after 16.6 days (1-44 days) AME treatment. AME failed to close the epithelial defect in all eyes with chronic chemical burn coexisting diffuse limbal stem cell deficiency; however, the area of epithelial defect decreased to 58% (11.1%-68.2%) at final visit. During a follow-up period of 8.2 months (6-11 months), visual acuity improved in 12 eyes (86%). There was mild neovascularization in three eyes with grade III and IV acute burns, and slow progress of neovascularization in chronic burns. Mild symblepharon developed in two eyes with grade III and IV acute burns, whereas there was no significant progress of symblepharon in chronic cases. Although it is a preliminary and uncontrolled study, topical application of AME is effective in reducing inflammation, promoting reepithelization in the treatment of chemical burns, especially for mild to moderate acute cases.

Water jet for early treatment of chemical burn

The first necessity in the initial management of burn to remove from the wound the agent of burn and also any contaminants, clothes or foreign bodies. This is particularly important in chemical burns, because the agent may penetrate deeply into the skin and cause ongoing tissue destruction unless it is immediately and completely removed by washing or irrigation using saline or water. It is well known that irrigation with water is the most effective way both to neutralise and to remove chemical agents; however, some compounds may penetrate the epidermis and may remain after irrigation, so that tissue damage progresses. Complete removal of necrotic skin and tissue as soon as possible is the next step in burn treatment. This accelerates wound healing with or without dermal substitutes, particularly in superficial injuries. Debridement ideally removes all necrotic tissue in a single procedure, leaving behind viable undamaged tissue. This improves the quality of healing in firstand second-degree burns, and minimises the need for further wound revisions. The water jet system, based on fluid jet technology, has been advocated as an alternative to standard surgical excisional techniques for burn, The water jet is capable of adequately debriding superficial and partial-thickness wounds [1–4]. In this article we report on the use of water jet hydrosurgery in the early treatment of a hydrochloric acid burn.

Treatment of post-burn esophageal strictures

Treatment of chemical burns of the esophagus is one of the most complex and urgent problems of surgery. This is explained by the fact that until now the issues of intensive therapy in the acute stage of burns, prevention and treatment of post-burn strictures of the esophagus are not completely solved. For a number of reasons the number of victims does not decrease, which is associated primarily with gross violations of safety when working with aggressive liquids and their storage at work, and to an even greater extent in the home. The considerable part of victims is in a condition of alcohol intoxication or a hangover, that forces them to address for medical aid at late terms. So, more than 87% of patients admitted to our clinic, received a burn of the esophagus while intoxicated, 1/3 of patients did not seek medical help in the first day after the burn.

The treatment of chemical burns: specialized diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic considerations

The treatment of chemical burns: specialized diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic considerations

Traumatologia Ocular Y Oftalmologia Laboral (Ocular Traumatology and Occupational Ophthalmology).

This is a relatively extensive book on this subject, to which several outstanding European specialists have contributed. As the title suggests, it is not only concerned with trauma in the eyes, but also with occupational eye diseases and their medicolegal implications. The book has 26 chapters, most of them written in the classical flowery Spanish often found in scientific literature, which although pleasant to read does not help the reader to obtain a concise idea of the author's point of view in a particular problem. Some chapters, such as the one on treatment of chemical burns, and that on treatment of sympathetic ophthalmia, present controversial and outdated methods of treatment. Although most chapters have a generous list of references, these lag behind three to four years at the time of this review. Since there are few treatises on the field of industrial ophthalmology and traumatology of the eye, this book

The treatment of chemical burns of the oesophagus.

The treatment of chemical burns of the oesophagus.