Treatment Of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Research Articles

Endoscopic Versus Open Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Postoperative Complications in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often face higher postoperative complication rates. Limited data exist regarding outcomes in T2DM patients undergoing carpal tunnel release (CTR). This study compares complication rates between endoscopic CTR (ECTR) and open CTR (OCTR) in patients with T2DM. The TriNetX database was used to perform a retrospective cohort study of 67,225 patients with T2DM who underwent ECTR (n= 17,792) or OCTR (n= 49,433). Demographic data, medical comorbidities, and complication rates were analyzed. A 1:1 propensity score match was performed to calculate risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals of postoperative median nerve injury, 6-week wound dehiscence, and 6-week wound infection. After matching, a significantly greater number of ECTR patients had liver disease (P= <.001) and a body mass index > 40 (P= .001) compared to the OCTR group. These patients also had a lower incidence of fluid and electrolyte disorders (P= .003). Patients with T2DM who underwent ECTR had a significantly lower relative risk of 6-week wound infection, 6-week wound dehiscence, and median nerve injury (all P < .001) compared to patients who underwent OCTR. In our analysis of T2DM patients undergoing CTR, ECTR yielded significantly lower rates of wound infection, wound dehiscence, and nerve injury within 6-weeks post-surgery, reducing the risk by 43%, 52%, and 58%, respectively. These findings suggest that ECTR may result in a lower complication rate in this patient population. III.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of 2 Different Kinesio Taping Techniques Added to Exercises in the Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Randomized Controlled Trial, Double-Blind, Parallel Groups

ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of I-tape and button hole kinesio taping (KT) techniques added to exercises in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). DesignProspective randomized controlled blinded study. SettingPhysical Medicine and Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinic. ParticipantsA total of 108 patients (165 wrists) diagnosed with CTS (N=108). InterventionsButton hole technique (BG), I-band technique (IG), and exercises (EG). Main Outcome MeasuresVisual analog scale (VAS), Douleur Neuropathique 4 Questions (DN4), Boston carpal tunnel syndrome questionnaire, and Jamar dynamometer were used. Median sensory nerve action potential (SNAP), compound muscle action potential (CMAP), median distal sensory latency (DSL), median distal motor latency (DML), sensory conduction velocity, and motor conduction velocity were recorded. Measurements were made at baseline, week 3, and week 12. ResultsThirty-six patients were in each group. Significant statistical improvements in VAS and DN4 scores were found in the BG and IG compared with EG (P<.05). Statistically significant improvements in hand grip strength were observed in the IG compared with the EG (P<.05). Significant improvements in DML levels and motor conduction velocity were observed in the BG and IG compared with the EG (P<.05). A significant increase in sensory conduction velocity was detected in the BG compared with the other groups (P<.05). ConclusionsBoth KT techniques are effective in terms of pain, functionality, symptom severity, grip strength, and electrophysiologically. The button hole technique was more effective in DSL, sensory conduction velocity, CMAP amplitude, and SNAP.

Risk of hand and forearm conditions due to vibrating hand-held tools exposure: a retrospective cohort study from Sweden

ObjectivesThe occurrence of hand and forearm disorders related to vibration exposure, adjusted for relevant background factors, is scarcely reported. We analysed the prevalence of such conditions in a large population...

Сurrent medical rehabilitation methods for patients after carpal tunnel syndrome surgical treatment: a review

INTRODUCTION. Carpal tunnel syndrome is one of the most common tunnel syndromes types and ranks sixth in the all-occupational diseases’ registry. The high interest in this pathology and its’ postoperative management peculiarities study is due to the disease widespread prevalence, social significance, often unsatisfactory surgical treatment results and a long hand function restoration period. The purpose of this work was to study modern concepts of postoperative rehabilitation of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. SOURCE SEARCH METHODOLOGY. When preparing the review, open electronic databases of scientific literature were used: PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, eLibrary.ru. The search for medical literature data was carried out using the following keywords: “rehabilitation”, “carpal tunnel syndrome”, “carpal tunnel syndrome”, “median nerve”, “compressive neuropathy”. The criteria for inclusion in the analysis of literature sources were: randomized controlled clinical trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Preference was given to publications over the past 5–10 years. DISCUSSION. The article presents the most commonly used techniques in the postoperative management of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome, discusses the mechanisms of their action and prospects for the development of this area. The review discussed the following rehabilitation methods: a wide range of methods of hardware physiotherapy, manual therapy, kinesiotaping, manual lymphatic drainage, as well as the possibilities of physical therapy and robotic mechanotherapy. Despite the high level of development of medicine, the long process of rehabilitation of these patients remains an important problem, while the clinical effectiveness of a wider range of proposed techniques still remains poorly understood. Some of the most promising methods of rehabilitation of patients after surgical treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome are methods of robotic mechanotherapy and extracorporeal shock wave therapy. CONCLUSION. For the effective use of the described techniques as part of the postoperative rehabilitation of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome in clinical practice, further research and study of their long-term effects, as well as comparison of their effectiveness with the aim of the most complete and rapid restoration of the function of the affected hand, is necessary.

Comparing endoscopic and conventional surgery techniques for carpal tunnel syndrome: A retrospective study

IntroductionThis study aimed to compare the effectiveness of endoscopic carpal tunnel release (ECTR) versus open carpal tunnel release (OCTR) in treating carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), focusing on symptom relief, functional recovery and post-operative complications. MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 44 patients diagnosed with CTS, randomly assigned to undergo either ECTR (n=23) or OCTR (n=21). Parameters evaluated included post-operative pain, grip strength, functional status using the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score and time to return to work. ResultsPatients who underwent ECTR demonstrated superior functional recovery and quicker return to daily and work activities compared to those in the OCTR group. Grip strength improvement post-surgery showed no significant difference between the groups. However, ECTR patients reported significantly lower DASH scores and faster return to work, indicating better outcomes. There were fewer reports of post-operative complications and scar sensitivity in the ECTR group. ConclusionECTR provides an effective alternative to OCTR for CTS treatment, with advantages in functional recovery speed, reduced post-operative discomfort and faster return to work. These findings support the adoption of ECTR as a preferred surgical approach for CTS, highlighting its potential to improve patient outcomes with minimal complications.

Three in one - unusual palmaris longus muscle anatomical variation.

The palmaris longus muscle (PLM) is one of the most variable muscles in human body, pre-senting a wide range of morphological variants such as reversed course, biventer muscle, bi-furcated tendon or total agenesis. Their clinical impact is particularly important in diagnosis and treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome and reconstructive surgery. We present a case of PLM including a previously undescribed combination of variations. A routine dissection of male cadaver aged approximately 60 demonstrated a biventer muscle, with superior and inferior belly being interrupted by a long tendon. The inferior belly passed deep to the flexor retinaculum and its terminal tendon connected to flexor digitorum superfi-cialis tendon for 5th finger. The clinical importance of variations found have been described separately, including unsuita-bility of biventer muscles for tendon reconstruction and increased risk for developing carpal tunnel syndrome in patients with PLM tendon passing deep to the flexor retinaculum. In conclusion, as another variation of PLM is described, it is crucial to bear in mind the poten-tial morphological types of the muscle in diagnosis and treatment of patients, especially in surgery of the hand and forearm.

Injection therapy for carpal tunnel syndrome: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Various injectants are available for the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome. This systematic review and network meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of different injection therapies in alleviating the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. Various databases were searched for relevant studies from inception until May 10, 2023. Eligible studies were identified using the patient (P), intervention (I), comparison (C), and outcomes (O) model, which involved (P) participants with carpal tunnel syndrome, (I) an intervention based on injection therapy, (C) the use of placebo or another injectant as a control treatment, and (O) the measurement of clinical and electrodiagnostic outcomes of interest. A total of 18 studies were included in the analysis. The network meta-analysis revealed that platelet-rich plasma is effective in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome in terms of symptom and pain relief and functional improvement in both the short and long term, whereas steroids are effective only in the short term. Additionally, injections of dextrose solution may offer long-term pain relief as well as short- and long-term symptom alleviation and functional improvement. The study findings suggest that platelet-rich plasma should be used as the first-line treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome, with dextrose and steroids serving as alternative treatment options.

Comparison of surgical and non-surgical approaches in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome: A Cochrane Review summary with commentary.

Comparison of surgical and non-surgical approaches in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome: A Cochrane Review summary with commentary.

Factors Associated with Upper Extremity Functionality After Mini-Open Release Surgery for Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between upper extremity functionality, pain intensity, muscle strength, and symptom severity among patients diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) who underwent mini-open release surgery. Material and Method: This retrospective study entailed the review of medical records of 70 patients diagnosed with CTS who underwent mini-open release surgery between January 2021 and January 2023. Data were collected from preoperative assessments and routine follow-up evaluations conducted at 3 months post-surgery. Upper extremity functionality was assessed utilizing the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, pain severity was determined using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), muscle strength was evaluated through hand grip strength, and disease severity was measured using the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ). Results: A statistically significant improvement was observed in DASH questionnaire scores, VAS scores, hand grip strength, and BCTQ scores at the 3-month follow-up compared to preoperative values (p

Ulnar Nerve Hydrodissection at the Elbow With Ultrasound Guidance

Background: Ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE) is common, and treatment ranges from bracing and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to surgical decompression. Prior to surgical intervention, some patients may opt to receive perineural injections to the ulnar nerve. The goal of this injection is to reduce pain, improve symptoms, and decrease nerve cross-sectional area through mechanical decompression. While the use of hydrodissection as a treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome has been well studied, there are few studies evaluating its utility in UNE. Indications: Ultrasound-guided perineural injections can be used to alleviate symptoms of UNE caused by compression. The use of a gel stand-off technique is helpful in maintaining adequate visualization of the needle with a steeper needle angle. Technique Description: The procedure was carried out with patient supine, shoulder abducted to 90°, and the forearm supinated. A 15-6 MHz linear array ultrasound transducer was used to localize the right ulnar nerve proximal to the retrocondylar groove at an area of focal hypoechogenicity and increased nerve cross-sectional area. A 3 mL mixture of 2 mL of 1% lidocaine and 1 mL of 10 mg/mL dexamethasone was injected using a sonographically guided in-plane anterior-to-posterior technique. Results: Our patient was seen 3 weeks after her right-sided ulnar nerve hydrodissection and had experienced temporary reduction in symptoms. Discussion/Conclusion: UNE is a common cause of focal neuropathy. Most patients will experience adequate relief of symptoms with conservative treatment modalities. If patients do not experience adequate symptom relief, ultrasound-guided ulnar nerve injection is a minimally invasive option that can provide symptom relief. However, if patients continue to experience significant symptom burden, it is reasonable to discuss surgical options for ulnar nerve decompression. Patient Consent Disclosure Statement: The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.

D76. Endoscopic Versus Open Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Postoperative Complications in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

D76. Endoscopic Versus Open Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Postoperative Complications in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Post-traumatic carpal tunnel syndrome in children

BackgroundGiven limited information about acute carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in children, the purpose of this study is to describe the presentation and treatment results of CTS after traumatic wrist or forearm injury in a pediatric population. MethodsIn this retrospective single-center cohort study, all children with post-traumatic CTS were identified. Demographic and clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes data were collected from the electronic medical record. Descriptive statistics were calculated for variables of interest, and Χ2 and independent sample t-tests were used for subgroup comparisons. Results18 patients (16 male, average age 12.8 ± 3.6 years) with post-traumatic CTS were identified. 13 presented acutely (<3 days) versus 4 subacutely (1–6 weeks) and one delayed presentation (>6 weeks) after injury. Of associated traumas, 83% (15/18) involved distal radius fractures, of which 40% (6/15) had an associated ulna fracture. The most common symptoms were numbness (78%), paresthesias (33%), and increasing pain (28%). Three patients had clinical concerns for concomitant compartment syndrome. 6 patients were initially monitored (2 acute, 3 subacute, 1 delayed). Ultimately, 16/18 underwent operative release (13/13 acute, 2/4 subacute, 1/1 delayed). At follow-up, 81% of the surgically treated patients had complete symptomatic relief. There was no statistically significant difference in treatment outcomes between acute versus subacute or delayed presentation (OR: 6.67, p = .214). Of patients with acute CTS, delayed surgery resulted in prolonged recovery (28.0 vs. 2.4 weeks, p < .001). ConclusionsPost-traumatic CTS more often presents acutely than as a delayed complication of distal radius fractures in children. The type of injury and clinical presentation can vary, but patients most often present with median neuropathy symptoms like numbness. Acute CTS should be treated urgently with carpal tunnel release. While patients with delayed presentation can trial observation, the patient will likely warrant surgery for complete symptom relief. Operative treatment for both acute and subacute cases generally results in positive outcomes. Key Concepts(1)Post-traumatic CTS may present acutely as a complication of distal radius fractures in children with symptoms of numbness, paresthesias, and increasing pain.(2)Acute CTS should be treated with urgent carpal tunnel release to avoid prolonged recovery.(3)Children with delayed presentation of CTS can be safely monitored, but the patient often needs surgery to experience complete symptom relief.(4)Operative treatment for post-traumatic CTS in children generally results in positive outcomes. Level of EvidenceIV Case Series

Association of carpal tunnel syndrome risk factors with treatment modality selection focusing on corticosteroid injection and surgery: A nationwide population-based study.

Several studies have revealed the risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). However, no studies have evaluated the influence of these risk factors on the selection of treatment modalities for CTS. This study aimed to determine the influence of CTS risk factors on the selection of CTS treatment modalities with a focus on corticosteroid injection (CI) and surgery. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients aged ≥20 years with newly diagnosed CTS in the Korean health insurance review and assessment service between 2010 and 2019. We evaluated the demographic information, the existence of CTS risk factors, and the applied treatment modalities for CTS, including CI and operation. The CTS risk factors include age, sex, diabetes mellitus, osteoarthritis of the hand or wrist, rheumatoid arthritis, hypothyroidism, gout, chronic kidney disease (CKD) on dialysis, antiestrogen or aromatase inhibitor medication, and a history of distal radius fracture (DRF). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Age over 80 years was the most significantly associated factor for the selection of CI in CTS (odd ratio [OR], 2.149; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.092 to 2.209; P < .001). Among underlying diseases or medications, CKD on dialysis (OR, 4.001; 95% CI, 3.819-4.193; P < .001) was the most significant associated factor for the selection of operation for CTS, followed by a history of DRF (OR, 1.803; 95% CI, 1.749-1.860; P < .001). Old age was the most significantly related factor for selecting CI. Among underlying diseases or medications, CKD on dialysis and the history of DRF were the most significantly related factors for selecting operative treatment. For these patients, clinicians should proactively consider an operation to reduce the long-term discomfort and economic burdens.

Prospective evaluation of a novel device for ultrasound-guided percutaneous treatment of carpal tunnel and trigger finger disease. Efficacy and safety of sono-instruments®.

To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous release procedures under sonography using Sono-Instruments® in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and trigger finger (TF). Prospective study involving 30 patients, divided into two groups (15 CTS, and 15 TF). The primary outcomes were surgical performance-related outcomes (visibility, ease of use, satisfaction, duration) using Sono-Instruments® and patient-related outcomes (pain, activity limitations, time to return to work, functional scores). Secondary outcomes included complications. Patients were followed for two months post-operatively. In the CTS group, the average age of the patients was 58.7years. The percutaneous release of the transverse carpal ligament was effectively completed in all cases, with excellent device performance and no adverse events. At one week, all patients could wash their hands, 80% could perform activities of daily living, and 80% of those working had returned to their activities. At two months, all patients had resumed all activities. Pillar pain was still present in 53.3%. In the TF group, the patients had an average age of 57.9years. The percutaneous release of the A1 annular pulley was successful in all cases, with excellent device performance and no adverse events. At one week, all patients could wash their hands, 93.3% could do all activities of daily living, and 75% of those working were back to their professional activities. At two months, all patients were back to all activities of daily living and work. The DASH score was significantly improved at two months, compared to preoperative, for both groups (p < 0.001). Percutaneous sono-guided release using Sono-Instruments® is safe and efficient, and associated with quick functional recovery. II.

Metacarpal Small Incision for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

Endoscopic carpal tunnel release (ECTR) techniques have been established as a successful treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome and have proven equally effective as traditional open carpal tunnel release (OCTR) techniques in relieving pain and numbness. However, patients who undergo OCTR are more likely to experience scar tenderness and pillar pain and take longer to return to work. We present here a method of metacarpal small incision for carpal tunnel release (MSICTR) as a safe, reliable, cost-effective alternative surgical decompression of the median nerve of the wrist. This technique utilizes a metacarpal small incision and direct visualization of the median nerve and carpal tunnel contents, reducing the risk of permanent injury and neurasthenia when compared to traditional OCTR. MSICTR is also suitable for the examination of the median nerve, surrounding tendon sheath, or space-occupying lesions. MSICTR is associated with shorter operation times, less postoperative pain, faster recovery, and improved cosmetic results when compared to traditional OCTR. Therefore, MSICTR is an effective surgical decompression of the median nerve for the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Incidence and Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Following Distal Radius Fractures: A TriNetX Analysis of 39,603 Patients

Distal radius fractures (DRFs) are among the most common fractures and occur among all age groups. Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a known sequela of DRFs, but its incidence is poorly understood. This study was undertaken to determine the incidence of CTS following a DRF, with the hypothesis being that CTS occurs more commonly after nonsurgical treatment of a DRF. The TriNetX US Collaborative Network was queried for all patients diagnosed with DRFs from January 2016 to December 2022. Cohorts were defined by inclusion and exclusion of the procedure Current Procedural Terminology codes into surgical and nonsurgical groups and subsequent ICD-10 diagnosis codes of CTS. Statistical analysis was performed to determine differences in management across the study period. A total of 39,603 patients met inclusion with a diagnosis of a DRF. The incidence of CTS within one year of a DRF was 5.3%. Among all DRF cases, 10,279 (26%) patients underwent surgical treatment, whereas 29,324 (74%) patients underwent nonsurgical treatment. The incidence of CTS in the surgical group was 1194 (12%), whereas the incidence of CTS in the nonsurgical group was 915 (3%). Patients undergoing surgical treatment for a DRF had a 9% risk of developing CTS, whereas patients undergoing nonsurgical treatment had a 5% risk. Among all the patients having been diagnosed with CTS, 63% of those with an operatively treated DRF underwent surgical release, whereas 23% of those with a nonoperatively treated DRF underwent surgical release for CTS. Patients having undergone surgical treatment for DRF had a four times higher rate of developing CTS, compared with those having undergone nonsurgical treatment. Among patients who underwent surgical treatment of a DRF with the subsequent development of CTS, there was a nearly three times higher rate of surgical release of CTS. Prognostic III.

Study on therapeutic management of carpal tunnel syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome has long been considered a pathology requiring surgical intervention. Over the years, therapeutic management has become increasingly complex, with improvements observed in patients benefiting from orthopedic, surgical, ergotherapeutic and physiotherapeutic treatments, tailored to individual possibilities. The objective of this case study is to observe whether individualized and adapted kinetic treatment based on specific, non-specific and comprehensive means, succeeds in optimizing the results within the QuickDASH-Score for a 64-year-old patient following surgical intervention for carpal tunnel syndrome. The QuickDASH analyses physical function, pain and other symptoms associated with various types of upper limb musculoskeletal pathologies and disorders. The initial evaluation score was 47 points, with the physiotherapy program carried out over a six-months period. The main objectives included pain, edema, and inflammation control; enhancing joint range of motion within physiological limits in affected areas; preventing muscle-tendon retractions; and fostering independence in daily activities. The final evaluation had 32 points, signifying a 15-point improvement and achievement of the objective, resulting in enhanced quality of life. Physiotherapy in carpal tunnel syndrome is a meticulously applied treatment that alleviates specific symptoms. It's crucial to educate patients on how physiotherapy contributes to full functional recovery, as premature ending can have significant adverse effects on quality of life.

Response to Khan et al: Long-Term Outcomes of Non-surgical versus Surgical Treatment for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: An Observational Cohort Study.

The letter to the editor discusses the comparative fairness between surgical and non-surgical treatments for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS), highlighted in Khan et al.'s study. The authors argue that surgical treatments, being based on a unified pathophysiology of decompression, are not comparable to the diverse non-surgical treatments like splinting and local corticosteroid injections, which only some have substantial evidence backing their effectiveness. They reference their own study showing equal effectiveness of surgery and corticosteroid injections in the short term, but a long-term advantage for surgery, despite a significant number of non-surgical cases not requiring further treatment.

EXPLORING THE POSSIBILITIES OF SOME CONTEMPORARY PHYSICAL THERAPY METHODS FOR THE CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT OF CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common compression neuropathy, affecting nearly 5% of the general population. The modern approach to its treatment is complex and includes early diagnosis, prevention and treatment of all conditions and diseases leading to its manifestation.&#x0D; Many authors have worked on the problems related to the possibilities of physical therapy in treating CTS, but the question of optimal treatment and rehabilitation remains relevant to this day. In practice, various rehabilitation programs are constantly being implemented and developed. Many have demonstrated positive outcomes, but work in this area persists. Every novel approach or integration of established physiotherapeutic and rehabilitation techniques enhances the current methods and expands the potential for more comprehensive functional recovery of the impaired limb, as well as the patient's restoration to their previous lifestyle.&#x0D; Physical therapy has advanced significantly in recent decades due to the introduction of numerous new techniques and technologies. The article offers a brief literature overview of several contemporary physical medicine approaches that can be applied in the conservative treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome based on their physiological and therapeutic effects. Modern physical therapy approaches can be a viable alternative to established physical therapy methods like ultrasound, low-level laser, iontophoresis, magnetotherapy, TENS, and others. It is crucial to conduct additional qualitative and comprehensive investigations to verify the effectiveness of physical therapy in treating CTS, identify the most efficient ways, and create improved protocols for its conservative treatment.

Surgical Interventions for the Management of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Narrative Review.

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a severe condition that affects the hand, causing pain, numbness, paresthesia, and autonomic dysfunction caused by increased pressure, damage, and demyelination of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel. The most effective treatment for CTS is carpal tunnel release (CTR) via transverse carpal ligament (TCL) transect. We can apply decompression through endoscopic procedures; standard open techniques and minimally invasive wrist incisions can all be used to accomplish decompression. Superior outcomes have been reported in many studies, including patient satisfaction, symptom relief, improvements in multiple assessment modality results, and fewer complications. Soreness at the incision site, tenderness around the site of ligament release, transitory loss of motor or sensory function, and the need for a repeat operation are all postoperative consequences. There is minimal and low-quality evidence to support the effectiveness of postoperative rehabilitation, such as wrist orthoses, dressings, exercise, and ice therapy, which have benefited patients anecdotally.