Boiler Water Treatment Research Articles

Analysis of Internal Boiler Water Treatment Maintenance System on Boiler Operation in KM. Bukit Raya

Boilers are auxiliary machines on ships that are usually used to produce pressurised steam that is needed on ships, namely for heating fuel, lubricating oil, and heating water for accommodation and machinery. In the operation of boilers on ships, it is determined by the quality of water to produce good boiler performance. The purpose of this research is to analyse the boiler water treatment system to determine the quality of ship boiler water using water quality testing standards based on the American Society Mechanical Engineer (ASME). Standard parameters set by ASME are pH and conductivity measurements, Alkalinity measurements, Hardness measurements, Silica and iron measurements in ship boiler water KM. Bukit Raya. From the results of the analysis of boiler water taken from sampling feed water boilers on ships KM. Bukit Raya shows the results of the analysis of boiler water on pH with the measured pH value still in the standard set by ASME, namely 10.5-11.5, boiler water analysis of hydrate alkalinity in samples 1,2,4 is still within ASME standards 200 - 400 ppm while the measurement of hydrate alkalinity exceeds the standard set by ASME of 420 ppm, excessive hydrate alkalinity will cause scale formation, boiler water to calcium obtained for samples 1-3 still meet ASME standards, namely trace, analysis of boiler water to Magnesium obtained for samples 1-3 still meet ASME standards, namely trace, analysis of boiler water to silica obtained silica measurements are still within the standards set by ASME 150 max

Film-forming amine product as an alternative to carbohydrazide oxygen scavenger in high pressure boilers

Hydrazine has been largely replaced by carbohydrazide (CHZ) as an oxygen scavenger due to safety and health concerns and CHZ is now used in Saline Water Conversion Corporation (SWCC) high pressure boilers. However, the operational problem of phosphate hide-out has become a continuous challenge for the plant operators. Advances in boiler water treatment have shown that effective corrosion control and prevention of scaling can be achieved by using a mixture of film-forming and alkalizing amines and polycarboxylates [Film Forming Amine Product (FFAP)]. With the use of FFAP, carbohydrazide/ammonia treatment of make-up water and phosphate treatment in the drum will not be required. A uniform FFAP formulation was used throughout the test.The evaluation study was carried out at a boiler of the Yanbu Phase 1 Desalination and Power Plant (Mitsubishi) generating 60 MWh, with make-up water of 15 t h−1 producing 330 t h−1 steam at a pressure of 67 barg and temperature of 480 °C.The trial provided evidence that FFAP was a good alternative to use of an oxygen scavenger. Changeover from CHZ to FFAP without phosphate addition in the drum was done initially by dosing FFAP from both hydrazine tank and phosphate tank so that pH was maintained to the required values in both feed water and drum water. With the optimal dose rate (0.6 ppm) maintaining FFAP in the range of 0.3–1.0 ppm in feed water, all the key parameters (pH, ammonia and specific conductivity) were within the specified boiler design limits. The average corrosion rates on the water side were low for both CHZ and FFAP treatment (0.009 ± 0.001 mm y−1), however FFAP treated coupons showed much lower corrosion rates compared to CHZ in the steam side (0.0006 ± 0.0003 mm y−1 cf. 0.0075 ± 0.0006 mm y−1).

Preparation of Film-Forming Amine Emulsion as Boiler Water Treatment Agent

In this study, the preparation method of the film-forming amine emulsion is explored by changing the sequence of different reagents, OLDA concentration, experimental temperature and OLDA/cyclohexylamine ratio. The stability of the film-forming amine emulsions prepared under different conditions is studied by observing if the emulsion delamination occurred after standing for several days. Results indicate that the sequence of different reagents, OLDA concentration, experimental temperature and OLDA/cyclohexylamine ratio affect the formation and stability of the film-forming amine emulsion obviously. The maximum content of OLDA in the film-forming amine emulsion could reach to 1.5 wt%, OLDA/cyclohexylamine ratio could be changed from 1:1 to 1:2.5, and room temperature could be as the experimental temperature. The stable film-forming amine emulsion could be prepared under the optimal conditions.

Novel Boiler Water Treatment Using Green Chemistry Saves Water and Energy

Novel Boiler Water Treatment Using Green Chemistry Saves Water and Energy

Reverse Osmosis Treatment of Wastewater for Reuse as Process Water-A Case Study.

The aim of this work was to purify mixed wastewater from three different production processes in such a manner that they could be reused as process water. The maximum allowed concentrations (MAC) from the Environmental Standards for emissions of substances released into surface water were set as target concentrations. Wastewaters contained solid particles, sodium, aluminium, chloride, and nitrogen in high amounts. Quantitatively, most wastewaters were generated in the production line of alumina washing. The second type of wastewater was generated from the production line of boehmite. The third type of wastewater was from regeneration of ion exchangers, which are applied for feed boiler water treatment. The initial treatment step of wastewater mixture was neutralisation, using 35% HCl. The precoat filtration followed, and the level of suspended solids was reduced from 320 mg/L to only 9 mg/L. The concentrations of ions, such as aluminium, sodium and chlorides remained above the MAC. Therefore, laboratory reverse osmosis was applied to remove the listed pollutants from the water. We succeeded in removal of all the pollutants. The concentration of aluminium decreased below 3 mg/L, the sodium to 145 mg/L and chlorides to 193 mg/L. The concentration of nitrate nitrogen decreased below 20 mg/L.

Research Process on Water Treatment Agent of Boiler for Preventing Metal Corrosion in the Steam-water Cycle

The safe and economical operation of boiler is influenced significantly by the metal corrosion in the steam-water cycle. It is the most common way to add the water treatment agents into the boiler water to prevent metal corrosion. In this paper, the application situation and limitations of the traditional boiler water treatment agents were summarized. Then the research process of the film-forming amines was elaborated. First, the structure and composition of film-forming amines, their properties and the interaction mechanisms with metal materials were described. Second, the industrial application of the film-forming amines was considered. Third, the existing problems of film-forming amines were discussed. Finally the future development of the novel film-forming amines was prospected.

Implementation of water chemistry in fossil power plants with drum boilers and in combined cycle/HRSG plants

Current water chemistry practice at fossil power plants with drum-type boilers and heat recovery steam generators includes ammonia dosing into the feedwater train and sodium phosphate or sodium hydroxide into the boiler water. The issues and impact on equipment with the use of phosphate or sodium hydroxide boiler water treatment, as well as optimum conditions for the use of these chemicals are discussed. Another operational issue of boiler unit is associated with flow-accelerated corrosion (FAC) of material, especially in the low-pressure circuit. The major reasons for boiler failures are outlined, with the data on FAC failure locations. An effect of oxygen and ammonia on boiler corrosion processes is discussed.

Smart Monitoring and Analyzing Process Level of Boiler Water Treatment Plant

Field instruments used in boiler water treatment plant are not able to access remotely and only able to control through central location Also the data are able to access through the internet only in the particular area. If any data lag or system failure occurs then it can be control only in the plant area. This becomes complex and cannot be applicable for all situation. To avoid such complexity happened due to system error and to monitor the system parameter remotely, a cloud based system from Siemen is used to connects plant, system and machines by IoT with advanced analytics and practically tested in Technocart Automation plant located in Ambattur, TamilNadu, India. This gives advance solution for monitoring the industrial parameter anywhere using Siemens Mindsphere and Mind connect nano Software.

Preface

2019 International Conference on Boiler and Heat Exchangers (ICBHE2019), co-organized by China Boiler and Boiler Water Treatment Association and China Jiliang University, was successfully held on November 1-3, 2019 in Hangzhou, China.ICBHE2019 was to bring together innovative academics and industrial experts in the field of boilers, heat exchangers, energy and environment, measurement, certification and evaluation to a common forum. The conference aims to promote and contribute research and developmental advancement in the industries of boilers, heat exchangers and heat transfer technology. And another goal is to promote scientific information interchange between researchers, developers, engineers, students, and practitioners working all around the world.It was wonderful to have around one hundred participants representing various universities at home and abroad attended this conference. The scientific program of the conference mainly consists of themed forums, special seminars and academic inspection activities. And we are honored to have Dean Guangxi Yue representing Tsinghua University, China, Prof. Yidong Chen from University of Nevada Las Vegas, USA, Prof. Xianming Dai from The University of Texas at Dallas, USA, and Prof. Wuqiang Yang from University of Manchester, UK as our distinguished keynote speakers. During the conference, these professors have shared their valuable and remarkable speeches on the following topics: 1. Research progress of industrial circulating fluidized bed boilers in China; 2. Numerical analysis of air condenser; 3. Application of New Bionic Nanomaterials in Thermal Energy Transmission; 4. Electrical capacitance tomography and industrial applications.We are pleased to introduce the Proceedings of ICBHE2019 which contains a selection of papers from contributed presentation in the conference. The Proceedings features recent result and contemporary research in boilers, heat exchangers, energy and environment and measuring technique. All the papers have been through rigorous review and process to meet the requirements of International publication standard.On behalf of the committee, we would like to express our gratitude to the distinguished speakers who have come to share their valuable findings and knowledge, to the chairman and all participants, who contributed a lot and made this conference a great success. We would also like to thank the contributors for submitting their papers and patiently revised them according to the suggestions of the designated reviewers.Finally, we hope that all the articles in this conference can provide valuable summary and reference for researchers in this field.The Organizing Committee of ICBHE2019Committee member, Academic Committee, Organizing Committee, Youth Academic Committee are available in the pdf

Impact of Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction: Evidence from Boiler Water and Cooling Tower Water Treatment Chemical Industry in Sri Lanka

Boiler water and cooling tower water treatment chemical industry is one of the markets where high competitive rivalry exists. Therefore, increasing the market share even by a very small percentage is a considerable challenge. Also, retaining the existing customers is a difficult task since the bargaining power of the buyer is high in this market. Therefore, operational cost that has to be borne by the supplier to retain their customers is a considerable cost. Hence, it is important to identify the factors that affect the customer satisfaction in this particular industry since it will enable to make decisions on how and to what extent that investment should be made to enhance the customer satisfaction and thereby increase the market share. This study is dedicated to understand the relationship between the service quality and customer satisfaction in the above mentioned industry. A customer feedback survey was carried out using a standard questionnaire distributed among 50 customers who contribute more than LKR80,000 per year to the revenue of XYZ company. The SERVQUAL model was used to measure the service quality. After data was collected and treated with statistics, it revealed that there is a strong positive relationship between the service quality and customer satisfaction. And the five dimensions of the service quality also have relationships with the customer satisfaction independently.

Characteristics of Multifunctional Polymer and Its Use for Low Pressure Boiler Water Treatment - Its Application to Marine Boilers

Characteristics of Multifunctional Polymer and Its Use for Low Pressure Boiler Water Treatment - Its Application to Marine Boilers

Effective Utilization of Energy by Chemicals for Boiler Water Treatment

Effective Utilization of Energy by Chemicals for Boiler Water Treatment

Electrochemical Properties of Carbon Steel Corrosion in Boiler Water at Elevated Temperatures

Water treatment programs are a key factor in steam cycle power station safety. They are one of the first lines of defense against a wide range of corrosion-induced boiler system failures. To further facilitate the development of effective boiler water treatment programs, it is important to fully understand the nuances of the underlying corrosion process. Though waterside corrosion of tubing in steam cycle power stations is an old problem, many aspects of the underlying processes are remain poorly defined at elevated temperatures and pressures. These gaps in our current understanding complicate the development and validation of new corrosion mitigation treatments. Here we demonstrate how a series of electrochemical techniques can be used to fill in some of these gaps when coupled with electrochemical theory and a high temperature & pressure condensed phase corrosion sensor. In this study, we investigated the kinetics of carbon steel corrosion in simulated boiler waters at elevated temperatures and pressures. Electrochemical properties (Tafel slopes and corrosion currents) of the corrosion processes were obtained and compared between techniques such as linear polarization resistance, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic scans. These comparisons demonstrated the power of using multiple techniques to better understand the behavior of elevated temperature corrosion. Furthermore they can serve as the benchmarks needed to verify the effectiveness of new water treatment programs.

Suez to buy GE water treatment unit

The French water treatment and waste management company Suez has agreed to buy GE Water & Process Technologies for $3.4 billion. Suez will combine GE Water with its own smaller business to create the world’s third-largest industrial water treatment firm, behind Ecolab and Xylem. GE Water had sales of $2.1 billion in 2016. Two-thirds of its sales are in services such as chemicals for wastewater and boiler water treatment. The balance comes from systems including water treatment equipment and separation membranes. Suez CEO Jean-Louis Chaussade says the acquisition will make Suez the only company that can service the entire industrial water treatment supply chain. It will have businesses in instrumentation, equipment, engineering and construction, chemical water treatment, and digital monitoring and analytics. Suez estimates that the deal will generate $70 million in synergies and $200 million in additional sales from cross selling. GE got most of its water treatment business

International water and steam quality standards for thermal power station drum-type and waste heat recovery boilers with the treatment of boiler water with phosphates and NaOH

One of the ways for improving the operational reliability and economy of thermal power station equipment, including combined-cycle equipment, is to decrease the rates of the corrosion of constructional materials and the formation of scales in the water-steam circuit. These processes can be reduced to a minimum via the use of water with a minimum content of admixtures and the correction treatment of a heat-transfer fluid. The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS), which unites specialists from every country of the world, has developed water and steam quality standards for power station equipment of different types on the basis of theoretical studies and long-term experience in the operation of power plants in 21 countries. Different water chemistry regimes are currently used at conventional and combined-cycle thermal power stations. This paper describes the conditions for the implementation of water chemistry regimes with the use of sodium salts of phosphoric acid and NaOH for the quality correction of boiler water. Water and steam quality standards and some recommendations for their maintenance under different operational conditions are given for each of the considered water chemistry regimes. The standards are designed for the water-steam circuit of conventional and combined-cycle thermal power stations. It is pointed out that the quality control of a heat-transfer fluid must be especially careful at combined-cycle thermal power stations with frequent startups and shutdowns.

Opportunities for increasing CO2 storage in deep, saline formations by active reservoir management and treatment of extracted formation water: Case study at the GreenGen IGCC facility, Tianjin, PR China

Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) seeks beneficial applications for CO2 recovered from fossil fuel combustion. This study evaluated the potential for removing formation water to create additional storage capacity for CO2, while simultaneously treating the produced water for beneficial use. The process would control pressures within the target formation, lessen the risk of caprock failure, and better control the movement of CO2 within that formation. The project plans to highlight the method of using individual wells to produce formation water prior to injecting CO2 as an efficient means of managing reservoir pressure. Because the pressure drawdown resulting from pre-injection formation water production will inversely correlate with pressure buildup resulting from CO2 injection, it can be proactively used to estimate CO2 storage capacity and to plan well-field operations. The project studied the GreenGen site in Tianjin, China where Huaneng Corporation is capturing CO2 at a coal fired IGCC power plant. Known as the Tianjin Enhanced Water Recovery (EWR) project, local rock units were evaluated for CO2 storage potential and produced water treatment options were then developed. Average treatment cost for produced water with a cooling water treatment goal ranged from 2.27 to 2.96 US$/m3 (recovery 95.25%), and for a boiler water treatment goal ranged from 2.37 to 3.18 US$/m3 (recovery 92.78%). Importance analysis indicated that water quality parameters and transportation are significant cost factors as the injection-extraction system is managed over time. The study found that in a broad sense, active reservoir management in the context of CCUS/EWR is technically feasible. In addition, criteria for evaluating suitable vs. unsuitable reservoir properties, reservoir storage (caprock) integrity, a recommended injection/withdrawal strategy and cost estimates for water treatment and reservoir management are proposed.

省エネルギーの観点から見た最近のボイラ用水処理薬品

紙・パルプ産業は電力消費量が多く，またパルプ化工程や抄紙工程で多量の中低圧蒸気を使用している。このため，ボイラで得られる高温高圧蒸気はまず蒸気タービンでの発電に利用された後，中低圧蒸気をプロセスで利用するコージェネレーション（熱電供給）システムが導入されるなど，積極的な省エネルギー活動が一貫して取り組まれている。ボイラ水処理の観点でも，省エネルギーはもちろん，ヒドラジンを用いない等の安全性に考慮した取組みが他業種に先行して進められてきた。一方，低圧ボイラが主体で用いられる段ボール加工工場では，組立工程における低圧の乾燥用蒸気が工場の全エネルギーの中で，約半分と大きなウェイトを占めるため，蒸気原単位削減の要望が強く，有圧でドレン回収率が高い工場へと変化してきた。本稿では，これら社会情勢を受けて進化してきた最新のボイラ用水処理薬品の特徴を紹介する。水処理薬品による省エネルギーは，新たに大きな設備投資なしに直ぐに実施できる施策として有効である。ここでは，国内外500件以上で高い評価を頂いている低圧ボイラ向け多機能ポリマー：ドリームポリマー®を配合したボイラ用水処理薬品と，欧州で1,000件を越える実績があり，近年は国内外の学会で注目されている皮膜性アミン：セタミン®について紹介する。これらのボイラ用水処理薬品は，主力商品として国内外での省エネルギーに貢献できると考えている。

新規ポリマーを配合した低圧ボイラ用水処理薬品の特徴とその適用事例

新規ポリマーを配合した低圧ボイラ用水処理薬品の特徴とその適用事例

Application of 1-hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-diphosphonic acid in boiler water for industrial boilers

The primary method used for boiler water treatment is the addition of chemicals to industrial boilers to prevent corrosion and scaling. The static scale inhibition method was used to evaluate the scale inhibition performance of 1-hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP). Autoclave static experiments were used to study the corrosion inhibition properties of the main material for industrial boilers (20# carbon steel) with an HEDP additive in the industrial boiler water medium. The electrochemical behavior of HEDP on carbon steel corrosion control was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Tafel polarization techniques. Experimental results indicate that HEDP can have a good scale inhibition effect when added at a quantity of 5 to 7 mg/L at a test temperature of not more than 100 °C. To achieve a high scale inhibition rate, the HEDP dosage must be increased when the test temperature exceeds 100 °C. Electrochemical and autoclave static experimental results suggest that HEDP has a good corrosion inhibition effect on 20# carbon steel at a concentration of 25 mg/L. HEDP is an excellent water treatment agent.

Possibility of improvement of boiler water treatment process—ion exchange vs. reverse osmosis

The boiler water in certain power plant is produced by chemical decarbonization, sand filtration, and ion exchange. Process ends with mixed bed ion exchange. The current boiler water treatment process is analyzed in terms of achieved water quality, quantity and quality of wastewater, and amount of chemicals needed. The main disadvantage of current process is consumption of large amount of chemicals. Ion exchange process could be replaced with the reverse osmosis, but pretreatment (decarbonization and filtration) should be retained. Since the permeate quality does not meet quality requirements, it would be advisable to use mixed bed ion exchange. If reverse osmosis is used, quantity of water that enters the treatment and wastewater would be for about 17.5 and 150% larger, respectively, but content of salt in wastewater would be about 20–30-fold less. Nevertheless, final decision on which technique to apply should be based on further economical considerations.