Introduction: Lithium is a therapeutic agent currently used for the treatment of affective disorders controlling a variety of neurotic and psychosomatic manic depressions. The main objective of the present work was to demonstrate the histopathological effects of the therapeutic doses of Lithium on the renal tubules and glomeruli in growing albino rats. Material and Methods: Thirty growing male Sprague - Dawley albino rats were used in this study. The rats were divided into a control group formed of 6 rats and an experimental group formed of 24 rats which received a daily therapeutic dose of 20 mg Lithium/kg body weight by the same route for 7 weeks. The renal cortex in all animals is examined by light and electron microscopes. Blood was collected from the sacrificed animals for serum creatinine, urea, sodium and potassium to access the effect of lithium administration in a therapeutic dose on renal function. Results: The present work revealed that the therapeutic doses of Lithium induced nephrotoxicity in the form of degeneration and necrosis in the renal tubules and glomeruli. Alteration in the cellular fine structure and degenerated cytoplasm and cytoplasmic organelles were found revealing cellular degeneration and necrosis. Glomerulosclerosis and congestion were the predominant effect on the renal glomeruli. Conclusion: Histological and ultrastructrual features of Lithium nephrotoxicity were detected in the current study with therapeutic doses of Lithium.