Treatment Of Mandibular Fractures Research Articles

Open Reduction Internal Fixation Treatment of Unilateral Condyle Fracture of Mandible: a Case Report

Introduction: Condyle fracture is a fracture of the mandible which is quite common. Treatment of mandibular fractures can be with open reduction or closed reduction. This situation can be obtained by opening the fracture fragments, obtaining a normal relationship and fixing on its position. The goal of surgical treatment of fractures is to return the fracture fragments to their anatomical position. Surgical treatment can be intraoral or extraoral approach. The aim of this case report is to discuss the management of a patient with an unilateral condylar fracture of mandible through open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with an extraoral approach using the risdon technique. Case: We report a case with complaints of pain when opening the mouth and limited mouth opening. Two and a half months prior to admission the patient had an accident but he refused ORIF treatment. One and a half months prior to admission, he complained of pain when opening his mouth and limited mouth opening. He had no infection and was diagnosed with Neglected fracture of left condyle. Case Management: We performed head CT Scan to establish the diagnose. One day before the surgery, an interdental wiring fixation was performed to prepare for ORIF treatment. We performed ORIF with an extraoral approach using risdon technique. During the surgery we performed refracture and fixation using plate and screws. We followed up this patient until five months after the surgery. The result was acceptable and his complaints was resolved. Conclusion: ORIF is the treatment of choice for neglected condylar fractures. Keyword: Unilateral subcondyle fracture, Neglected condylar fractures, Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF), Extra oral approach, Risdon technique

Primary surgery of subcondylar mandibular fracture using patient-specific implant: the Helsinki protocol

PurposePreoperative virtual planning and osteosynthesis with patient-specific implants (PSIs) have become a quotidian approach to many maxillofacial elective surgery setups. When a process is well-organized, a similar approach can be harnessed to serve the needs of exact primary reconstructions, especially in midfacial trauma cases. PSI osteosynthesis of the mandible is, however, more challenging because a mirror technique of the facial sides is often unreliable due to inherent lack of symmetry, and movement of the mandible increases the risk of loosening of the osteosynthesis. The purpose of this study was to present clinical results of the Helsinki protocol concept of utilizing PSIs in the primary surgery of unilateral mandibular subcondylar fractures as the first publication on the subject.MethodsA single-center study of a new Helsinki protocol is presented for surgical treatment of subcondylar mandibular fractures using patient-specific, titanium-milled repositator plates. Ten patients with dislocated subcondylar mandibular fractures received surgery and osteosynthesis with PSI via a retromandibular approach.ResultsClinical and radiological outcomes were excellent; none of the patients had fixation-related major complications or developed postoperative malocclusion.ConclusionsStudy results show that the Helsinki protocol, treating mandibular condylar fractures primarily with PSI plates, is a viable treatment option.

"Comparison of the efficacy of Erich arch bars, IMF screws and SMART Lock Hybrid arch bars in the management of mandibular fractures- A Randomized clinical study".

The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the efficacy of Erich Arch Bar (EAB), Inter Maxillary Fixation (IMF) screws and SMART Lock Hybrid arch bar (HABs) in the treatment of mandibular fractures. A prospective randomized clinical study was carried out in the Department of Dentistry at ESIC Hospital in Hyderabad from August 2021 to August 2023. The study comprised of three groups (EAB group (31), IMF screw group (33) and HABs group (29)).Primary outcome variable was occlusal stability. Secondary outcome variables were time taken to apply the device, glove perforation, oral hygiene assessment by Modified Turskey Gilmore Plaque index, Quality of life (QOL) assessment by General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI), mucosal growth and dental injuries. The average application time for EAB, IMF screws and HABs was 78 min, 15 min and 19 min respectively. No significant difference was noticed in occlusal stability at the end of 1 week and 4 weeks follow-up period. There was no statistically significant difference in instances of dental injury among the three groups. However, there were statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in the time taken to apply, glove perforation, oral hygiene levels, mucosal overgrowth and total GOHAI score among the 3 groups. HABs and IMF screws may be recommended over EABfor MMF inmandibular dentate segment fracture management due to their advantages including quick application, enhanced occlusal stability, and QOL, all of which are required for a better functional outcome.

Treatment of mandibular condyle fractures with a rhombic 3D condylar fracture plate - Does the surgical approach matter?

Fractures involving the mandibular condyle are a significant subset of mandibular fractures, demanding specialized implant design considerations for effective surgical treatment. The core objective of this study was to assess the clinical and radiographic results in patients treated with a single rhombic-shaped implant according to the surgical approach used. This retrospective cohort investigation, spanning a ten-year recruitment window, included individuals with unilateral fractures who underwent surgical treatment with a rhombic-shaped implant. These patients were subject to follow-up examinations at one, three, and six months post-surgery, along with corresponding orthopantomograms and clinical assessments. Patients were allocated into four groups depending on the fracture pattern and level as well as the approach used for fracture treatment. The primary outcome variables under scrutiny encompassed parameters such as occlusion, maximum interincisal distance, mandibular excursion across different postoperative time points, and radiographic measurements of mandibular height and the gonion angle. A total of 236 patients, comprising 161 males and 75 females, with an average age of 40.2±19.2 years, were included in the study. Satisfactory occlusion was exhibited in 99.6% of patients at the six-month follow-up. Furthermore, all parameters associated with mandibular excursion displayed significant enhancements (p<0.01). These improvements were accompanied by a reduction in ramus height and increased gonion angle on the fractured side. The investigation of the clinical and radiographic results suggest a tendency of the choice of the approach depending on the fracture pattern, but no statistically significant recommendations could be identified.

Quality of Life after Open versus Closed Treatment for Mandibular Condylar Fractures

Objective: To compare the quality of life after surgical management with closed reduction and internal fixation (CRIF) versus open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for mandibular condylar fractures. Methodology: This analytical observational study was carried out between January 2024 to June 2024, at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, focusing on patients with mandibular condylar fractures. The study assessed their quality of life using the General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) Questionnaire, with scores ranging from 1 to 3, where 1 denoted "Always," 2 indicated "Sometimes," and 3 represented "Never." Quality of life scores were categorized as high (34-36), medium (31-33), or low (&lt;30) based on the GOHAI results. Results: In this study there were 66.7% neglected patients had high quality of life, 15.4% had moderate, and 27.3% had low GOHAI, (p=0.084). Further, there were only 16.7% patient close reduction management had high quality of life, 5 (38.5%) had moderate, and 545.5% had low GOHAI. According to open reduction management, there were 83.3% patients had high quality of life, 61.5% had moderate, and 45.5% had low GOHAI, (p=0.157). Conclusion: Factors such as age, gender, neglected type, and treatment modality did not significantly affect the post-operative quality of life. However, mandibular fracture patients who underwent surgical treatment with open reduction technique, as assessed by the GOHAI parameter, experienced a high quality of life.

Outcomes and Craniometric Analyses of the Champy Technique in the Treatment of Mandibular Angle Fractures: A Retrospective Study.

The aim of this study is to examine the outcomes of superiorly placed monocortical single miniplate fixation in the treatment of mandibular angle fractures and evaluate treatment efficacy through craniometric measurements. Postoperative craniometrics were compared with both the preoperative measurements and the control group. Thirty-four patients were included with a mean follow-up of 3.1 years. Complications were observed in 6 patients, with 4 treated surgically and 2 managed nonoperatively. In the craniometric analyses, there was no significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative measurements of the gonial angle and condyle-midsagittal plane distance on both the fracture side and the contralateral side. The only significant difference was found in comparison of the degree of the mentum deviation (P=0.001). Postoperative mandibular morphometry was comparable to that of the control group. Single miniplate fixation corrects mentum deviation without resulting in any changes in condyle position and can achieve healthy mandibular morphometry.

IMPLEMENTATION OF AN OCCLUSAL WAFER IN SEVERE MANDIBULAR FRACTURE CASES WITH POST-ORIF MALOCCLUSION: A CASE SERIES

Highlights: This study shows that occlusal wafers can effectively correct malocclusion in patients with segmental mandibular fractures after ORIF plating. Occlusal wafers help reshape the dental arch within 2 to 4 weeks, reduce surgery time, and simplify follow-up care, making them a valuable option for surgeons. Abstract: Introduction: Improper treatment of severe mandibular fractures can lead to malocclusion, which poses a significant challenge for reconstructive surgeons. The occlusal wafer provides an effective solution for managing malocclusion following ORIF plating of maxillofacial fractures during the one-month postoperative evaluation period. Made from acrylic resin, the occlusal wafer serves as an intermediate guide in orthognathic surgery. It helps reposition the maxilla, adjust the mandible, and modify the jawbones to achieve ideal occlusion. The device can reshape the dental arch to any pre-planned position within 2 to 4 weeks. Case Illustration: We present two cases of patients with segmental fractures.Case 1: A 26-year-old male also had segmental fractures of the left angle and right body of the mandible. He achieved occlusion after ORIF plating; however, malocclusion developed during the three-week follow-up. Case 2: A 28-year-old female presented with segmental fractures of the left angle and right body of the mandible. She initially achieved occlusion after ORIF plating, but malocclusion was noted during the one-month follow-up. Discussion: Both of these patients had segmental fractures and experienced malocclusion following ORIF plating, but occlusion was achieved after occlusal wafer installation. Conclusion: The use of an occlusal wafer facilitates optimal occlusion, streamlines the surgical procedure by reducing operating time, and enhances the ease of postoperative monitoring. This approach proves particularly valuable in cases where ORIF plating has been performed yet ideal occlusal alignment remains unachieved.

Comparative Assessment of Double Y-Shaped Versus Conventional Miniplates in Fixation of Mandibular Fractures

ABSTRACT Aims: The study aims to enhance the patient’s quality of life by assessing and contrasting the effectiveness of traditional miniplates and double Y-shaped titanium plates in the treatment of mandibular anterior fractures. Method: Ten patients with anterior mandibular fractures participated in the study and were randomly divided into two groups (Group A and Group B). The arch bar was inserted once the patient was prepared, and IMF was performed as necessary. An intraoral vestibular incision was made to expose and reduce the fracture site, leaving a 5 mm gingival cuff in place. Group A received fixation using 2 mm double Y-shaped titanium plates and 2 * 8 mm titanium screws, while Group B received fixation using two conventional miniplates and 2 * 8 mm titanium screws. Metrogyl wash was administered, and closure was achieved using 3.0 Vicryl, ensuring sufficient hemostasis. After 48 hours, Dynaplast was used to stabilize the fixation, and IMF was released. Result: Clinical and radiographic parameters like pain scale, neurosensory dysfunction, wound problems, fracture line width, teeth related to fracture line, and healing progression were assessed at immediate postop, 3 months, and 6 months intervals. Pain was reduced similarly till 3 months where Group A did not report pain at 6 months showing significant differences. On assessing neurosensory disturbance, Group A showed superior difference (p 0.03*). Wound healing, stability of fractured segments, fracture reduction, teeth related to fracture line, and healing improvement were adequate in both groups. Conclusion: Our study concluded that the use of double Y-shaped titanium plate provides a promising and alternative technique over conventional in the management of anterior mandibular fractures.

Three-dimensional V-shaped plate versus two conventional miniplates for treatment of mandibular angle fracture (Randomized controlled clinical trial)

Three-dimensional V-shaped plate versus two conventional miniplates for treatment of mandibular angle fracture (Randomized controlled clinical trial)

Evaluation of Bone Supported Ultra Lock Ezy Bar versus Erich Arch Bar for the Treatment of Mandibular Fractures

ABSTRACT Introduction: Maxillofacial trauma treatment involves maxillomandibular fixation. Despite reduced need for post-operative MMF with plating devices, temporary intraoperative MMF is still necessary for proper tooth positioning. The aim of this research is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness, impact on patient gingival health, glove perforation, and time required for utilizing the Ultra Lock Ezy Bar compared to Erich’s Arch Bar. Methods: Ten patients with mandibular fractures were randomly split into two groups for treatment: Group A (study) and Group B (control). Group A received treatment with an Ultra Lock Ezy Bar and screws, while Group B received treatment using an Erich’s Arch Bar and wires. Follow-ups were done for suture removal, wound healing, and evaluations on gingival index, glove perforations, and treatment times. Results: In application time, group A had mean of 44.00 ± 3.391 and group B had 90 ± 9.354, with no significant difference. Neither group showed significant mean differences in removal time. Group B had statistically significant glove perforation (4.80 ± 0.837) compared to 0 in group A. Pre-operative gingival index comparison showed significance. After four weeks, group B’s mean index was 1.720 ± 0.2387 and group A’s was 1.120 ± 0.2049 with no statistical distinctions. Conclusion: To sum up, the randomized control experiment produced convincing results when comparing Erich’s Arch Bar with Ultra Lock Ezy Bar for mandibular fixation in ten patients. With notably quicker application and removal times, no glove perforations, and comparable gingival health immediately following surgery, Ultra Lock Ezy Bar showed clear benefits.

Clinical efficacy of three plating systems in management of mandibular parasymphyseal fractures: a retrospective study

BackgroundThe main goal of management of the mandibular fracture is to obtain the pre-injury contour of the bone and pre-injury occlusion as well as regain function early. For Parasymphyseal fractures, the ideal fixation method is still debatable. It could range from rigid to semi-rigid fixation. The current study aimed to compare the clinical and radiographic effect of two miniplates, 2.3 high-profile Miniplates, and three-dimensional (3D) Miniplates for internal fixation treatment of mandibular para-symphyseal fractures.MethodsThe study reviewed 240 medical records, dividing 60 patients into three treatment groups: Group I (25 patients received 2.0 mini plates), Group II (22 patients received 2.3 high profile miniplate), and Group III (13 patients received 3D miniplate). Data included demographics, fracture diagnosis, radiographs, maxillomandibular fixation use, surgical time, intervention, postoperative stability, and complications.ResultsThe present study included 60 patients with mandibular parasymphyseal fractures, divided into three treatment groups: Group I (n = 25, 41.67%), Group II (n = 22, 36.67%), and Group III (n = 13, 21.67%). The study found no significant differences in age and sex distribution among the three groups, but the mean surgery time varied significantly. Group II had the highest rate of complications at 22.73%, followed by Group I at 20% and Group III at 7.69%.ConclusionIn conclusion, the (3D) Miniplates could provide better internal fixation treatment of mandibular para-symphyseal fractures in terms of easy use, short surgery time and less complication such as malocclusion and infection.

Comparison of Pediatric and Adult Mandibular Fractures: Identifying Differences in Presentation and Management Using a National Trauma Database.

Facial fractures in children are less common than in adults but can lead to significant long-term complications, including growth abnormalities and functional issues. Mandibular fractures are the most common facial fractures in both age groups, yet there is no consensus on optimal management strategies. This study investigates the epidemiology, presentation, treatment, and outcomes of mandibular fractures in pediatric versus adult populations. The authors conducted a retrospective, population-based study using 2016 to 2019 data from the National Trauma Data Bank. Patients with mandibular fractures were categorized into pediatric (below 18y) and adult (18y or above) groups. The authors analyzed demographics, fracture mechanism, treatment modality, hospital outcome, and complication data. Of the 42,866 patients with operative mandibular fractures, 3968 were pediatric (mean age: 13.3y), and 38,898 were adult (mean age: 36.2y). The primary fracture etiology for both groups was being struck, followed by motor vehicle incidents and falls. Pediatric patients were more frequently treated at level I trauma centers, had shorter times for surgical intervention, and were more frequently transferred to other facilities compared to adults. Antibiotic use was similar between groups, and hospital complications were infrequent, with low rates of infection and unplanned return to the operating room. Mandibular fractures in children, though less common than in adults, exhibit unique epidemiological and management characteristics. Children were more frequently transferred for care and received surgical intervention sooner than adults. Antibiotic use and complication rates were low and similar across both groups. Further research is needed to establish specific treatment guidelines for pediatric mandibular fractures.

Direct Interdental Wiring as Alternative Method in the Treatment of Mandibular Fracture at Inaccessible War Zone: A Case Report

The Region of Tombouctou is considered as one of landlocked regions in Mali, unstable war zone. The frequency of mandibular fracture becomes more than usual in the last years with lack of oral and maxillofacial team; limited complementary exams; and limited surgical tools. In purpose to reduce; to fix fracture line; and to restore function of maxillofacial areas, we decided to practice direct interdental wiring as alternative method for the treatment of limited displacement of mandibular fractures. Direct interdental wiring in Intermaxillary fixation for closed reduction in the mandibular fracture is rarely used today.

Comparative Evaluation of Conventional (Static) Versus Dynamic Elastic Therapy for Closed Treatment of Unilateral Mandibular Sub-Condylar Fractures: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Comparative Evaluation of Conventional (Static) Versus Dynamic Elastic Therapy for Closed Treatment of Unilateral Mandibular Sub-Condylar Fractures: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Use of porous adhesive cement for fixation of fragments in fractures of the lower jaw

BACKGROUND:The preferred method of treating mandibular fractures is surgical, but it also has problems due to a number of complications associated with the presence of a metal structure in the surgical wound. AIM:To improve the efficiency of surgical treatment for mandibular fractures by developing and experimentally testing amethod for fixing mandibular fragments using porous adhesive cement. MATERIAL AND METHODS:The experiments were performed on 30male Agouti guinea pigs, which were divided into two groups: the main group— 20animals, the comparison group— 10guinea pigs. A mandible fracture was modeled in all animals. In the main group, the fragments were fixed with porous glue-cement “Rekost”, in the comparison group— with abone wire suture. All animals received prophylactic antibacterial therapy. All manipulations were performed under combined anesthesia. The statistical significance of the differences in the compared groups was assessed using Fisher's criterion. For all comparisons, the selected level of statistical significance was 5% (p≤0.05). RESULTS:The use of the method developed by us for fixation of bone fragments in mandible fractures allowed us to achieve a positive result in all 20laboratory animals included in the study. This was confirmed by the results of histological studies in the dynamics of observation: a reliable difference was established between the main group and the comparison group in the severity of inflammation signs on the 14th day, as well as the severity of regeneration signs. It was found that the use of porous glue-cement for fixation of mandible fragments, in contrast to bone wire suture, allows for reliable consolidation of bone fragments for the entire period of treatment (according to X-ray diagnostic data) and to stop by the 14th day (according to histological studies) signs of inflammation in the bone wound (no leukocyte infiltration and vascular congestion). In this case, the glue allows filling the fusion area with developing bone tissue by the 90th day of observation (according to histological studies) and excluding repeated surgical intervention to remove the fixing structure, since the porous adhesive cement, according to histological studies, was absorbed by the 90th day of observation, which indicates its biodegradable properties. CONCLUSION:The use of porous adhesive cement for fixation of mandibular fragments demonstrated better properties compared to bone wire suture.

Maxillomandibular Fixation Verses Open Reduction and Internal Fixation in Mandibular Fractures-Effect on Pulmonary Functions.

Mandibular fractures have significant influence on oropharyngeal and laryngopharyngeal portions of the upper airway. They can be managed by MMF or ORIF. To quantify and compare the effects of MMF with ORIF on the pulmonary functions of the patients undergoing treatment for mandibular fractures. Total 42 patients with isolated mandibular fractures were randomly divided into two treatment groups. Group A comprised of 21 patients planned for ORIF under LA and Group B comprised of 21 patients planned for MMF under LA. Pulmonary function tests (PFT) were done in all participants preoperatively 24h before, postoperatively after 24h, 1week, 4weeks and 6weeks using spirometry. FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and PEFR were determined and compared. PFT values in both the groups were comparable preoperatively 24h before and were significantly lower than their predicted values showing adverse effect of mandibular fractures on airways. Postoperatively after 24h, 1week and fourweeks, PFT values were significantly lower in group B (MMF) than in group A (ORIF). At sixweeks postoperatively, when MMF was removed, there was no statistically significant difference in PFT values of both the groups. Mandibular fracture patients presented with abnormal PFT values. Patients treated by MMF had obstructive pulmonary pattern, while those treated by ORIF had normal pulmonary pattern concluding that MMF can be dangerous to the patients with limited respiratory reserve and the use of ORIF in pulmonary comorbidity is justified. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12663-024-02327-w.

Digital technology revolutionizing mandibular fracture treatment: a comparative analysis of patient-specific plates and conventional titanium plates.

The treatment of fractures prioritizes the restoration of functionality through the realignment of fractured segments. Conventional methods, such as titanium plates, have been employed for this purpose; however, certain limitations have been observed, leading to the development of patient-specific plates. Furthermore, recent advancements in digital technology in dentistry enable the creation of virtual models and simulations of surgical procedures. The aim was to assess the clinical effectiveness of patient-specific plates utilizing digital technology in treating mandibular fractures compared to conventional titanium plates. Twenty patients diagnosed with mandibular fractures were included and randomly assigned to either the study or control groups. The surgical procedure comprised reduction and internal fixation utilizing patient-specific plates generated through virtual surgery planning with digital models for the study group, while the control group underwent the same procedure with conventional titanium plates. Assessment criteria included the presence of malunion, infection, sensory disturbance, subjective occlusal disturbance and occlusal force in functional maximum intercuspation (MICP). Statistical analysis involved using the Chi-square test and one-way repeated measures analysis of variance. All parameters showed no statistically significant differences between the study and control groups, except for the enhancement in occlusal force in functional MICP, where a statistically significant difference was observed (p = 0.000). Using patient-specific plates using digital technology has demonstrated clinical effectiveness in treating mandibular fractures, offering advantages of time efficiency and benefits for less experienced surgeons. Patient-specific plates combined with digital technology can be clinically effective in mandibular fracture treatment.

OSTEOINDUCTIVE CAPACITY OF PLATELET-RICH FIBRIN VS BIODENTINE FOR MANDIBLE FRACTURE

Highlights Biodentine has undergone thorough research as a bone grafting substance due to its ability to promote bone regeneration and effectively treat root or tooth fractures. PRF and Biodentine can stimulate osteogenesis, affecting bone repair, particularly in mandibular fractures. Abstract Background: Mandibular fracture is one of the most common fractures. The most common treatment for mandibular fractures is fixation. Therefore, xenogeneic agents such as platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and Biodentine accelerate the reparative process. Biodentine is an interesting active ingredient that can induce bone regeneration. PRF and Biodentine can promote bone healing, but no literature discusses the differences between PRF and Biodentine osteoinduction mechanisms in treating mandibular fractures. Objective: This article aimed to compare the effect of osteoinductive PRF with Biodentine for mandibular fractures. Material and Method: The research was conducted as a scoping review by performing a thorough search of the PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Elsevier, and Google Scholar databases. The study was obtained based on literature studies in the form of journals and textbooks in the last ten years (2013-2023). Result: The osteoinductive effect and mechanism of Biodentine in enhancing bone repair are likely correlated with releasing biologically active ions from calcium silicate cement and stimulating gene expression Runx-2. PRF has an osteoinductive role, causing the mechanism of releasing growth factors such as PDGF, VEGF, TGF-β, and IGF that promote the osteogenic process. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the osteoinduction effect of PRF and Biodentine because these materials have different mechanisms of action for bone repair.

Clinical results of two different three-dimensional plate types for the treatment of mandibular angle fractures: a retrospective analysis.

The purpose of this study was to compare two different designs of three-dimensional osteosynthesis plates for their suitability in the treatment of mandibular angle fractures in terms of sufficient fracture healing and concomitant complications. Retrospectively a total of 54 patients with 56 mandibular angle fractures were evaluated. Two different types of three-dimensional plates from the Medartis Trilock system were analyzed: (A) Square design plate (☐-plate) with a thickness of 1.0mm, and (B) triangular-shaped 3D-plate (△-plate) with a thickness of 1.3mm. Patient demographics, fracture mechanism and intraoperative details were recorded during an average follow-up period of 1 year. The utilization of △-plates was observed to entail a considerably lengthier surgical time in contrast to ☐-plate systems (P = 0.037). The application of △-plate showed a tendency of higher incidence of major complications than ☐-plate (P = 0.06), as evidenced by the occurrence of non-union in 2 out of 22 cases, resulting in higher surgical revision rate for △-plate (P = 0.027). Sufficient treatment of mandibular angle fractures is feasible by using 1.0mm thick, square shaped three-dimensional plate systems. The use of thicker three-dimensional osteosynthesis plates seems to significantly increase the operating time and complication rates, whereby the geometry of the plate seems to have an influence. The plate design could have an impact on treatment outcomes of mandibular angle fractures. Not applicable.

Influence of Method of Treatment of Mandibular Condylar Fractures on Range of Articular Path Measured by Cadiax Device.

Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the function of the treated temporomandibular joint based on the analysis of the image of the articular path using the Cadiax device depending on the choice of treatment method for unilateral condylar fracture of the mandible. Methods: Sixty patients who were treated for condylar fractures of the mandible at the Maxil-lofacial Surgery Department in Katowice were qualified for the analysis of the range of movements of the mandibular heads using the Cadiax device. From the group of patients who suffered fractures of the mandible, including condylar processes, patients were finally qualified for the measurement of the articular path of the injured and healthy joint according to strict criteria. Results: The condylar examination was performed in 20 patients who had conservative condylar fracture treatment and 40 patients who underwent various surgeries in the course of a single condylar fracture. The control group consisted of 20 patients whose mean values for the articular pathway measured for both sides were 12.73 and 12.69 and fell within the standard developed for healthy joints tested with the Cadiax device. Conclusions: We have achieved an almost ideal treatment for condylar fractures. We are also beginning to notice the need for rehabilitation of patients after this type of surgery.