Efficacy Of Group Intervention Research Articles

Clinical Efficacy of Pentoxifylline Combined with Thioctic Acid in the Treatment of Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

Objective: To observe the efficacy of pentoxifylline + thioctic acid in the treatment of patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDPN). Methods: 70 patients with PDPN admitted from October 2019 to October 2022 were selected and randomly grouped, with pentoxifylline + thioctic acid treatment in Group A and thioctic acid treatment in Group B, and the treatment efficacy was compared. Results: The treatment efficacy in Group A was higher than that of Group B, P < 0.05; the points of each symptom of PDPN in Group A were lower than that of Group B, P < 0.05; the C-reactive protein and electromyography indexes of PDPN patients in Group A were better than that of Group B, P < 0.05. Conclusion: PDPN patients treated with pentoxifylline + thioctic acid can optimize nerve function, inhibit inflammation progression, and reduce PDPN symptoms, which is an efficient and feasible treatment option.

Clinical Effect of Modified Shengyang Yiwei Decoction in the Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome due to Spleen and Stomach Weakness

Objective: To explore the therapeutic effect of Shengyang Yiwei Decoction in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) due to spleen and stomach weakness. Methods: 40 patients with diarrhea-predominant IBS who were treated from April 2018 to April 2020 were taken as samples. TCM (traditional Chinese medicine) syndrome differentiation found that they were all due to spleen and stomach weakness. They were randomly divided into two groups. Group A was treated with modified prescriptions of Shengyang Yiwei Decoction, while Group B was treated with Western medicine. The therapeutic effects in the two groups were compared. Results: The treatment efficacy in Group A was higher than that in Group B (P < 0.05); the symptom scores of Group A such as loose stools, chills, physical weakness, poor appetite, and abdominal distension after meals were all lower than those in Group B (P< 0.05); the SF-36 (36-Item Short Form Health Survey) scores of patients with diarrhea-predominant IBS in Group A were higher than those in Group B (P < 0.05); the treatment satisfaction of Group A was higher than that of Group B (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Treatment of diarrhea-predominant IBS patients with spleen and stomach weakness by Shengyang Yiwei Decoction can promote the disappearance of gastrointestinal discomfort symptoms, improve the quality of life, and enhance treatment efficacy. Hence, it is an efficient and feasible treatment for diarrhea-predominant IBS due to spleen and stomach weakness.

Evaluation of Platelet-Rich Plasma Combined with Minimally Invasive Arthroscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Degenerative Knee Joints

Objective: To evaluate the effect of platelet-rich plasma and arthroscopic minimally invasive surgery treatment in patients with degenerative knee joint lesions. Methods: From July 2015 to July 2022, 80 patients with degenerative knee joint lesions were selected and randomly divided into two groups. Group A received platelet-rich plasma and minimally invasive arthroscopic surgery treatment while group B received only minimally invasive arthroscopic surgery treatment. The treatment efficacy, visual analog scores (VAS), knee osteoarthritis severity index (ISOA), knee function scores (KSS), and Lysholm knee scores were compared. Results: The treatment efficacy in group A was higher than that in group B (P < 0.05); at 3 and 6 months after surgery, the VAS and ISOA scores of group A were lower than those of group B (P < 0.05), while the KSS and Lysholm scores of group A were higher than those of group B (P < 0.05); the treatment satisfaction in group A was higher than that in group B (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Patients with knee joint degeneration receiving platelet-rich plasma and minimally invasive arthroscopic surgery treatment can restore knee joint function and reduce local pain,which is efficient and feasible for clinical application.

Better Disease Control by Multidrug Regimen in Scabies: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Introduction: Scabies is a highly resilient condition with varying morbidity worldwide. The treatment options widely used for the disease include topical permethrin 5% and oral Ivermectin with similar efficacy. Treatment failure due to non-compliance is a major problem with the current treatment modalities. Objectives: This study was designed to compare the efficacy of combination to the gold standard treatment regimen of scabies. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was done with 212 patients, divided randomly into two groups Group 1 and Group 2. Group 1 were treated with two-time application of 5% permethrin one week apart while Group 2 were treated with a combination of 5% permethrin and oral ivermectin (200μg/kg) on a single day. Patients were followed up every week for 4 weeks to assess the efficacy and adverse events. Results: The treatment efficacy in group 2 was more compared to group 1 after 2 weeks of follow up (72.6% vs 65.1% after 1 week; 89.6% vs 80.2% after 2 week) however it was not statistically significant. After 4 weeks of follow up, the treatment efficacy in both the groups was similar. The reduction in intensity of itching was almost similar in both the groups at every follow up. Conclusion: The combination of 5% topical permethrin and oral ivermectin showed earlier resolution of clinical symptoms compared to 5% topical permethrin alone repeated in 1 week. The reduction in intensity of itch was similar in both the groups.

Effects of Surgical Treatment Guided by the Three-Column Classification Method on Knee Joint Function and Postoperative Complications in Patients with Tibial Plateau Fractures.

Many patients with tibial plateau fractures present with various degrees of soft tissue contusion and severely damaged articular surface, ligament, and vascular nerves, and thus how to treat this kind of patient has become one of the great difficulties in clinical practice. Therefore, we aim to investigate the effects of surgical treatment guided by the three-column classification method on knee joint function and postoperative complications in patients with tibial plateau fractures. A total of 120 patients with three-column tibial plateau fractures admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to January 2019 were selected and divided into group A (n = 60) and group B (n = 60). Among them, the group A patients were treated with an anterior lateral approach in floating positions combined with reduction plate internal fixation with an L-shaped approach in the posteromedial joint, while the patients in group B received reduction plate internal fixation with a knee midline incision in supine positions. After that, the perioperative indexes, knee function scores, the MOS item short-from health survey (SF-36) scores, complication rate (CR), and overall treatment efficacy of the patients were compared between the two groups. The perioperative indexes in group A were significantly better than those in group B (P < 0.001); the knee function scores and SF-36 scores in group A were significantly higher than those in group B (P < 0.001); the CR in group A was significantly lower than that in group B (P < 0.001); the treatment efficacy in group A was significantly better than that in group B (P < 0.05). The three-column classification method, with highly instructive significance in tibial plateau fracture surgery, can improve treatment efficacy and reduce the incidence of complications, which is worthy of application and promotion in clinical practice.

Clinical effect of lever positioning manipulation for lumbar disc herniation and its influence on Cobb angle

To observe the clinical effect of lever positioning manipulation for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation and its effect on Cobb angle. From December 2017 to November 2018, 67 patients with lumbar disc herniation were included in the study. The patients were randomly divided into treatment group and control group by digital table method. There were 34 cases in the treatment group, including 20 males and 14 females, with an average age of (36.09±8.26) years old and a course of (13.79±15.50) months. Treatment group was treated with lever positioning manipulation. There were 33 cases in the control group, including 18 males and 15 females, with an average age of(36.48±7.81) years old and a course of (12.82±15.68) months. Control group was treated with lumbar slanting manipulation. Two groups were treated 3 times a week, once every other day, 6 times for a course of treatment, after 2 courses of treatment, the changes of Cobb angle before and after treatment were compared between two groups by imaging. The symptoms and signs were scored with reference to clinical evaluation standard;overall efficacy was evaluated with reference to "Diagnostic Efficacy Criteria of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome" issued by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for lumbar disc herniation. One patient in each group dropped out. The symptom and sign scores of treatment group and control group before treatment were 18.56± 4.81, 18.61±3.72, while after treatment were 9.41±5.19, 13.55±3.68;treatment group was significantly lower than control group after treatment (P<0.05). The rate of overall efficacy of treatment group and control group were 97.06% and 75.76%, respectively, and treatment group was superiorto control group(P<0.05). Post treatment Cobb angle of both groups of patients became smaller(P<0.05). The Cobb angle of treatment group and control group were(17.95±4.45)°, (18.14±3.59)° before treatment, while after treatment were (18.14±3.59)°, (15.49±1.75)°, change of Cobb angle in treatment group was better than in controlgroup(P<0.05). Both the lever positioning manipulation and the lumbar slanting manipulation methods are effective for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation, but clinical effect of lever positioning method on lumbar disc herniation is more significant, and the effect on Cobb angle is more obvious. It is worthy of promotion.

Особенности профилактики и лечения неосложненных инфекций нижних мочевыводящих путей у беременных

Aim: to assess the efficacy of biologically active additive Cystenium II as a component of combined antimicrobial treatment of acute cystitis or exacerbation of chronic cystitis and asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) in pregnant women. Patients and Methods: 65 pregnant women with urinary tract infections were enrolled. Group 1 included 22 women with acute cystitis or exacerbation of chronic cystitis and group 2 included 20 women with ASB. These women received standard antimicrobial therapy (fosfomycin trometamol 3 g) and Cystenium II (1 tablet twice daily with food for 14 days). The control group included 23 women with acute cystitis or exacerbation of chronic cystitis or ASB who received standard antimicrobial therapy only. Treatment results were evaluated after 14 days and 2 months. Results: complete resolution of cystitis occurred on days 2 and 3 in group 1 and days 4 and 5 in group 2. Eradication of causative agent as demonstrated by inoculation of urine samples after 14 days was reported in 77.3% of women in group 1, 70% of women in group 2, and 61% of women in group 3. Total treatment efficacy in group 1 was 81.9%, i.e., exacerbations of chronic cystitis were diagnosed in 3 women (13.6%), acute pyelonephritis in 1 woman (4.5%). Total treatment efficacy in group 2 was 90%, i.e., recurrence of ASB was diagnosed in 2 women (10%). Meanwhile, treatment efficacy in the control group was 56.5%, i.e., clinical exacerbation of chronic cystitis was diagnosed in 6 women (26%). Moreover, in 4 women (17.4%), the disease was complicated by acute pyelonephritis. Conclusions: Cystenium II for acute cystitis or exacerbation of chronic cystitis and ASB in pregnant women improves treatment success and also maintains the effect. KEYWORDS: cystitis, asymptomatic bacteriuria, pregnancy, treatment, cranberry, prevention of recurrences. FOR CITATION: Nashivochnikova N.A., Krupin V.N., Leanovich V.E. Prevention and treatment of non-complicated infections of the lower urinary tract in pregnant women. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2021;4(2):119–123. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430- 2021-4-2-119-123.

Clinical observation of the anti-reflux treatment for the chronic pharyngitis patients with the reflux finding score from 8 to 10

Objective:To evaluate the anti-reflux treatment efficacy for the chronic pharyngitis patients with the reflux finding score（RFS） from 8-10. Method:One hundred and twelve patients with clinical diagnosis of chronic pharyngitis and RFS score of 8-10 were randomly divided into control and treatment groups. The treantment group was given the proton pump inhibitors, gastrointestinal motility drugs and the traditional Chinese patent drugs（treatment group）. The control group was given only the traditional Chinese patent drugs（control group）. Result:The visual analogue scale（VAS） of the patients in treatment group declined significantly after treatment. The efficacy of treatment group was significantly higher than that of control group（77.36% vs 30.61%, P<0.01）. Conclusion:For the patients with chronic pharyngitis with RFS 8-10, anti-reflux treatment should be used together with traditional Chinese patent drugs.

Efficacy of group intervention on tobacco cessation among male employees in health-care setting: A randomized controlled trial

BackgroundThe tobacco epidemic is one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced. World Health Organization has estimated that tobacco use (smoking and smokeless) is currently responsible for the death of about 7 million people across the world each year. The objective of the study was not only to find the effect of group intervention on tobacco cessation but also to describe certain epidemiological factors associated with tobacco cessation and make suitable recommendations to tackle this epidemic. MethodsA randomized controlled trial was carried out among male employees who were tobacco users in health-care setting in Western Maharashtra. In the study, 60 subjects each in intervention and control arm were taken. Pretested validated questionnaires were used for the study. The intervention comprised of two sessions delivered 5 weeks apart. Control arm received self-help material (Booklet) immediately after baseline data collection. The outcomes were measured using structured interview schedule. The data were analyzed using SPSS, version 20. ResultsOverall, 13.3% of the study subjects had quit tobacco use post intervention. In the intervention group 21.7% of the participants had quit tobacco since past one month and 5% in the control group (relative risk (RR) = 4.33). Low to moderate nicotine dependence (p = 0.023, RR = 6.46) and stage of contemplation (p = 0.018) were found to be important predictors of abstinence. ConclusionCommunity-based group intervention for tobacco cessation is the way forward to tackle the tobacco epidemic.

A HYPNOSIS-BASED GROUP INTERVENTION TO IMPROVE QUALITY OF LIFE IN CHILDREN WITH CANCER AND THEIR PARENTS

Many children with cancer and their parents suffer from distress, fatigue, and relational difficulties. Hypnosis is often used to decrease children’s procedure-related pain and distress in pediatric oncology and to improve the well-being of adults with cancer. This article describes a pilot study assessing the acceptability and feasibility of a group intervention combining self-care and hypnosis for children with cancer and their parents, and a quasi-experimental protocol aimed at assessing the efficacy of this intervention to improve quality of life, distress, fatigue, and coping. The pilot study showed that the intervention was feasible and perceived positively. Future research is needed to test the efficacy of group interventions combining self-care and hypnosis to improve quality of life for children with cancer and their families.

Effects of group intervention in patients with chronic hepatitis B

Objective To explore the efficacy of group intervention on the medication compliance, the degree of family care, negative emotion in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Methods From July to August 2016, a total of 80 patients with chronic hepatitis B who volunteered to take part in this research were selected and divided into two groups by random table method, with 40 cases in each group. The experimental group received group intervention, while the control group were given routine intervention. The medication compliance, the degree of family care and the negative emotion of the two groups were compared before and after intervention. Results After 6 months' intervention, the medication compliance of the experimental group was (0.67±0.85) , and that of the control group was (1.20±1.34) . The difference was statistically significant (t=2.097, P<0.05) . Patients with good family function in the experimental group increased from 65.00% to 87.50%. The scores of SAS and SDS were (42.92±9.04) and (45.91±8.89) , which were both lower than those of the control group, with statistical significance (t=2.231, 2.226; P<0.05) . Conclusions Group intervention could help increase medication compliance and family care degree, at the same time decrease negative emotion in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Key words: Hepatitis B, chronic; Medication adherence; Family care; Negative emotion

Healthy ageing at work- Efficacy of group interventions on the mental health of nurses aged 45 and older: Results of a randomised, controlled trial.

ObjectiveThis multicentre, randomised controlled trial (RCT) aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a small-group intervention promoting successful ageing at work in older nurses (aged ≥45).MethodA sample of 115 nurses aged ≥45 from 4 trial sites in Germany were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (IG), that received a small-group intervention of seven weekly sessions of 120 min with a booster session after six weeks or to a wait-list control condition (WLC). Outcomes were measured via validated self-report questionnaires at baseline (T1) and at post-treatment (T2).Primary outcomes were mental health-related well-being and mental health-related quality of life (QOL). The secondary outcomes included mental health-related and work-related measures.ResultsThe intention to treat (ITT) analysis showed significant positive effects of the intervention on mental health. A significant small effect (d = 0.3) in favour of the IG was found for psychological health-related quality of life. Positive small effects (d = 0.24 to d = 0.31) were also found for work related mental strain.ConclusionsOur small-group intervention based on a theory of successful ageing for nurses aged ≥45 was found to be effective with regard to improvements of psychological health related quality of life and other mental health-related outcomes. Thus, our study shows that the ageing workforce can be reached through specifically designed preventive interventions. The components of our intervention could be easily adapted to the belongings of other professions. Our results suggest that these components should be evaluated in various settings outside the healthcare sector.

Effect of Gastrodia elata-notoginseng decoction on blood pressure variability and inflammatory factors in old hypertensive patients with yin-deficiency and yang-hyperactivity syndrome

Objective: This research was aimed to explore the decoction ability of Gastrodia elata-notoginseng of blood pressure variability and inflammatory factors in old hypertensive patients with yin-deficiency and yang-hyperactivity syndrome. Methods: Totally 80 hypertensive patients with yin-deficiency and yang-hyperactivity syndrome were randomly divided into control group (40 cases) and treatment group (40 cases). Two groups received Lamlodipine 2.5 mg q.d., one tablet daily), and the treatment group additionally received Gastrodia elatanotoginseng decoction. Both groups were continuously treated for 12 weeks. Results: The treatment efficacy in treatment group (85.0%) was higher than control group (62.5%) and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). After treatment, various parameters of treatment group were significantly lower (P<0.01 or P<0.05) than that of control group, including 24 h systolic pressure standard deviation (24 h SSD), 24 h diastolic pressure standard deviation (24 h DSD), diurnal systolic pressure Standard Deviation (dSSD), nocturnal systolic pressure standard deviation (nSSD), 24 h mean systolic blood pressure (24 h SBP), serum resistin level, C-reactive protein (CRP) level and adiponectin level. Conclusions: Compared with Western medicine therapy only, Gastrodia elata-notoginseng decoction can further decrease blood pressure.

Acupuncture combined with herb decoction for intractable hiccup

ObjectiveTo observe the efficacy of scalp acupuncture combined with oral administration of Ènì Tāng (▪, Hiccup Decoction) for treatment of intractable hiccup. MethodsOne hundred patients with intractable hiccup were divided into treatment group (acupuncture combined with herb decoction group) and control group (western medicine group) according to the random number table method with 50 patients in each group. In treatment group, scalp acupuncture was conducted in the gastric area and thoracic area of patients, and Hiccup Decoction was taken orally. In control group, anisodamine (654–2) was injected intramuscularly in the dosage of 10 mg. The treatment was conducted for once a day in each group, and treatment for three consecutive times was needed. The number of times and the frequency of hiccup were observed after each treatment, and the results were compared. The standard of therapeutic effectiveness was evaluated by the number of hiccups decreased. ResultsIn treatment group, the total cure rate was 54%, and the total effective rate was 84%, in control group, the total cure rate was 32%, and the total effective rate was 66%. According to the comparison between the two groups in the cure rate and total effective rate, the differences were statistically significant (both P<0.05). After the first treatment, there was no statistical difference according to the comparison between the two groups in the cure rate and total effective rate (both P>0.05), after the second treatment, the differences were statistically significant according to the comparison between the two groups in the cure rate and total effective rate (both P<0.05), and the efficacy in treatment group was obviously superior to that in control group, after the third treatment, there was no statistical difference according to the comparison between the two groups in the cure rate and total effective rate (both P>0.05). ConclusionIn the one course of treatment, the efficacy of acupuncture combined with herb decoction for treatment of intractable hiccup was obviously superior to that of intramuscular injection with anisodamine. The therapeutic effect of intramuscular injection with anisodamine for treatment of intractable hiccup was the best at the first treatment, and the therapeutic effect of acupuncture combined with herb decoction was the best at the second treatment.

Training adults with acquired brain injury how to help-seek when wayfinding: an understudied critical life skill

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a group treatment protocol called NICE (Noticing you have a problem, Identifying the information you need for help, Compensatory strategies, Evaluating progress) to train help-seeking when wayfinding for individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI). Seven participants completed the NICE group treatment in an outpatient rehabilitation department at a university medical centre. A single subject multiple baseline design was employed to evaluate the efficacy of the NICE group treatment. The Social Behaviour Rating Scale and the Executive Function Route-Finding Task- Revised were repeated measures used to evaluate potential changes in help-seeking and wayfinding. Secondary outcome measures included pre- and post-treatment evaluation of social problem solving and social cognition. Results revealed that all participants improved on measures of help-seeking and wayfinding. Patterns of improvement and implications for rehabilitation are discussed. This is the first experimental study to evaluate the treatment of help-seeking behaviours and discuss its application to wayfinding in adults with ABI. Preliminary evidence supports further investigation of the NICE group treatment protocol.

Psychological approach in headache patients with pain medication misuse in an outpatient center for drug treatment in Barcelona

IntroductionPain medication misuse is commonly found in patients under headache treatment and may produce co-morbid anxiety and depressive symptomatology. Management of this issue requires a comprehensive and integrative treatment including psychotherapy. Group interventions have been scarcely studied in addictive disorders, those interventions aims to decrease drug misuse and improve related psychiatric symptoms.AimTo study the efficacy of group interventions base on cognitive-behavior approach in patients with pain medication misuse.MethodPatients with pain medication misuse were included and were evaluated with BDI, STAI, SF36 and HIT scales (basal and at the end of treatment sessions). Patients were recruited from headache outpatient unit. Twelve sessions of one hour were performed with a cognitive-behavior approach (weekly).ResultsWe present preliminary results about the efficacy of group interventions in patients with pain medication misuse. Descriptive results pre- and post- treatment were analyzed in depressive symptoms (M = 20.14, SD = 12.25; M = 14.67, SD = 19.50) and in areas of quality of life: physical functioning (M = 48.75, SD = 31.13; M = 60.50, SD = 41.68), bodily pain (M = 12, SD = 9.25; M = 42.75, SD = 34.09), general health perceptions (M = 25.75, SD = 16.96; M = 44.25, SD = 22.33), vitality (M = 33.75, SD = 13.82; M = 48, SD = 34.82).ConclusionsPain medication misuse is commonly found in chronic headache patients, consequently worst outcomes for both pathologies. Group interventions may be useful in management of pain, anxiety and other comorbidities. Furthermore, it may favor drug use decrease and even abstinence.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Comparison of the efficacy of the multimodal serotonergic antidepressants trazodone and vortioxetine in the treatment of patients with endogenous depression: A meta-analysis of double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trials

Selective serotonergic antidepressants with a miltimodal mechanism of action are a new group of antidepressants, which includes trazodone and vortioxetine. Data on the efficacy of trazodone and vortioxetine in treating endogenous depression (major depressive disorder) appear to be rather uncertain now. There have been no direct comparative trials of the efficiency of therapy with trazodone and vortioxetine. Objective : to compare the efficiency of therapy with trazodone and vortioxetine in treating patients with endogenous depression on the basis of statistical generalization of the results of studies of the efficacy of each antidepressant alone. Material and methods. On the basis of the selection criteria, 7 double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials of the efficiency of therapy with trazodone or vortioxetine in patients with endogenous depression were chosen from the PubMed database. The trials were divided into 2 groups according to the comparability of original samples of patients, methods for evaluating their state, and duration of follow-up. The efficiency of therapy with trazodone and that of vortioxetine were compared by determining the statistical significance of differences in the ratio of responders/nonresponders or remitters/nonremitters in Groups 1 and 2 separately. Results. 1) Comparison of the values of 8-week therapy efficiency in Group 1: a) therapy with trazodone at an average dose of about 300 mg/day significantly more frequently results in the alleviation of depressive symptoms to the level of classifying patients into the category of responders than that with vortioxetine at an average dose of about 9 mg/day; b) therapy with trazodone at an average dose of about 300 mg/day significantly more often relieves depressive symptoms to the level of classifying patients into a category of remitters than that with vortioxetine at average dose of about 9 mg/day; c) therapy with trazodone at an average dose of about 300 mg/day and that with vortioxetine at an average dose of about 18.5 mg/day lead to the comparable reduction of depressive symptoms to the level of referring patients to a category of responders or remitters. 2) Comparison of the values of of 6-week treatment efficacy in Group 2: therapy with trazodone at an average dose of about 300 mg/day is statistically significantly less frequently accompanied by the attenuation of depressive symptoms to the level of assigning patients to a category of responders than that with vortioxetine at average dose of about 7.5 mg/day. The validity of the results of comparing the efficiency of therapy in Group 2 is constrained by incomplete comparability of the clinical and demographic characteristics of initial patient samples. Conclusion . The findings suggest the higher efficacy of trazodone 300 mg/day versus vortioxetine 5–10 mg/day and the comparable efficacy of trazodone 300 mg/day and vortioxetine 15–20 mg/day in treating patients with endogenous depression.

Edukasi Prenatal dalam Upaya Peningkatan Brestfeeding Self Efficacy

The percentage of exclusive breastfeeding will be decreased in line with the raise of baby’s age. The primary factors that make mothers do not give or stopped exclusive breastfeeding are the lack of breastfeeding self efficacy so that mothers feel that they do not have enough breastfeed for their baby. The aim of the research was to find out the effectiveness of ASI prenatal education toward breastfeeding self efficacy. The research design was post test only control group design. The population was all pregnant women in the third trimester of Puskesmas Kepanjen Kidul Kota Blitar. The sample was 40 taken by purposive sampling and divided into treatment group and control group by simple random sampling. The treatment group was given education on ASI and lactation on pregnancy period. Education was completed by presenting mothers who had been succeed in giving exclusive breastfeeding (giving testimonial) to share their experience in giving breastfeed. After that, all respondents breastfeeding self efficacy level were measured with BSES-SF in between the second day until 2 weeks of postpartum. The result showed that the average score of breastfeeding self efficacy of treatment group was 61,15±5,566 and the control group was 49,85±9,438. The data analysis by independent t test showed that there was an effect of prenatal education toward breastfeeding self efficacy(p=0,000, &lt;0,05). It was expected that prenatal education on lactation which presented the breastfeeding testimonial were given during the pregnancy period in order to enhance mothers’ breastfeeding self efficacy.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Parkinson's Disease

Non-motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are gaining more and more interest. Diagnosis of mental disorders in particular, such as anxiety and depression, are often not a part of the professional's diagnostic procedure in spite of the high prevalence rate. To provide these patients with comprehensive treatment, proper diagnosis and appropriate therapy are required. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has been one of the most efficient therapies for anxiety and depression, also in a group setting. This review compares studies that examined patients with PD diagnosed with anxiety disorders and/or depression. In eight studies, CBT in an individual setting was assessed. Three of these had a single case study design, three did not have a control group and two were randomized controlled trials. Two interventions were telephone-based and two were in a group therapy setting. Several results indicate that there is a decline in depressive symptoms as well as anxiety after CBT. There are very few randomized controlled studies on this issue. The efficacy of group treatment needs to be investigated better in order to offer patients effective treatment, keeping in kind their special circumstances.

Application of a Motor Learning Treatment for Speech Sound Disorders in Small Groups.

Speech sound treatment in the public schools is often conducted in small groups, but there are minimal data on the efficacy of group treatment. This study evaluated the efficacy of a motor learning-based treatment (Concurrent Treatment) provided to elementary-school students in small groups. Concurrent Treatment incorporates the randomized sequencing of various practice tasks (e.g., words, sentences, or storytelling) and can result in rapid speech sound acquisition during individual treatment settings. Twenty-eight 6- to 9-year-old children participated in a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The experimental group received Concurrent Treatment, while the control group received treatment (if needed) after the study. Participants in the experimental group acquired their target speech sounds within 40 30-minute sessions in groups of up to four participants (effect size, d = 1.31).