Treated Banana Fiber Research Articles

Physical properties of isolated cellulose fiber from jute and banana fiber through kraft pulping: Potential applications in packaging and regenerated fibers

AbstractCellulose, a naturally abundant biopolymer, holds great potential as a sustainable alternative to synthetic fibers. However, the limited understanding and awareness surrounding cellulose utilization, particularly from agricultural origins, have impeded the complete harnessing of this highly biodegradable resource. This study aimed to extract and characterize cellulose from jute and banana fibers. The extracted cellulose exhibits a light yellow to white color, and microscopic analysis of the fibers showed micro‐fibrils. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) characterization indicated that the extracted cellulose from biomass primarily consists of cellulose II structures, except for the treated banana fiber (M:L = 1:8), which contains both cellulose I and II. Moreover, increasing the M:L ratio of alkali treatment enhanced the percentage of cellulose‐II, as observed from the XRD data. The findings of this study carry significant implications for the efficient production of cellulose fibers, with diverse applications spanning from high‐volume products like regenerated fibers, automotive parts, packaging, absorbent products (diapers), textiles, and precast concrete, drug delivery mediums, electronics, additive manufacturing, bone and tissue scaffolding, and so on. This research opens the door to harnessing the potential of cellulose derived from jute and banana fibers in various industries.Highlights Extraction cellulose using the kraft process. Isolated cellulose shows a micron‐sized structure. Optimal extraction achieved with M:L ratio of 1:4. Applications of isolated cellulose: regenerated fibers, packaging, absorbent products (diapers), textiles, and so on.

Characteristics and Comparative Study of Sodium Hydroxide Treated Banana Fiber Reinforced Composite Material

Environmental issues have become a worldwide crisis because of the high rate of pollution and changing climate patterns. Due to innovations and discoveries, the need for materials is increasing day by day. Here, composite materials can be substituted for any other mono-clinic materials fulfilling the requirements of those particular materials. However, the maximum composite materials are man-made or artificially fabricated fibers. These are not environmentally friendly and bio-degradable, which creates an environmental hazard. So, scientists are trying to fabricate composite materials from eco-friendly and green resources. The main advantages of natural fibers are their low cost, easy availability, and low density. Besides these acceptable specific properties, ease of separation, increasing energy recovery, carbon-oxide neutrality, and recyclable properties are increasing the popularity of natural fiber. In this study, we have used mainly two types of banana fiber for preparing the composite specimens, especially highlighting the hybrid fiber, which is made by mixing those two types of fiber: “Shobri” and “Champa” banana fibers. These names are renowned locally in Bangladesh. In this study, polyester and MEKP are used as matrix and hardener sequentially. We have accomplished a chemical treatment process. The treating process was accomplished in the alkaline medium with two different molar concentrations of NaOH. These are 1% and 5% solutions of NaOH. After the treatment neutralization process was performed with a 1 gm/L acetic acid solution. In addition, two distinct mechanical tests— the bending and tensile tests—were carried out. The results indicated that the hybrid fiber treated with 1% NaOH had the highest tensile properties; its Young’s modulus was around 625 MPa and its tensile strength was approximately 36.42 MPa. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus of Champa banana fiber treated with 1% and 5% NaOH solutions were the lowest, respectively. Approximate values are 1.82 GPa and 18.3 MPa. The flexural strength of hybrid fiber treated with 1% and 5% NaOH was the highest and lowest in that order. 69.2 MPa and 56.21 MPa, respectively, are their values. Regarding flexural modulus, Champa fiber treated with 5% and 1% NaOH exhibits the highest and lowest values, measuring roughly 4 and 1.82 GPa, respectively.

Preparation and characterization of potato starch-based composite films reinforced by modified banana fibers and its application in packaging of grapes

The current study focuses on the preparation and characterization of potato starch-based biocomposite films by reinforcing them with banana fiber. The banana fibers were modified using ultrasonication and cellulase enzyme, individually and in combination. Both native and modified banana fibers underwent physical, morphological, FTIR, and crystallinity analyses. The resulting biocomposite films, created by incorporating native and treated banana fibers, were then evaluated for their mechanical, thermal, barrier, and biodegradable properties. The findings indicated that combining ultrasound with enzyme treatment of banana fibers in the potato starch matrix led to a substantial reduction in water-sorption and water-vapor permeability (0.156 g mm m−2 h−1 kPa−1) of the packaging films. Additionally, the mechanical properties (5.02 MPa-Tensile strength, 4.27 MPa-Sealability) of the films significantly improved with the inclusion of modified banana fibers. FTIR analysis revealed similar spectra for all modified samples, along with enhanced crystallinity. Moreover, the thermal stability of the developed films was enhanced by the incorporation of modified banana fibers. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the modified fibers exhibited smooth surfaces and an even distribution of spaces compared with the native fibers. The biocomposite films demonstrated biodegradation within 42 days. Furthermore, the packaging application was tested with grapes, which showed that the films could maintain storability for up to 8 days. Overall, these results suggest a promising eco-friendly method for producing packaging films with biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic properties.

Experimental investigation on mechanical properties of novel polymer hybrid composite with reinforcement of banana fiber and sugarcane bagasse powder

Natural fibers such as Banana fiber and sugarcane bagasse powder are used in the present study, which are abundantly available at low cost. Novel hybrid natural fiber reinforced composite specimen prepared by using the matrix material as epoxy (70%) with the addition of hardener and the reinforcement material (30%) used as NaOH chemical treated banana fiber with the addition of filler material as sugarcane bagasse powder to enhance the property. To prepare the composite material hand-lay process is used and manufactured three different combination of specimen by varying the composition ration of 10%, 15%, and 20% of reinforced material. The mechanical properties such as tensile, compression, flexural, Impact test of the prepared specimen have been evaluated as per the ASTM standards. The mechanical properties results depicts that the specimen prepared with chemically treated fiber gives more strength as compared to untreated fiber composites. The morphological study evidences the proper fiber used while preparing the hybrid composite material. The maximum tensile strength achieved in specimen is 73.48 MPa, compressive strength of 99.63 MPa, flexural strength of 77.50 MPa, Impact strength of 4.8 J/mm, Vickers hardness value of 59.6. The specimen prepared with chemically treated specimen has a higher percentage of water absorption than the untreated. This novel hybrid composite material can be used in automobile, aircraft, building, sports, and household applications.

Macrostructure and Fracture Behaviour of Rice Husk and MWCNT Dispersion Strengthened Alkali Treated Banana Fiber Matrix Hybrid Composites

The mechanical properties of natural fiber composites reinforced with rice husk and multi-walled carbon nanotubes are studied. Two different mixing concentrations are prepared: 5 wt.% and 10 wt. % rice husk and 0.5 wt.% and 1.0 wt.% multi-walled carbon nanotubes incorporating with the constant reinforcing phases of the banana fiber is 10 wt.%. (Specimens: NBRME1 and NBRME2, where, N-NaOH; B-Banana fiber; R-Rice husk; M-MWCNT; E-Epoxy). The effect of surface treatment of banana fiber bundles is reacted with a 6% sodium hydroxide solution. The surface-treated reinforcement results indicated higher tensile, bending, and impact strength of the 0.5% MWCNT composite (43.96 MPa, 60.62 MPa, and 46.5 J/m) compared with 1% MWCNT composite. High-resolution optical macroscopic images are revealed a variety of defects, including interface behaviour, fiber stretching, fracture, cracking, and agglomeration. Biodegradable organic rice husk-based epoxy resin composite is valuable for manufacturing electronic parts, chips and circuits.

Comparative study on thermogravimetric analysis of banana fibers treated with chemicals

Natural fibers have shown to have exceptional properties and as excellent reinforcing agents in composite materials, both of which are solutions to environmental problems. However, due to its hydrophilic nature, it tends to swell and degrade when exposed to moisture. Therefore, it will result in poor interfacial bonding with polymer matrix, and poor mechanical and thermal properties. Surface chemical treatment of fibers improved the properties of the fibers by destroying the hydrogen bond in the fiber network. An investigation has been made to study the effects of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) on three different chemically treated banana fibers from Island of Borneo. TGA is an effective technique for performing thermal analysis. In this technique, the mass of a certain material that needs to be analyzed is observed in relation to temperature. The banana fibers obtained were subjected to chemical treatment of 5 wt% of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), 5 wt% of potassium hydroxide (KOH), and 5 wt% of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) for 24 h. The thermogravimetric analysis shows an improved thermal stability after the fibers were being treated. Besides that, it shows higher thermal stability with sodium hydroxide treated banana fiber and the least weight loss of 48% compared to other treated banana fibers.

Strength Properties of Surface-Modified Giant Cavendish (Musa acuminata) Banana Fibers

ABSTRACT This study focused on examining and comparing the strength properties of untreated and surface-modified Giant Cavendish banana fibers. The banana fibers were mercerized using 0.06 M Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) and treated using 0.003 M Potassium Permanganate (KMnO4) solutions. The untreated and surface-modified fibers were then subjected to a tensile test and the results analyzed using the Weibull Cumulative Distribution Function. KMnO4 treated banana fibers had a mean tensile strength of 209.321 ± 22.619 MNm−2, which translated to a 65.92% gain in strength while the mercerized banana fibers had a mean tensile strength of 162.233 ± 7.976 MNm−2, which was a 28.60% gain in strength. Mercerized banana fibers recorded a Weibull modulus of 7.6096 compared to the untreated fibers (4.7042) and KMnO4 treated fibers (3.2135). The banana fiber surface-modification using KMnO4 resulted in stronger fibers. However, the lower Weibull modulus of 3.2135 can be attributed to the introduction of flaws in to the fiber structure by the KMnO4 treatment.

Experimental studies on water absorption properties of acetic acid treated banana fiber composites

Mostly, agricultural residues and fibers are incinerated or dumped into the land after cultivation. Disposal of these waste not only occupy more useful space in land but also spoiled energy resources. It causes pollution to the environment, release of greenhouse gases, etc. Lignocellulosic fibers are rich in cellulose which is abundant in nature. In this work, Banana fiber which was extracted from the bast of the plant is used to make an alternate for synthetic fibers. The polyester based composites were manufactured by with different weight concentration of fibers from 1 to 10%. Tensile and water absorption values of composites were conducted as per the ASTM standards. When the fiber addition increases, water absorption properties also increased due to the characteristics of lignocellulose fibers. From the results, it was understood that the obtained composites can be used in various commercial and bio medical application.

Experimental Studies on Water Absorption Behaviour of Treated and Untreated Hybrid Bio-Composites

Various experimental works were successfully accomplished over the past years on the natural resources reinforced composites. This research work is focused on the water absorption behaviour of the treated and untreated banana fiber reinforced, used camellia sinensis particles filled along with the epoxy resin matrix bio-composites. Different weight percentages of reinforcement and filler materials were taken to prepare the hybrid composite specimens, whereas the epoxy resin matrix were keeping constant. Traditional hand layup technique was adopted and the boards of the hybrid composites were effectively fabricated by using the same technique. Hybrid bio-composite specimens for water absorption tests were prepared by using the portable wood cutting machine as per the ASTM standards for the efficient justification on experimental results. Water absorption tests on the hybrid bio-composite specimens were carried out as per the ASTM standards. Water absorption behaviour of the treated and untreated banana fiber reinforced, used camellia sinensis particles filled, epoxy resin matrix hybrid composite specimens were absorbed and compared with each other. Experimental results shows that the chemically treated banana fiber reinforced with narrow amount of used camellia sinensis particle filled hybrid composite specimens exhibits the better water absorption behaviour than that of untreated banana fiber reinforced with elevated amount of used camellia sinensis particle filled hybrid composite specimens.

Mechanical and Morphological Characteristics Study of Chemically Treated Banana Fiber Reinforced Phenolic Resin Composite with Vajram Resin

ABSTRACT The development of complete natural composite with natural fiber and natural resin is one of the challenges in the material era. To address the issue, this research article is aimed to study the possibility of utilizing the natural resin Vajram with natural banana fiber to develop a natural composite. In addition to that alkali treatment of banana fiber with 5%, 10% and 15% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution to improve the properties also analyzed. All the composites were prepared using a hand layup technique followed by compression molding. All the mechanical testings were conducted as per corresponding ASTM standards. The experimental results showed that 5% NaOH treated fibers recorded higher tensile strength 170.12 MPa than other fibers. Banana fiber reinforced phenolic resin composite (BFRPC) with 5% NaOH treated fibers with a 30% fiber weight ratio recorded the highest mechanical properties such as 22.62 MPa, 33.84 MPa, and 5.87 kJ/m2 in tensile, flexural, and impact strength respectively. 21.53%, 38.39%, and 44.63% reduction in tensile, flexural, and impact strength respectively were noted due to the 80% Vajram mixed banana fiber-reinforced composite. This kind of low strength natural Vajram resin mixed banana fiber composites is well suitable for automobile applications as non-structural components.

Cement–paperboard composite for speaker/woofer casing: Experimental trend analysis (ETA) and performance evaluation

One of the uses of particle board is in the design of speaker/woofer casing, but with increasing demand, the cost is skyrocketing, effects of which lead to the high cost of end-use woofer gadgets. Cement–paper composite reinforced with snail shell powder/banana fiber was developed as an alternative. The fiber was grouped into two; untreated banana fiber (UBF) and treated banana fiber (TBF) (treated with 1 M NaOH). Fibers were infused into the composite at 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5% by weight of paper pulp while snail shell powder was added at 15 wt.% constant proportion for all samples produced. Curing was carried out for 28 and 56 days, respectively. The composite boards produced were examined for physical, mechanical, and microstructural properties. Results obtained indicated an uptrend in water absorption and thickness swelling at increasing fiber loading. Internal bond strength, screw holding strength, moduli of rupture, and elasticity were observed to be enhanced with increment in fiber proportion. It was further noticed that alkaline TBF performed better than the untreated fiber, hence recommended for paperboard production. Experimental trend and performance analysis engaged in revealed hydration to be the most efficient experimental variable and important for overall property maximization in cement–paper composite. Performance evaluation conducted showed effective property index was noticed to be highest for composite board doped with 2.5 wt.% TBF.

Optimization of mechanical properties of cellular lightweight concrete with alkali treated banana fiber

Recent advancements in construction materials development have involved the utilization of plant-based natural fibers such as kenaf, sisal, coir and banana to replace conventional fibers such as carbon, steel, polypropylene and aramid. However, the main issue with using these fibers is the alkaline cement matrix's durability and compatibility due to high water absorption. Hence, this research focuses on the use of alkali treatment of banana fibers to enhance the mechanical properties of cellular lightweight concrete (CLC). Banana fibers were subjected to 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% NaOH treatment before being included in 1200 kg/m3 density CLC. Plain CLC and untreated fiber composites (0% NaOH treatment) were used as the control. Results from the study indicate that compared to the untreated fibre composites and plain control CLC at 28 days, compressive, flexural and splitting tensile strengths increased simultaneously with 6% NaOH fibre treatment to peaks of 40.6% and 59.8%, 63.8% and 117.4%, and 77.4% and 157.8% respectively. The 6% NaOH treatment of BF tremendously improved the mechanical characteristics of single fibers and BFRCLC composites. It is therefore concluded that 6% NaOH treatment of banana fibre was the optimum percentage alkali treatment for use in CLC.

Analysis of unidirectional aligned Banana and Glass fiber reinforced polyester composite for tensile and flexural strength

The hybrid composite can be set up by utilizing at least two fiber fortifications in the composite. Here the hybrid composite was set up by utilizing banana/glass fiber. In addition, fiber volume loading was 40%. The tensile test and flexural test were preceded according to ASTM D3039 and ASTM D790 separately. The results show that 5% treated fiber shows higher properties than non-treated fiber composite. NaOH treated banana fiber with glass fiber composite shows higher quality as compared with non-treated in unidirectional continuous fiber reinforced composite.

Characterization of Alkali-Treated Banana Fiber and its Effects as Web Reinforcement on the Axial Load Capacity of Concrete

The Philippines is an agricultural country due to its location in the tropics. Because of this nature, the agriculture sector tends to produce a huge amount of waste that if not disposed properly could pose a threat to the society and to the environment. Studies have been performed on the possibilities of incorporating agricultural wastes to various construction materials as a form of waste diversion. In order to address the problem with agricultural wastes as well as to improve the property of construction materials, a study on alkali-treated banana fiber as web reinforcement in concrete was done. In this study, a characterization of alkali-treated banana fiber was done in order to assess the characteristics of a possible reinforcement for concrete by tensile strength test on the fiber. The applicability of the treated fiber was then examined as a web reinforcement in concrete in terms of its load capacity. The parametric study was conducted to investigate the effect on the compressive strength of varying bundle diameter (4 mm, 8 mm, 12 mm, 16 mm) while holding the spacing of mesh at 20 mm and also the effect of varying mesh spacing (10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm and 25 mm) while holding the diameter at 16 mm. Test results show that the 4 mm diameter of treated banana fiber yielded the highest tensile strength at 314 N compared to only 197 N of the untreated banana fiber. The parametric study results the diameter of banana fiber indicate that the increase in diameter also results in the increase in load capacity. With respect to spacing, the smaller the value of spacing results in higher load capacity.

Experimental research on glass fibres / caustic soda treated banana fibers hybrid composite

High cost charged for the materials which specifically designed for wet application. The pre defined properties are related to water based damages like corrosive properties, and other related chemical properties. This investigation is on wet strength of hybrid composited. The hybrid composite consists of the natural fiber (banana fiber) and artificial fiber (glass fiber). The treated banana fiber is used to prepare the composite with selective glass fiber. The banana fiber is here treated with specific concentration of Caustic soda in the distilled water. The composites synthesized with treated and untreated banana fibers. The alternate fashion of horizontal and vertical is followed for fibers’ orientation. The bio epoxy is employed as matrix material with mix of hardener. The prepared composite are characterized by water absorbability, tensile properties, flexural properties and shock absorption capacities under wet condition.

The incorporation of untreated and alkali-treated banana fiber in SEBS composites

Abstract In this work, banana fiber was used as reinforcement for the preparation of a thermoplastic elastomer composite (TPE). Few studies are exploring the natural fiber incorporation on TPEs, with no one using banana fiber. The fiber was extracted from banana pseudostem and modified with an alkaline solution. The untreated and treated banana fibers were incorporated in 2%, 5%, and 10% in SEBS. The mixture was performed in a thermokinetic mixer (K-Mixer) and plates prepared by compression molding. The composites were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM), tensile testing, mechanical dynamical analysis (DMA). It can be observed that the samples with untreated fibers presented a higher tensile strength, except for the incorporation of 5% of BF. Young's modulus increase as the fiber's incorporation grows, indicating greater rigidity of the composite. It was found that the chemically treated banana fiber composites, e.g., TPE/TBF5 and TPE/TBF10, shows a 15.4% and 22.2% higher elongation.

Analysis of the Adsorption of Toxic Chromium (VI) by Untreated and Chitosan Treated Banana and Areca Fiber

This paper work involves bunch experiments to investigate the effect of contact time, pH, and adsorbent dose on the extent of adsorption by bio-composites. Adsorption capacity of Chromium (VI) onto chitosan coated with banana and areca fiber was investigated in a batch system by considering the effects of various parameters like contact time, initial concentration, pH and adsorbent dose. The chitosan and fibers (banana and areca) were then cross-linked with glutaraldehyde to remove chromium [Cr (VI)] from water via static adsorption. It was found that optimum chromium absorption capacity of chitosan was assessed at pH of 2.5 to 4.5 and contact time of 30 to 180 minutes for raw banana and areca fiber and for chitosan treated banana & areca fiber. Though optimum adsorption of chromium of chitosan was measured 34.17 ppm (85.42%) from a 100 ml solution containing 40 parts per million (ppm) of Cr (VI) at 120 minutes, pH of 3.0 and 120 milligram (mg) adsorbent dose size, use of composite will be more favorable in the point of environmental concern as well as low cost because chitosan preparation is comparatively costly then banana and areca fiber. On the other hand, untreated banana and areca fiber optimum adsorption of chromium measured 3.65 ppm (9.1%) at 180 min and, pH of 4.5 and 140 mg adsorbent dose size and 3.76 ppm (9.4%) at 180 min, pH of 4.5 and 160 mg adsorbent dose size respectively. In case of chitosan treated banana fiber, it was observed that adsorption was increased from 17.664 to 30.057 (75.14%). On the other hand, for areca fiber with chitosan, it was observed that adsorption was increased from 21.664 to 30.156 (75.39%) ppm. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were used for the mathematical description of the adsorption of chromium ion onto composites and it was found that the Langmuir adsorption isotherm was more fitted models which mean that a monolayer adsorption surface was created. After analyzing from IBM SPSS 25 software, we got the standard deviation value of adsorbed Cr by raw chitosan, untreated banana and areca of pH test results were 9.399, 1.072, 0.728 ppm, time test results were 2.163, 0.859, 0.896 ppm and adsorbent dose test results were 6.588, 0.966, 1.211 ppm correspondingly. The standard deviation results of pH, time and amount of treated banana fiber test results were 1.831, 2.693 and 5.469 ppm congruently. On the other hand, the standard deviation results of pH, time and amount of treated areca fiber test results were 3.293, 2.673 and 4.152 ppm individually. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy analysis indicated that both amino and hydroxyl groups of chitosan, banana and areca fiber were engaged in the adsorption.

Experimental exploration of inherent properties of GRP/2-hydroxysuccinic acid treated banana fiber hybrid composite

Always demand for materials is exist but now increases steeply but the supply is limited. In particularly, the supply of material is limited for specific applications. Light weight low strength applications are very wide. This investigation focuses the natural fiber hybrid with artificial fiber based hybrid composite preparation. The banana fiber is used to prepare the composite with GRP. The banana fiber is here treated with specific concentration of 2-Hydroxysuccinic Acidin the distilled water. The composites synthesized with treated and untreated banana fibers. The alternate fashion of horizontal and vertical is followed for fibers’ orientation. The bio epoxy is employed as matrix material with mix of hardener. The prepared composite are characterized by water absorbability, tensile properties, flexural properties and shock absorption capacities. The synthesized composites also characterized.

Investigation On Three Point Flexural Strength Of Alkaline Treated Banana Fiber Reinforced Cardanol Resin Polymer Composites By Response Surface Methodology

Investigation On Three Point Flexural Strength Of Alkaline Treated Banana Fiber Reinforced Cardanol Resin Polymer Composites By Response Surface Methodology

Exploration of indispensible properties of textile-grade glass fibers/white caustic treated banana fiber hybrid composite

The need of Materials based research always exist due to its demand at all times. But the supply is limited. In particularly, the supply of material is limited for specific applications. Light weight low strength applications are very wide. This investigation focuses the natural fiber hybrid with artificial fiber based hybrid composite preparation. The banana fibers are used to prepare the composite with Textile-Grade Glass Fiber. The banana fiber is here treated with specific concentration of caustic in the distilled water. The composites synthesized with treated and untreated banana fibers. The alternate fashion of horizontal and vertical is followed for fibers’ orientation. The bio epoxy is employed as matrix material with mix of hardener. The prepared composite are characterized by water absorbability, tensile properties, flexural properties and shock absorption capacities.