Tra Vinh Province Research Articles

Informal Employment and Income: A Case Study in Tra Vinh Province

This paper investigates the impact of the informal economy on the economy, focusing on the relationship between informal employment and the incomes of workers in Tra Vinh province. The empirical modelling employs OLS regression with cross-sectional VHLSS data for the Tra Vinh province covering the period 2004-2018. A labor-based approach of is applied to measure the informality of workers. Accordingly, the workers in the occupational groups who work independently are self-employed, and work for the family business is considered informal employment, while the other group is considered formal employment. The results of the study indicate that the informal employment have the lower incomes in the shor and long term. Beside that, the orther sectors including gender, education, the number of working hours, and skill levels have too a highly significant impact on workers' incomes. All policy implications of the study lead to the goal of improving working conditions for workers in the informal economy. Accordingly, the proposed policies include the synchronization between employment policies and labor supply and demand in the market, which focuses on vocational training for workers, provides solutions to ensure legality for employees and set up a databate on labor supply and demand.

Multi-Scale Drivers of Land-Use Changes at Farm Level II: Application of Conceptual Framework in the Salinity Intrusion Zone of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta and Cross-Case Comparison with the Highly Flooded Zone

Frequent drought and worsening salinity intrusion challenge future land uses and livelihoods in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. The central government is, therefore, formulating a new strategy premised on adaption to natural environmental dynamics. For an achievable strategy that bridges the gap between plans and practice, it is important to understand what drives land-use changes at the farm level. Previous research developed and applied a multi-scale drivers framework in the highly flooded zone of the delta. The current study uses that same framework to investigate the land-use history and drivers of change in the salinity intrusion zone of this delta from 1975 to 2016. We interviewed 32 farmers in Tra Vinh Province and used transcript analysis to quantify the influence of the drivers that the farmers mentioned. We then compared the drivers of land-use change with those found earlier in the highly flooded zone. Results show more diversification of land uses and land-use changes in the salinity intrusion zone. Farmers here followed three main pathways: rice intensification, integrated farming of rice and vegetables/aquaculture, or intensive shrimp farming. Land-use changes were conditional on the regional infrastructure construction to preserve freshwater conditions. However, household-scale drivers, especially natural and financial assets, were most frequently mentioned. Socio-economic context also emerged as an important driver, particularly trends and pressures from the community and markets.

The Impact of Saltwater Intrusion on Rice Cultivation and Aquaculture in Ham Tan Commune, Tra Cu District, Tra Vinh Province, Mekong Delta, Vietnam

This article discusses the impact of saltwater intrusion on rice cultivation and aquaculture in Ham Tan commune, Tra Cu District, Tra Vinh Province, Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Based on 15 in-depth interviews and sociological surveys conducted in Ham Tan commune, Tra Cu District, Tra Vinh Province, the article highlights the main findings. Firstly, rice cultivation and aquaculture in Ham Tan are multidimensionally affected by the negative impacts of saltwater intrusion. Secondly, saltwater intrusion reduces crop yields and decreases the area available for rice cultivation. It also increases labor days and investment costs in rice production. Thirdly, saltwater intrusion decreases the productivity of aquaculture. In fact, a significant number of households engaged in aquaculture experienced complete losses due to saltwater intrusion.

Application of the ALOHA simulation model to assess Ammonia leakage from the coal-fired power station of Duyen Hai 2 Thermal Power Plant

The widespread use of hazardous chemicals in industrial activities can cause chemical accidents in which Ammonia gas leaks are one of the most concerning issues due to their toxic nature and adverse impacts on workers and the working environment. Therefore, accident risk prediction is essential to reduce the extent of damage and develop plans in place for minimizing and controlling unexpected hazards. This paper aims to provide an estimation of Ammonia leakage by ALOHA simulation software with scenarios for Ammonia leakage escaping from storage tanks of a coal-fired power station at Duyen Hai 2 Thermal Power Plant, Tra Vinh province. Three scenarios of chemical (Ammonia) incidents were simulated to assess the degree and extent of the impacts of chemical leakage on humans and the environments, including monthly, seasonally scenarios (for single chemical tank incidents) and two-tank incident scenario. The results show that the monthly scenario in April (29°C; 80,4%; 3,4m/s) and November (27,14°C; 87,2%; 2,9m/s) have the largest influence and the worst effects with the radius of red zone damage of 3.3km from the leakage site. The scenario of the dry season has much higher damage than the rainy one with the red zone is 4.6km. Meanwhile, the damage area of red zone caused by chemical incidents from two tanks leakage is 5.3km. This finding provide the top management level of the factory with a critical view of damage extent caused by chemical incidents for which a proactive plan should be available to prevent from the risks of explosion.

PROPOSAL THE SUITABLE STRUCTURE ON SMALL VESSEL AND BARGE IN THICK SOFT SOIL AREA IN THE GEOLOGICAL AREA OF TRA VINH PROVINCE, VIETNAM

Tra Vinh Province with its interlaced river system is convenient for navigation, especially for barges and small vessels under 1000 DWT. Geology in Tra Vinh primarily has a thick soft soil surface layer, averaging from 20 m – 40 m, even over 50 m in some places, structural solutions for docks in most regions choose piers. Thus, the high platform on the pile foundation. However, in practice, we found that most of the proposed wharf structure solutions for barges and small ships are not reasonable, the piles in the berth structure have not brought into full play their bearing capacity, leading to excessive and inefficient investment costs for large-scale projects. Within the scope of the paper, we propose a more reasonable wharf structure solution based on the integrated analysis of the geological features of the structure, the load due to the ship, and the operating loads on the berth.

DEVELOPING AESTHETIC COMPETENCE FOR 6TH GRADERS THROUGH FOLKTALES: THE CASE OF HIGH SCHOOLS IN TRA VINH PROVINCE, VIETNAM

The study was conducted to survey and analyze the level of aesthetic perception through Thanh Giong and The Legend of Ho Guom - the two 6th grade folktales. The study involved the participation of 138 pupils and 6 teachers teaching 6th grade Literature at Cang Long Ethnic Minority Boarding and Huyen Hoi Secondary School in Cang Long District, Tra Vinh Province, Vietnam. In this study, group discussion and role-playing pedagogy were the two methods utilized combining the Rubric technique to evaluate the experimental results. Theresults showed that there is a positive change in students’ aesthetic perception ability when using the active learning method with pre-test score is 5.9, and post-test score is 8.0 for the story of Thanh Giong. As for The Legend of Ho Guom, the pre-test score is 6.4, and 8.1 for the posttest score. These results contribute to motivating teachers to improve teaching methods, enhance the quality of transmission, and develop aestheticcompetence for 6th grade students through teaching and learning folktales in particular as well as in teaching and learning the subject of Literature in general.

Fluid mud properties and nautical depth estimation: A case study in navigation channel of Duyen Hai Port, Vietnam

Duyen Hai Port, Tra Vinh province, Vietnam, was used in January 2016, bringing great benefits to the economic development of the Mekong River Delta. In recent years the navigation channel to the port has faced serious sedimentation, which has become a major obstacle for the larger vessel to reach the port. For the safety of port operations, it is necessary to dredge with a relatively large volume and considerable cost. However, fluid mud in the navigation channel and ports induced many difficulties for vessels entering the port and maintenance dredging. This paper presents the fluid mud properties and nautical depth estimation based on observation data of rheology by RheoTune probe and bathymetries measured by multi-frequency echo sounding. Based on the analysis and comparison of water depth at 91 measurement locations, the paper proposed to apply the echo-sounding at 33 kHz and 200 kHz frequencies for measuring the bathymetry in a fluid mud bed. Density, yield stress, and viscosity were selected as combination criteria to determine the nautical depth for the Duyen Hai port and the navigation channel.

Isolation and identification of carotenoid-producing Rhodotorula sp. from soils collected in the coastal environment of Kien Giang and Tra Vinh provinces

Rhodotorula is a genus of marine yeasts that is considered the most suitable for carotenoid production. In this study, collected soils at Kien Giang and Tra Vinh provinces were cultured on yeast extract peptone dextrose (YEPD) agar for 72 hours at room temperature. Twenty-three isolates exhibiting yellow, orange, and pink pigments were tested for physiological and biochemical characteristics such as carbohydrate fermentation and assimilation, nitrate assimilation, urease production, and growth temperature. Their oval dimensions were 4.24x3.64 μm for isolate 5S1-T and 3.88x3.17 μm for isolate 5S4-T. The two isolates could assimilate carbohydrate and nitrate sources and produce urease. The ITS rDNA sequence of isolates 5S1-T and 5S4-T both had 100% matches to Rhodotorula sphaerocarpaCBS:5940 and Rhodotorula sphaerocarpa CBS:5939, respectively. The maximum absorbance wavelengths of the solution extractions from the 5S1-T and 5S4-T were 496 and 487 nm, respectively. The total carotenoid content of strain 5S1-T was found to be the highest (1.81 mg/l) followed by strain 5S4-T (1.16 mg/ml). The antioxidant abilities of the 5S1-T and 5S4-T were demonstrated by scavenging the free radical DPPH and ferric reducing capacity. The free radical scavenging activity of the extract from isolate 5S1-T (96.15%) was higher than that of isolate 5S4-T (88.61%) at 0.14 mg/ml. The absorbance at 700 nm of the extracts of both 5S1-T and 5S4-T significantly increased from 0.05 to 0.3 mg/ml. The two strains 5S1-T and 5S4-T of Rhodotorulasphaerocarpa discovered in this study could contribute to carotenoid and antioxidant-producing yeasts for industries in the future.

Design of preliminary groundwater monitoring networks for the coastal Tra Vinh province in Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Study RegionThe study region is the coastal Tra Vinh province located in Mekong Delta, Vietnam Study FocusThe objective of the study is to design preliminary monitoring networks for groundwater level and salinity monitoring in the three heavily abstracted aquifers in the Tra Vinh province. Since data from the existing monitoring were insufficient to explore variogram analysis and subsequent Kriging interpolation for the network design, groundwater flow and saltwater transport models were constructed to create groundwater level and salinity distributions. An iterative procedure was adopted to select monitoring well locations based on the contour maps of groundwater levels and total dissolved solids (TDS) constructed from the groundwater models. The standard deviation of Kriging interpolation error was used as the criteria to assess the quality of the designed monitoring networks. Priorities for the locating groundwater level monitoring wells were targeted in areas with cones of depression and boundaries, while priorities for salinity monitoring were given to coastal zone and inland fresh/saltwater interfaces. New Hydrological Insights for the RegionGroundwater overexploitation has resulted in storage depletion and saltwater intrusion in the Tra Vinh province. Simulations from the numerical models determined the cones of the depression and predicted intrusion from inland saltwater trapped in clays from past marine transgressions and from seawater in the coastal zone. A limited number of monitoring wells is operated and is insufficient to delineate the cone of depression and fresh/salt water interfaces. This study combined the numerical model simulation results and Kriging interpolation method and designed preliminary groundwater level and salinity monitoring networks for the Tra Vinh province. Once the designed networks are implemented, observed data from the networks will provide valuable information for sustainable groundwater resources management in Tra Vinh province. Data availabilityAll data generated or analyzed during this study are available upon request from the corresponding author.

Factors affecting green consumption behaviour: Empirical evidence from consumers in Tra Vinh province

The article aims to determine the factors affecting the green consumption behaviour of consumers in Tra Vinh province based on the basic research theoretical framework (Theory of planned behaviour by Ajzen - TPB). Data was collected through direct interview with 300 consumers in Tra Vinh province. The results show that the intention to buy green products has a positive impact on consumers’ buying behavior toward green products. Two factors including attitude towards green purchasing and perceived behavioural control positively impact green purchasing behaviour, and these effects act as full mediators through green product purchase intention. The article proposes some recommendations to promote the green consumption behaviour of people in Tra Vinh province in particular and Vietnam in general.

Developing Vietnamese communicative competence for ethnic minority students in Vietnam’s lower secondary boarding schools—current situation and solutions

ABSTRACT Based on the survey results of Vietnamese Linguistics and Literature teachers and students at 7 ethnic minority boarding secondary schools located in 7 different districts of Tra Vinh Province, Vietnam, we discovered that Khmer students’ communicative competence is still below the national average. There is no distinction between different types of students, and the curriculum materials and textbooks show this as well as many other flaws in the implementation of the educational program, which is focused on learner competence. Ethnic minority students in lower secondary schools have not been able to meet their own needs, including practical application needs, in teaching and learning. Because of this, the study was conducted by examining the status of the communicative competence of Khmer students in ethnic minority boarding secondary schools, inadequacies in policy, stages of the innovation process, and current textbooks. Based on the survey results, research proposed the flexible application of the CLT method in improving Vietnamese communicative competence for Khmer students in ethnic minority boarding secondary schools. The practical, analysis-based recommendations that the research provides will be of practical value to Vietnam's ongoing education reform efforts, especially at the stage of teacher training to meet the specific needs of specialized learners.

Characteristics of traditional medicine human resources in some commune health facilities at Tra Cu District, Tra Vinh province

Objective: To survey characteristics of human resources for traditional medicine at commune medical facilities, Tra Cu district, Tra Vinh province in 2022.Research object and method: A cross-sectional descriptive study combining qualitative and quantitative research. Collecting data by retrospective method of secondary data from management software and statistical reports of 16 commune health stations and 01 health centers in Tra Cu district, Tra Vinh province. In-depth interviews with 22 medical professionals or in charge of traditional medicine, leaders of health stations. Research variables include: age characteristics, gender, ethnicity, professional qualifications, working time of traditional medicine doctors.Results: The total number of traditional medicine personnel of the commune health facilities in Tra Cu district is 330 people, the number of traditional medicine health workers only accounts for 6.6% (22 people). Male proportion accounted for 59.1%, naccounted for 40.9%. Traditional medicine human resources are mainly Kinh people (63.64%), of which 72.73% of health workers can use Khmer to communicate in medical examination and treatment. 63.63% of employees are between the ages of 30 and 50, 74.82% of employees have worked for more than 5 years and have university degrees, accounting for 54.54%. All medical staff are in charge of the main task of medical examination and treatment, including management staff, pharmaceutical activities and scientific research.Recommendation: Continue to train in traditional medicine human resources, increase the rate of undergraduate and graduate school, strive to have medical doctors at health stations. Constantly training to constantly update and improve knowledge in accordance with the local disease model.

INVESTIGATING THE INFLUENCE OF BRASSINOLIDE ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PEANUT IN TRA VINH PROVINCE, VIETNAM

Brassinolide is a growth regulator contributing to plant growth and development, flowering and fruiting capacity, resulting in high yields for crops such as soybean, rice, strawberry, and grapes. This research project investigated the effect of Brassinolide on the growth and development of peanuts grown in sandy soil in Tra Vinh Province. The experiment utilized a completely randomized block design with two factors: four Brassinolide rates (0 ppm, 0.05 ppm, 0.10 ppm, and 0.15 ppm) and four injection points (15, 35, 50 days after sowing, and 15+35+50 days after sowing). The results indicated that a concentration of 0.15 ppm Brassinolide, combined with spraying three times on days 15+35+50 days after sowing, achieved higher efficiency in height, number of buds, number of flowers/tree, and number of fruits/plants, compared to the trial without Brassinolide.

DETERMINING THE ALGAE CELL DENSITY AND TOTAL CAROTENOID CONTENT OF HETEROTROPHIC MARINE MICROALGAE - SCHIZOCHYTRIUM AND THRAUSTOCHYTRIUM ON THE COAST OF TRA VINH PROVINCE, VIETNAM

This study aimed to determine the biomass culture capacity and total carotenoid content of heterotrophic marine microalgae genera, including the genus Schizochytrium and Thraustochytrium on the coast of Tra VinhProvince. Five strains of these genera, DH41.79, CN27, DH10, CN15, and CN47, were cultured for biomass and carotenoid content. The study showed that the cell density of CN47 was highest with different periods under three different dilution levels (10%, 20%, and 30%), with a positive relationship between cell density and dryweight of algae strains (R2 ≈ 1 > 0). Besides, the results indicated that all densities of strain CN47 showed carotenoid content of this strain (7,613 µg/kg) was significantly higher than that of the 04 remainings and previous studies. The research results contribute to the foundation for scientific works on the heterotrophic marine microalgae Thraustochytrids, which have a high potential for applications in biomass production,extraction of high-value nutritional compounds for aquaculture, towards sustainable development through replacing fish oil sourced from natural exploitation in Tra Vinh Province.

Salinity Intrusion Trends under the Impacts of Upstream Discharge and Sea Level Rise along the Co Chien River and Hau River in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta

A one-dimensional hydraulic HEC-RAS model was developed to forecast the change in salinity in the tributaries of the Co Chien and Hau Rivers in Tra Vinh province, Vietnam. The boundary data includes river discharge at Can Tho and My Thuan, water levels, and salinity at coastal monitoring stations. Six monitoring stations along the Co Chien River and Hau River were selected to study salinity changes. Four scenarios for the period 2020–2050 were selected, including SLR17, SLR22, SLR26L, and SLR26H, corresponding to sea level rise (17, 22, and 26 cm) and upstream river discharge decrease (in the ranges of 100–128% and 80–117% at Can Tho and My Thuan, respectively) in the dry season based on new climate change scenarios in Vietnam and previous studies. The results highlight that when the average discharge at Can Tho and My Thuan reduces, the salinity increases more significantly than the impact of sea level rise. Salinity at the monitoring stations in Tra Vinh province is projected to increase within the ranges of 4–21% and 3–29% along the Co Chien River and Hau River, respectively. In addition, sea level rise is seen to affect the discharge distribution into the Co Chien River. It suggests an urgent need to raise farmers’ awareness of climate change adaptation, investment in production equipment, and appropriate regulation of riverbed mining and activities upstream in the Mekong River.

The livelihood vulnerability and adaptive capacity of shrimp farmers to climate change: a case study in Tra Vinh province, Vietnam

This study calculated the vulnerability and current adaptive capacity of shrimp farmers to climate change in two districts (Duyen Hai –DH and Cau Ngang- CN) of Tra Vinh province, Vietnam. The IPCC framework of vulnerability assessment was employed to analyze three factors (exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity). We proposed 45 indices to calculate those dimensions based on the livelihood capitals (human, physical, natural, social and financial capital). Three methods of assessing climate change vulnerability index were applied to compare the livelihood vulnerability index of shrimp farmers in the two districts (Climate Vulnerability Index – CVI, Livelihood Effect Index-LEI, and Livelihood Vulnerability index under Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change –LVI-IPCC). Total of 300 households were interviewed in 10 randomly selected villages distributed equally over two districts. The results indicated that three ways of measuring livelihood vulnerability index are consistent with each other. The analysis revealed that the inland district (CN) was more vulnerable to climate change than the coastal districts (DH) due to natural capital and social capital mainly.

KNOWLEDGE AND BEHAVIORS AMONG CITIZENS IN TRA VINH, VIETNAM REGARDING HEPATITIS C: A COMMUNITY -BASED SURVEY

Background: People with the right knowledge and behavior can reduce the likelihood of hepatitis C. Objectives: To determine some related factors to knowledge and practice on prevention of hepatitis C virus infection among citizens in Tra Vinh province in 2022. Materials and method: A cross-sectional study using directly interviewed questions on 426 people who are from 18 to 60 years old residing in Tra Vinh province. Results: Correct knowledge about hepatitis C virus infection prevention (39.44%) varied by age group, occupation, and cultural levels. Proportion of people with correct behavior about hepatitis C virus infection (72.30%) did not differ by age group, occupation, education levels, but there were differences according to gender, correct behavior concentrated on male subjects. People with correct general knowledge lead to correct risk and prevention behaviors were 1.62 times higher than those with correct general knowledge but incorrect risk and prevention behaviors. Conclusion: Communication and education about hepatitis C virus can help people in Tra Vinh province have the right general knowledge about the disease, thereby implementing the right behaviors about hepatitis C virus infection.

Farming Practices and Environmental Quality of Integrated Mangrove-Shrimp Farming Systems in Tra Vinh Province, Vietnam

Farming Practices and Environmental Quality of Integrated Mangrove-Shrimp Farming Systems in Tra Vinh Province, Vietnam

Assessment of Surface Water Quality Duyen Hai District, Tra Vinh Province, Vietnam

Assessment of Surface Water Quality Duyen Hai District, Tra Vinh Province, Vietnam

Assessment of Potential Rainfall Distribution Patterns and Their Relationship with Inundation in Tra Vinh Province, Vietnam

This study aimed to develop temporal rainfall distribution patterns of 1-day, 3-, 5-, and 7-consecutive rain days for three meteorological stations in Tra Vinh province (Cang Long, Tieu Can, and Tra Cu), using daily rainfall data from 1978 to 2017. The study follows the Vietnamese National Standards (TCVN 10406:2015:Irrigation Works – Calculation of Design Drainage Coefficients) to determine the frequency of events of various rainfall distribution drainage patterns. Thereafter, the probability method was conducted to identify rainfall pattern design according to a 10-year return period. Only Cang Long meteorological station exhibited enough single events of rainfall patterns (>10) for 3 consecutive days to determine a rainfall distribution drainage pattern, fitting in pattern type 1 and distribution types 2 and 3. However, for all distribution types of rainfall patterns, the one with the highest last-day rainfall is the most adverse pattern. Therefore, this study recommends building a 3-consecutive day design rainfall for Cang Long station of pattern type 1 and distribution type 3 for precautionary purposes.