Travel Motivations Research Articles

Impact of eWOM on The Intention to Choose Green Tourist Destinations for Vietnamese Tourists

This study aims to evaluate how EWOM influences Vietnamese visitors' inclinations to travel to environmentally friendly areas. (Which investigates the theories of source EWOM (EW), Environmental Concern (EC), Travel Motivation (TM), Destination Image (DI), Attitude (ATD), and Subjective Norm (SN) and constructs highly accurate structural models (SEM).Design/methodology/approach – An online survey investigated the influence of EWOM and related parameters on the intention of Vietnamese tourists to pick a green tourist location. Using Google Forms, the minimal sample size for this study will be 197 (n=197). CFA and SEM will be run on the data for testing hypotheses. Reliability statistics of the scale will be conducted by using Cronbach's Alpha, EFA.Findings – The findings of this study will help tourism organizations and marketers in Vietnam recognize that the use of eWOM by travelers in selecting a green travel destination is becoming a significant trend

Typology of Indian Domestic Tourists: Clustering Based on Motives to Visit

The study aims to segment domestic tourists and understand the differences across these segments. It adopts an empirical approach and seeks to provide implications relevant to marketers. The literature review indicates that research on the motivational factors of domestic tourists needs to be more comprehensive. The study was carried out on a sample frame of domestic tourist respondents. Data were collected from 456 respondents by using a survey approach. An adapted questionnaire has been used to collect the data. The study uses the SPSS software to apply the K-mean cluster analysis to determine the most appropriate number of clusters, and travel motivation scores were calculated. The results indicate three prime segments among domestic tourists: self-enhancers, pleasure tourists and sensation seekers. The motivational factors driving these segments hold far-reaching marketing implications for tourism marketers. The study’s findings will help tourism marketers design an appropriate marketing strategy to attract tourists.

Does destination advertisement affect travel motivation, emotion regulation, and visit intention formation?

Does destination advertisement affect travel motivation, emotion regulation, and visit intention formation?

Motivation of Travelers as a Driving Factor of Event Attendance in Creating Interest in Returns Visits Mediated by Visitor Satisfaction

This study aims to determine and analyze tourist motivation as a driving factor for event attendance in creating repeat visitation intention mediated by visitor satisfaction. The method in this study uses quantitative methods. The population used in this study were visitors to a cultural event at the Branjang Tourism Village held in October 2021, the sample was selected using convenience accidental sampling. Based on the study's results, the first hypothesis is accepted, which means there is an influence. There is tourist motivation so that the wider community is willing to attend (event attendance) in the Branjangan cultural title. Hypothesis 2 is accepted, which means that it is influential; the community attending the event (event attendance) will contribute to visitor satisfaction with the Branjangan Culture Title. Hypothesis 3 is rejected, which means that it has no effect; event attendance does not affect increasing the public's interest in revisiting the next Branjangan Culture Event. Hypothesis 4 is accepted which means that it is influential, this means that the more visitors feel satisfied with the event, the more it will increase the interest of the community to revisit the Branjangan Culture Event. It can be concluded that event attendance will affect their Satisfaction. Furthermore, visitors who feel satisfied will have an impact on their interest in visiting again at the upcoming Branjangan Culture Exhibition event.

Travel Constraints, Trust, Travel Motivation and Travel Intention :

The limitation of traveling refers to individual limitations; namely, interpersonal and intrapersonal constraints. However, trust shapes the traveler’s confidence to travel. Furthermore, travelers need motivation as their push factor to appeal their interest in traveling. This study aims to explore the relationship between travel constraints and trust on travel intention and travel motivation as the mediating variable. The sample was determined by using purposive sampling on Indonesia’s travelers who travelled during the Covid-19 pandemic, from March 2020 to February 2021 using online questionnaire. Results indicated that the intrapersonal constraint had positive effects on travel intention and travel motivation. On the other hand, interpersonal constraints and trust did not affect travel intention nor travel motivation. Therefore, the research results imply a positive contribution to the collaborative development theories between Theory Planned Behavior and those related in tourism sector. Leaders in tourism business sectors could plan their marketing strategies in a fast-changing pace in the world such as, the crises of Covid-19 pandemic to bring people’s motivation out in order to be interested in traveling again although with several terms and conditions after the human mobility was curtailed.

Travel in my life: queer identity, travel motivation, resilience, life-satisfaction and wellbeing

ABSTRACT Tourism can enhance the wellbeing of the queer communities. Using identity-based motivation theory, this study proposes that queer identity and life-satisfaction influence travel motivation, psychological resilience, travel wellbeing, and tourist activity choice. This proposition is quantitatively tested on 473 queer Australians. Results suggest identity positively affects travel motivation but not psychological resilience. Travel motivation significantly influences psychological resilience, travel wellbeing, and tourist activity choice. Life-satisfaction positively influences travel motivation, psychological resilience, and travel wellbeing. These relationships highlight travel as an important means for building resilience and enhancing the wellbeing of queer people, having theoretical and managerial implications.

The experience I will remember: The role of tourist personality, motivation, and destination personality

Providing memorable experiences is considered very effective strategy for gaining a sustainable competitive advantage. Memorable tourism experience (MTE) is still a relatively novel concept, hence its antecedents and outcomes are not completely identified. The primary goal of this research was to explore tourist personality and travel motivation as antecedents and the perceived destination personality, satisfaction, and revisit intention as outcomes of an MTE. The study was conducted on a sample of 614 foreign visitors to three biggest urban destinations in Serbia (Belgrade, Novi Sad, and Nis). For testing hypothesis, SEM (structural equation modelling) was applied. The results show that personality trait openness to experience and motivational factor knowledge and experience showed the strongest influence on MTEs. Also, all seven dimensions of memorable experience affected perceived destination personality. Practical implications and potential future research approaches are also highlighted in the conclusion.

Motivation and Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction in Active Travel to Different Destinations: A Cluster Analysis with Adolescents Living in Germany.

Active travel in adolescence contributes to improved health outcomes. Self-Determination Theory suggests that motivation and basic psychological needs influence travel behavior. Person-centered approaches can examine interrelationships of these constructs underlying travel behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate (i) which clusters can be identified in adolescents, (ii) whether clusters explain overall active travel behavior, (iii) whether clusters were associated with travel mode to various destinations or distance, and (iv) whether differences across clusters appear regarding sex/gender, age, and weight status. The sample included 517 (263 male, 254 female) adolescents from Germany, aged 11-15. Self-organizing maps analysis identified six clusters from nine input variables: intrinsic motivation, integrated regulation, identified regulation, introjected regulation, external regulation, amotivation, autonomy satisfaction, competence satisfaction, and relatedness satisfaction. The most beneficial cluster regarding active travel demonstrated highest basic psychological needs satisfaction and autonomous motivation with low controlled motivation and amotivation. The most vulnerable cluster was characterized by generally low levels of motivation except for external regulation and amotivation. Clusters were not associated with distance to school, friends/relatives, shopping facilities, or leisure facilities. The findings support the importance of high quality and high quantity of motivation for active travel in adolescents.

The new ecotourists of the 21st century: Brunei as a case study

Literature often describes the archetypical ecotourists as well-educated, and financially secure, coming from the “Western” Baby Boomer with strong convictions on the need for the conservation of nature and indigenous cultures. Today, traveling is made affordable for the mass coming from diverse nationalities, particularly of the younger generation, who are eager to experience disappearing cultures and nature. Although they appear to share traits of the ecotourists, are they truly the younger generations of ecotourists or do they seek out similar destination sites but for different reasons? Our research is the first attempt to answer this question. The paper aims to redefine the archetypical ecotourists in a market dominated by generations X, Y, and Z. The study involved survey questionnaires administered to 237 respondents living in Brunei coming from multiple generations comparing their attitudes, travel motivations, interests, and behaviour. A stratified-convenience sampling method was used to distribute the questionnaire to capture equal numbers of respondents in the three different generation groups. The data reveals some degree of incongruency between the younger generations of ecotourists and of the old archetypes. We found that the new ecotourists deviate in ideology and value. The new ecotourists are more inclined towards hedonism, social approval and popular culture. The differences in archetype have implications for tourism planning in general, and ecotourism in particular.

Vacation vengeance: an interpretive phenomenological analysis of revenge travel in India

PurposeAfter each of the COVID-19-induced lockdowns, an unprecedented surge in leisure travel was observed, resulting in tourists flocking to places of tourist interest. This phenomenon was termed revenge travel in popular literature. The purpose of this study is to explore the phenomenon of revenge travel in detail through an academic lens. It examines the psychological and emotional motivations for revenge travel while studying the differences in travel behaviour pre- and post-pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe study applies an interpretive phenomenological approach to explore post-pandemic travel behaviour. Data were collected via personal in-depth semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis of the transcripts was conducted to arrive at discussion themes.FindingsDrawing on the established theories, the findings of the study indicate that lockdown fatigue coupled with mortality salience induced individuals towards leisure travel. This in turn led to mood alleviation and compensation for the deprivation undergone.Practical implicationsThe study reveals important insights into post-pandemic preferences of travel destinations (off-beat locations near urban clusters), accommodation options (more travellers choosing home stays and stand-alone properties) and vacation itineraries (a gradual shift towards slow tourism with more focus on immersive experiences). Further, there are indications that hotels may develop “workcations” and “staycations” as a new line of offering.Originality/valueThe study adds to the small body of knowledge on revenge travel. It adopts a phenomenological approach, thereby capturing the “lived experiences” of the participants and providing an in-depth look into the psychological and emotional motivations of revenge travel that have not been explored previously. The study provides insights into the travellers' psychology post a period of withdrawal and restraint.

Gastronomy as a motivation for travel: A study of gastronomic tourism in the city of João Pessoa-PB

Since the Italian Renaissance, and with the other tourism segments, culture continues to be one main motivations for travel. Gastronomic tourism, as a facet of cultural tourism that brings authenticity and experience, is a niche that has emerged as a motivation in the choice of destination by the new tourist profiles. Given that João Pessoa is a tourist city, the aim of this work was to identify whether gastronomic tourism plays an important role in attracting tourists to the city. Bibliographic and documentary research was carried out, using a quantitative approach for the data analysis. As a data collection instrument, a survey was used, interviewing sixty-six tourists in person, in September 2019. The results show that the highest percentage of tourists interviewed is 60 years of age or older, and is motivated by leisure travel. As regards the interest related to experience/gastronomic tourism, it was found that this is not a motivation for visiting the destination João Pessoa; however, there is a desire to try the local gastronomy. In this context, there is a need for managers of enterprises, and those responsible for publicizing João Pessoa, to focus on associating the gastronomic potential as a strategy for attracting potential tourists to the destination.

Behavioural intentions through virtual reality from a destination image perspective

PurposeThis study aims to investigate potential tourists’ behaviour regarding visiting and recommending a destination based on an image derived from a virtual reality (VR) model, including motivations for travel and place attachment.Design/methodology/approachThe study had two phases and used both qualitative and quantitative methodological approaches. The qualitative approach consisted of a focus group conducted to obtain the most important attributes of the destination image. The quantitative approach, which consisted of a self-administered questionnaire, was distributed to all the participants following a VR experience to provide data to empirically test the hypotheses proposed in the conceptual model.FindingsMotivations for travel positively influence the image of a destination in both its cognitive and affective dimensions. Also, the cognitive dimension of destination image influences affective dimension of destination image and both dimensions affect overall destination image. Moreover, destination image, cognitive dimension and affective dimensions influence place dependence and identity. In turn, place dependence and place identity positively influence intention to visit the destination, but not intention to recommend it. Finally, intention to recommend the destination is positively influenced by the intention to visit the destination.Research limitations/implicationsDue to the complexity of the overall experience, the sample was selected purposefully, and all participants belong to Generation Z. Extending this study to other generations would also be valuable.Originality/valueAlthough the utility of VR for tourism marketing purposes has been one of the most researched areas during recent years, factors that could encourage tourists to visit destinations previously displayed in VR are not yet identified.

Why do Japanese people visit hot springs during a pandemic? A psychographic segmentation analysis

An increasing number of tourism studies are focusing on travel anxiety, fear, and worry, especially in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explored the impact of worry on individuals' intentions to visit Japanese hot springs (onsen) during the COVID-19 pandemic. A market survey (N = 1042) was conducted in Tokyo. Psychographic segmentation based on exploratory factor analysis was used to group Japanese respondents. Three separate segments emerged as a result: Concerned Visitors, Carefree Visitors, and Trusting Visitors; these segments were based on perceived threat intensity, perceived infectability, response efficacy, self-efficacy, and crowded perception and attitude. These segments were then profiled using factors based on demographic information and visit intention under three criteria: a) without external travel incentives, b) with an attractive travel package, or c) discounts provided by the national Go to Travel campaign. Both attractive package prices and discounts provided by Go to Travel had a small effect on boosting visit intention. Notably, a carefree attitude toward COVID-19 did not increase visit intention and should not be considered a factor that may increase the number of people visiting onsen. Meanwhile, marital status and household composition significantly impacted intention to visit. The segments differed significantly by age, marital status, and family composition, but not gender. A better understanding of market segments is critical for hot spring destinations. Trusting visitors can be motivated to visit through external incentives. Although visiting onsen is not the main travel motive of Carefree Visitors, they might be encouraged to visit if campaigns contain vouchers for visits at their selected travel destination. The risk perceptions of Concerned Visitors might be lowered by the limiting visitor numbers, providing discounts during off-peak hours, or to onsen towns in remote locations are encouraged. Promotional material can highlight if rooms offer private pools or tubs. The motivation of visiting onsen for social activities has been lost significantly among all respondents, and offering group discounts is discouraged.

Health and Wellness Tourists’ Motivation and Behavior Intention: The Role of Perceived Value

In recent years, with the rapid change of people's health concept, health and wellness tourism has shown a vigorous development trend. However, existing literature has been lacking on travelers' behavioral intentions, influenced by their motivation in health and wellness tourism. To fill in this gap, we designed scales of tourists' behavioral intention and motivation in health and wellness tourism and investigated the aforementioned effects, with a sample of 493 visitors who have traveled in health and wellness tourism. Factor analysis and structural equation models were applied to explore the relations among motivation, perceived value, and behavioral intention in health and wellness tourism. The results indicate that health and wellness tourists' motivation significantly positively predicts their behavior intentions. Travelers' perceived value of health and wellness tourism significantly partially mediates the associations between their behavioral intention and escape motivation, attractive motivation, environmental motivation, as well as interpersonal motivation. No empirical evidence supports the mediating role of perceived value in the correlation between consumption motivation and behavioral intention. Health and wellness tourism industries are encouraged to meet the intrinsic motivation of travelers and make them perceive the value of this kind of tourism, which in turn promotes tourists' choice, evaluation, and satisfaction of health and wellness tourism.

Travel motives and constraints affecting student participation in a proposed study tour

ABSTRACT While experiential learning activities undertaken through study tours are a valuable component of undergraduate student training, not all students seek to participate. This paper addresses the lack of investigations into reasons for participating in study tours by higher-education students, especially among prospective study tour participants. Seven independent variables were first tested for their influence on likelihood of attendance at an International Food Expo using a sample of 315 students. In addition, an open-ended question solicited 10,000 words for thematic analysis to shed further insights on reactions to study tour participation during the COVID-19 crisis. The results show that accessibility, friendship norms, personal interest, social approval, and perceived travel risk significantly influenced the likelihood of Food Expo attendance. In turn, the qualitative data revealed deeper insights into issues of emotional anxiety, subjective norms and normative behavior. The study has implications for study tour organizers beyond Covid-19.

Food, Delicatessen, and Beverage Souvenir Shopping: The Role of Travel Experience, Trip Purpose, and Destination

Shopping is an important activity of the tourist experience—for example, as a vehicle for sense making, status and identity building, and making connections to the local culture. Purchasing food and beverages as souvenirs to bring home has always been an important part of this activity. The aim of this article is to analyze the influence of destination image, tourists' prior travel experience, and tourists' trip purpose on tourists' food, delicatessen, and beverage souvenir shopping. Tourists' personal income is also included in the research model. This quantitative study examined 405 Swedish tourists traveling to the UK and Spain. Drawing on the sophistication process of tourists, research on destination image, travel motives, and trip purpose, the results show that the most important factors explaining food and beverage souvenir shopping while on vacation are tourists' general travel experience and personal income. These findings both confirm and contradict previous research on tourists' souvenir shopping.

Going solo during the pandemic: a generational segmentation of solo female travellers

ABSTRACT This paper is driven both by a growing appetite for solo female travel; as well as a knowledge gap in the market and literature. The aim is to identify generational differences in women's solo travel motivations, characterize the generational differences in their preferred destination attributes, and ascertain any generational differences in their perceived inhibiting factors to travelling solo post the COVID-19 pandemic. By using the push–pull framework theory as the overarching framework, a survey was administered and 1576 responses from experienced solo female travellers were analysed. The findings revealed the different generations of solo female travellers and their distinctive travel needs (push factor/motivation, pull factor/destination preference, and inhibiting factors/risk & constraint) during the COVID pandemic.

The Influence of Religiousity and Destination Image with Travel Motivation as an Intervening Variable to Intention to Visit on Umrah Travel Agents

This study aims at determining and analyzing the positive and significant influence between the variables of religiosity and destination image on the intention to visit Umrah through travel motivation as an intervening variable in the travel agent PT. Alfa Kaza Mustika. This research uses quantitative methods. The population in this study are all Umrah travel agent PT. Alfa Kaza Mustika, while the sample used is 220 respondents. In taking samples using non-probability sampling technique. The sampling technique used is a questionnaire technique using the Likert scale method. This study employs SEM-PLS with the help of Smart PLS software for the data analysis technique. The results of the study show that there is a positive and significant effect of a direct relationship between religiosity and destination image on travel motivation and intention to visit as well as an indirect relationship between religiosity and destination image on intention to visit through travel motivation.

The Socio-Psychological and Cultural Motives of ASEAN Tourist

This study aimed to examine the level of motives of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) tourists in terms of Socio-psychological motives and Cultural motives based on the responses of ASEAN tourists. The research used descriptive method in assessing the factors affecting the decision making of ASEAN tourist to travel based on the theory of Ap and Crompton. The study used modified questionnaire designed to obtain socio-psychological and cultural motives. The research concluded that the level of ASEAN travel motivation is very high, it indicates that the ASEAN Tourists has a very high travel motive. There is no significant difference in Travel Motives of ASEAN tourist when analyzed according to the profile of respondents. Socio-Psychological Motives or Push Factors were perceived as Moderately Important, suggesting that ASEAN must improve the tourist attractions and sustain the affordable cost for living and education. Further, local government should sustain the economic and tourism stability for foreign investors.

New Normal Tourism Behavior of Free Independent Travelers in the Covid-19 Pandemic

Purpose: This research intended to investigate the motivation and behavior of free independent travelers (FITs) who traveled to Southern Thailand in the Covid-19 pandemic. Theoretical framework: Studies on tourist motivation and behavior would provide more insightful implications and Covid-19 safeguards for tourism businesses especially in Southern Thailand – a dominant destination for domestic tourism demand. Design/methodology/approach: Data was collected from 400 domestic FITs using a questionnaire survey, processed in SPSS software, and analyzed with descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and One-way ANOVA. Findings: The highest level of overall pull and push motivations of domestic FITs while traveling to Southern Thailand. The highest level of pull motivation identified in this study was a promotional scheme, called “WE TRAVEL TOGETHER” the government-subsidized 40% of accommodation expenses to increase tourism demand. Research, Practical & Social implications: Comparative responses to SHA Plus standard between domestic and international tourists using both qualitative and quantitative data from all stakeholders involved would provide a variety of insightful and beneficial perspectives on NNT in the Covid-19 pandemic. Originality/value: CCSA should pay more attention on this particular behavior of tourists which might easily spread the disease to others. Everyone should be more aware of this risk and show their greater responsible practice in society.