Traumatic Events Research Articles

Mapping the exposome of mental health: exposome-wide association study of mental health outcomes among UK Biobank participants.

Dissecting the exposome linked to mental health outcomes can help identify potentially modifiable targets to improve mental well-being. However, the multiplicity of exposures and the complexity of mental health phenotypes pose a challenge that requires data-driven approaches. Guided by our previous systematic approach, we conducted hypothesis-free exposome-wide analyses to identify factors associated with 7 psychiatric diagnostic domains and 19 symptom dimensions in 157,298 participants from the UK Biobank Mental Health Survey. After quality control, 294 environmental, lifestyle, behavioral, and economic variables were included. An Exposome-Wide Association Study was conducted per outcome in two equally split datasets. Variables associated with each outcome were then tested in a multivariable model. Across all diagnostic domains and symptom dimensions, the top three exposures were childhood adversities and traumatic events. Cannabis use was associated with common psychiatric disorders (depressive, anxiety, psychotic, and bipolar manic disorders), with ORs ranging from 1.10 to 1.79 in the multivariable models. Additionally, differential associations were identified between specific outcomes-such as neurodevelopmental disorders, eating disorders, and self-harm behaviors-and exposures, including early life experiences (being adopted), lifestyle (time spent using computers), and dietary habits (vegetarian diet). This comprehensive mapping of the exposome revealed that several factors, particularly in the domains of those previously well-studied were shared across mental health phenotypes, providing further support for transdiagnostic pathoetiology. Our findings also showed that distinct relations might exist. Continued exposome research through multimodal mechanistic studies guided by the transdiagnostic mental health framework is required to better inform public health policies.

Multi-level socioeconomic modifiers of the comorbidity of post-traumatic stress and tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use: the importance of income.

Post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptoms are highly comorbid with substance use (i.e., alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis). Few studies have investigated potential individual-, household-, and neighborhood-level socioeconomic effect modifiers of this comorbidity in longitudinal analyses. We aim to examine interactions between this multi-level environment and PTS symptoms on future substance use behaviors. Data were drawn from the Advancing Understanding of RecOvery afteR traumA (AURORA) study, including 2943 individuals who presented to the emergency department (ED) within 72 h of a traumatic event. Frequency of tobacco, alcohol, cannabis use, and PTS symptoms were reported at 6 timepoints. Mixed effect Poisson models, clustered by state, were used to generate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) substance use, both cross-sectionally and prospectively. Moderation analysis of PTS and substance use, stratified by household income and area deprivation index (ADI), was conducted using mixed effect models and parallel process growth curves. Significant associations were observed between PTS with tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use frequency cross-sectionally, and for tobacco and alcohol and PTS exposure prospectively. Lower income (P < 0.001) and higher deprivation (P < 0.001) were associated with tobacco use, while higher income (P < 0.001) and less deprivation (P = 0.01) were associated with increased alcohol use. We found modest modification by household income for alcohol and tobacco, and little evidence of modification by neighborhood ADI. Household income had greater evidence of effect modification for substance use, compared to neighborhood-level ADI. Our findings demonstrate that household indicators of socioeconomic status likely modify the relationship between PTS and substance use.

Exposures to potentially psychologically traumatic events: A national study of correctional workers in Canadian provinces and territories.

The knowledge is growing about how exposure to potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTEs) among provincial and territorial correctional workers in Canada affects their mental health. In the present national study, we examine the frequencies at which correctional workers (n = 3,740) in diverse occupational roles across all provinces and territories are exposed to different PPTEs. Using robustly established self-report measures in surveys of each provincial and territorial correctional system, participants were grouped into consistent occupational categories to allow for comparisons and measurements of PPTE exposure and mental health disorder prevalence. Nearly all correctional workers were exposed to most PPTE types, across all employment jurisdictions (M = 9.74, SD = 4.24). The most prevalent PPTE exposure type was physical assault (88.5%), followed by exposure to a sudden violent death (81.1%), sudden accidental death (76.8%), and assault with a weapon (76.0%). The least prevalent PPTE exposure types were combat (25.5%); serious injury, harm, or death you caused to someone else (28.0%); and captivity (35.4%). Most PPTE exposures were related to statistically significantly increased odds of screening positive for various mental health disorders, evidencing correctional workers are frequently experiencing injurious psychological traumas associated with mental health disorder symptoms. We discuss our results in the context of correctional worker wellness and conclude with recommendations for policies to address mental health treatment and resource gaps in correctional services. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Personal Versus Work-Related Trauma: Mental Health Nurse PTG Change from Resilience-Building Program

Mental health nurses are exposed to potentially traumatic events at work (e.g. verbal and physical abuse) and are also likely to experience potentially traumatic events in their personal lives. Exposure to potentially traumatic events can negatively impact physical and mental health but can also be a catalyst for posttraumatic growth (PTG). Methods of facilitating PTG have yet to be adequately explored in mental health nurses. The Promoting Resilience in Nurses (PRiN) © program was developed to promote resilience and PTG in mental health nurses. The current study aimed to understand whether exposure to personal or work-related trauma and participation in PRiN impacted changes in PTG over time. Data from a subsample (N = 62) of mental health nurses participating in a larger randomized controlled trial of PRiN were analyzed using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test and a multiple regression on PTG change scores. The results indicated that although personal trauma was rated as significantly more severe than work-related trauma, nurses exposed to work-related trauma had significantly improved PTG change compared to nurses exposed to a personal trauma. Additionally, those that participated in the PRiN program had significantly more positive PTG change over time in comparison to controls. Therefore, resilience-building interventions with a PTG component may be suitable for mental health nurses exposed to workplace trauma, and mental health nurses exposed to personal trauma should be offered additional support. Further research is needed to understand the combined or cumulative effect of personal and work-related trauma on the PTG of mental health nurses.

Explaining resilience in response to potential traumatic event: Sense of coherence and trajectories of anxiety during COVID-19.

Longitudinal studies have shown that most individuals can stay well in response to potential traumatic events (PTEs). However, the mechanisms underlying such resilience are still unclear. This study integrates Bonanno's resilience model (Bonanno, 2004) with the salutogenic approach (Antonovsky, 1979) to investigate the association between anxiety trajectories and sense of coherence (SOC). Data were collected from 526 (279 males) Israeli adults via online questionnaires at seven time points between March 2020 and February 2022, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Latent profile analysis identified four anxiety trajectories: (a) resilience (consistently low symptom levels), (b) chronic (consistently elevated symptoms), (c) improving (initially elevated symptoms decreasing over time), and (d) high resilience (sustained absence of anxiety symptoms), providing partial support for Bonanno's model. As expected, SOC significantly differentiated these trajectories, with the "high-resilience" group exhibiting the strongest SOC, followed by the "resilience" and "improving" groups, while the chronic group displayed the weakest SOC levels. This research underscores SOC as a key predictor of anxiety trajectories in navigating PTEs, shedding light on the importance of individual resilience factors in managing adversity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Partial tear of the medial gastrocnemius head : Acase report of meniscal symptoms in a32-year-old recreational athlete.

This case report presents the clinical findings and management of a32-year-old male recreational athlete who presented with ongoing knee pain for 4months, without ahistory of trauma. The patient experienced intermittent pain during walking, particularly after prolonged periods of sitting, and exhibited positive findings on meniscus tests. However, he was able to participate in sports activities without pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed apartial tear of the medial gastrocnemius head, confirming the diagnosis. Conservative treatment, including rest, physical therapy, and agradual return to sports activities, led to significant symptom improvement. This case highlights the importance of considering rare injuries, such as isolated tears of the medial gastrocnemius head, in patients with persistent knee pain and meniscal symptoms, even in the absence of traumatic events. Previous reports on this specific injury are sparse, indicating its rarity and underscoring the need for further understanding and documentation.

Observational and Genetic Analyses of Traumatic Experiences and Endometriosis

Although psychological traumas have been associated with endometriosis, limited information is available regarding the role of trauma type and genetic predisposition. To examine the relationship between traumatic experiences and endometriosis using observational and genetically informed analyses. For this case-control study, the analyses were performed between May 13, 2023, and September 30, 2024. Genotypic and phenotypic information was combined from UK Biobank individual-level data (up to 8276 patients with endometriosis and 240 117 female controls) with genome-wide information available from a large meta-analysis (European ancestry: 21 779 patients and 449 087 female controls; East Asian ancestry: 1713 patients and 1581 female controls) and the FinnGen cohort (16 588 patients and 111 583 female controls of European descent). Phenotypic associations via multiple regression; latent-class analysis (LCA) to investigate the co-occurrence patterns of different traumatic experiences in endometriosis cases and controls; genetic correlation and polygenic risk scoring (PRS) analyses to assess pleiotropy linking traumatic events to endometriosis. Up to 8276 women with endometriosis (mean [SD] age, 53.2 [13.0] years) and 240 117 female controls (mean [SD] age, 56.5 [9.6] years) were investigated in the study. Women with endometriosis were more likely to report childhood and adulthood traumatic experiences and stressful events (eg, contact trauma odds ratio [OR], 1.28; 95% CI, 1.02-1.26). Our LCA highlighted the association of endometriosis with emotional and physical trauma (225 [8%] vs 3948 [5%]; P < 2.2 × 10-16) and sexual trauma (414 [5%] vs 3158 [4%]; P = 2.9 × 10-3). Unaffected women (controls) were more likely assigned to the "no trauma" latent class (563 [20%] vs 18 949 [24%]; P = 7.4 × 10-14). Our genetic correlation (rg) analyses linked endometriosis to multiple trauma-related outcomes, including posttraumatic stress disorder (meta-analysis rg = 0.31, P = 7.1 × 10-16; FinnGen rg = 0.26, P = 4.7 × 10-15) and childhood maltreatment (meta-analysis rg = 0.23, P = 1.3 × 10-6; FinnGen rg = 0.16, P = 1 × 10-4). Endometriosis PRS was associated with increased odds of the disease (β = 0.31, P < 2.2 × 10-16), but no interaction was observed with different types of trauma events. The present study comprehensively investigated the impact of childhood and adulthood traumatic experiences and stressful events on endometriosis. In particular, our findings highlight the potential association between contact traumas and endometriosis, which appears to be independent of the disease genetic predisposition.

The recovery and retraction of memories of abuse: a scoping review

People who claim to have been abused sometimes retract these claims at a later point in time. Research on these so-called ‘retractors’ might provide critical insights into the processes involved in the recovery and retraction of traumatic memories. However, the literature on this topic is highly diverse in terms of, for example, methodology. Hence, the aim of the current scoping review was to amass the available literature on retractors and identify key themes. We identified 17 articles on the topic of retractors ranging from empirical studies to critical commentaries. A central theme that arose from the literature was the influence of therapy in the recovery of potentially false memories. That is, retractors noted that therapists frequently believed that they harboured unconscious repressed memories of abuse which had to be recovered during therapy. Furthermore, retractors repudiated their claims of abuse for various reasons such as physical evidence implying that their memory was false. Also, retraction took longer that the initial recovery of memories of abuse. Finally, after recantation, retractors’ memories varied considerably in terms of belief and recollection of the traumatic event with some accounts qualifying as nonbelieved memories. This review offers critical knowledge of a rather understudied population providing further insight in how traumatic events can sometimes be misremembered.

Sleep duration in adolescence buffers the impact of childhood trauma on anxiety and depressive symptoms

BackgroundChildhood trauma is a pervasive issue contributing to adverse mental health outcomes. Obtaining optimal sleep supports healthy development and protects against mood-related disorders. Whether sleep serves as a potential buffer between trauma and adverse mental health outcomes holds promise for informing targeted interventions and prevention for adolescents.MethodsData were drawn from the baseline assessment of a randomised controlled trial of a mental health prevention program. A total sample of 752 adolescents completed an online, self-report survey in 2023. Participants were students (Mage=13.8 years), attending independent schools in Australia and comprised of 37% girls and 60% boys. Australian sleep guidelines were used to dichotomise nightly sleep duration into whether adolescents met, or did not meet, the sleep guidelines for their age. Mixed-effects linear regression was used to examine whether sleep moderated the association between trauma and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and mental wellbeing.ResultsThe majority of participants (82%) reported exposure to at least one traumatic event. The mean number of traumatic events was 1.8. Trauma was independently associated with higher depressive and anxiety symptoms and lower mental wellbeing scores. Those reporting exposure to one or more traumatic events were more likely to report difficulties falling asleep and less likely to report meeting nightly sleep duration guidelines. We found a significant interaction between meeting nightly sleep duration guidelines and any trauma exposure on depressive and anxiety scores, such that depression and anxiety symptoms were lower in trauma-exposed adolescents who met sleep duration guidelines compared to those who did not meet sleep guidelines.ConclusionsObtaining optimal amounts of sleep each night may help mitigate anxiety and depressive symptoms for non-clinical adolescents exposed to trauma, however, longitudinal research is needed to confirm the directionality of the relationships between trauma, sleep, and mental health symptoms. Future research should examine the effectiveness of public health interventions targeting sleep behaviours in adolescents to promote mental wellbeing.

Relationship between purposeful rumination and post-traumatic growth of college students who experienced childhood trauma: a regulated intermediary model

Background The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between positive coping and posttraumatic growth in trauma patients, and the mediating role of positive coping and the moderating role of social understanding support. Methods 811 college students aged 18-28 with traumatic experience were selected as the research objects through the questionnaire of life-long experience of traumatic events. The survey covered many provinces in China. The purposive Rumination Scale, posttraumatic growth scale, positive coping scale and social understanding rating scale were used to investigate. Results Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between purposeful rumination, positive coping and posttraumatic growth. Regression analysis showed that purposeful rumination had a significant direct effect on posttraumatic growth (β=0.148, p&lt;0.001). The mediation model showed that positive coping and social understanding support played a chain mediating role between purposeful rumination and posttraumatic growth, and social understanding support played a moderating role between positive coping and posttraumatic growth. Further simple slope analysis showed that when perceived social support was high, purposeful rumination did not significantly predict posttraumatic growth; When perceived social support was low, purposeful rumination had a significant positive predictive effect on posttraumatic growth, indicating that the predictive effect of purposeful rumination on posttraumatic growth gradually increased with the decrease of perceived social support. Conclusion This study reveals the complex relationship between purposeful rumination, positive coping, social understanding support and post-traumatic growth, and provides a new perspective for understanding the psychological recovery process of trauma sufferers.

Failing to express emotion on 911 calls triggers suspicion through violating expectations and moral typecasting.

Coming to suspect that someone has engaged in wrongdoing based on their unexpected behavior is a common phenomenon-yet, little is known about what triggers initial suspicion. We investigated how violating expectations for high emotionality during a traumatic event can trigger suspicion that one has engaged in immoral-or even criminal-activity through moral typecasting. Five studies demonstrate this theory in a criminal context with dire real-world consequences: 911 callers reporting violent crimes generating suspicion by exhibiting unexpected behavior, which could trigger confirmation bias in investigations leading to wrongful convictions. Using both real and tightly controlled simulated 911 calls, we demonstrated that failing to express the expected level of emotion on a 911 call reporting a violent crime led laypeople and police to morally typecast the caller as more of a moral agent capable of perpetrating immoral acts and less of a moral patient capable of being the victim of immoral acts-ultimately increasing suspicion that they were involved in the crime and support for treating them as a suspect. We advance moral psychological theory by demonstrating that failing to express expected levels of emotion about a moral violation can shape moral inferences about someone's capacity to commit versus be the victim of moral wrongs, thereby generating suspicion that they might have engaged in wrongdoing. We demonstrated this theory in criminal settings to explain how one tragedy can become two: altruistic witnesses calling 911 to plead for help on behalf of another person becoming suspects of the crime they reported because they failed to exhibit the expected emotional demeanor. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

International study of the perceived stress and psychological impact of the 7 October attacks on Holocaust survivors

ABSTRACT Objective: The terrorist attacks of 7 October 2023 in southern Israel had a significant impact on the mental health of Holocaust Survivors (HS), who are considered to be particularly vulnerable to traumatic events. The aim of the study was to assess the severity of perceived stress and the psychological impact of the 7 October attacks on HS. Methods: The study was conducted from 30 October to 15 December 2023 among HS who were contacted through HS support organisations (OSE, Aloumim). They completed a questionnaire consisting of four sections: socio-demographic data and experiences during the Holocaust, assessment of psychological stress using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), feelings of isolation, health consequences, and reactions to the 7 October attacks. Results: 171 HS completed the questionnaire with 61 males (35.7%) with a mean age of 86.6+/−4.4 years (min 79–max 97). 59.6%, lived outside Israel, mainly in France. The mean score on the PSS-10 was 17.7 +/−6.0 on a scale of 5 to 40. The average PSS 10 score is not significantly higher in cases of age ≤90 years (18.0 ± 6.0 vs 15.7 ± 6.4, NS), or for those living in Israel (17.2 ± 5.3 vs 18.1 ± 6.6, NS). About a quarter reported feelings of isolation or loneliness following the attacks. The impact of the 7 October attacks was particularly significant among those living outside Israel. Approximately two-thirds felt that the events had rekindled memories of their Holocaust experiences, and nearly one-third observed a decline in their health since the attacks. Among survivors living outside Israel, 86.6% expressed concern about the future safety and identity of their children and grandchildren as Jews. Conclusion: Identifying Holocaust survivors (HS) who are experiencing psychological distress is crucial to providing them with appropriate therapy.

Differential outcomes: early marriage, marital identity and mental health of displaced female youth in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq

ABSTRACT Little is known about the mental health and well-being outcomesfor females that marry under-age in conflict and displacement settings. Even less is known about how such outcomes differ based on marital experience and marital identity. To explore these gaps and relationships empirically, a cohort of 63 female youth between the ages of 14 and 24 was followed for 27 months using predominantly qualitative and participatory methods. The sample was comprised of Syrian refugees, internally displaced Yazidis, and conflict-affected Iraqi Arabs in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Results indicate that regardless of marital status, female youth experienced a high number of traumatic events stemming from the conflict, family, and community, which significantly impacted their mental health and well-being. This was further impacted by the on-going stressors of living with gender inequality, deprivation and in displacement. Marital identities led to differential mental health and well-being outcomes. Females that married early had poor outcomes if they experienced abuse or if they had been forcibly married. Divorced and widowed female youth had uniformly very high levels of psychological distress, as did those who were unmarried and living with disabilities. Female youth who showed the most positive mental health and well-being outcomes were unmarried, and actively pursuing their educational and career aspirations with the support of their families. At the same time, married youth that had expanded their opportunities (economic, social, movement, educational, legal status) through their marriages also reported positive mental health. Findings indicate that Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Services (MHPSS) are urgently needed for female youth in conflict and displacement, and that these services should take into account marital identity. Findings also indicate that the relationship between conflict, early marriage, and mental health is not unidimensional and requires a more subtle and nuanced analysis by key stakeholders in order to design appropriate and effective interventions.

A Preliminary Investigation of Associations Between Traumatic Events Experienced During Pregnancy and Salivary Diurnal Cortisol Levels of Brazilian Adolescent Mothers and Infants.

Interpersonal violence against women is a major global health problem that may have intergenerational effects. This study investigated associations between maternal experiences of interpersonal violence and other traumatic events and maternal and infant salivary diurnal cortisol in a cohort of adolescent mothers in São Paulo, Brazil. Adolescent mothers (14-19 years) participating in a home-visiting intervention were interviewed retrospectively about lifetime and pregnancy violence and trauma exposure. Mothers collected saliva at waking and before bedtime from themselves (n = 23) and their infants (n = 32) at 12 months postpartum. Multivariable regression models were used to examine associations between trauma history variables and salivary diurnal cortisol. Adjusting for the intervention group, infant sex, maternal age, non-supplement medication use, and sample collection time, we found that higher-than-average lifetime trauma exposure was associated with maternal evening cortisol (b = 0.472, p-value = 0.028). Lifetime assaultive violence exposure was also associated with maternal evening cortisol (b = 0.196, p-value = 0.02). Maternal exposure to traumatic events in pregnancy was positively associated with bedtime cortisol levels of infants (b = 0.21, p = 0.01). Trauma variables were not associated with maternal or infant morning cortisol levels. Results suggest that maternal trauma history influences both maternal and infant postnatal cortisol regulation as indexed by evening cortisol levels. These results are consistent with models of fetal programming; however, future studies should investigate potential postnatal psychobiological pathways. Lifetime trauma exposure may also become embedded in the maternal hypothalamic-adrenal-pituitary axis regulation. Future studies are needed to consider other biological pathways in the intergenerational transmission of trauma.

Psychological Distress, Resources, and Coping Strategies Among Evacuees and Non-Evacuees From an Armed Conflict Zone: A Network Analysis.

This study focuses on two groups: evacuees from Israel's southern and northern frontline communities following the October 7th Hamas attack, and individuals from regions not directly threatened. Using network analysis, we identified key associations and central nodes related to stress indicators (i.e., exposure to traumatic life events, physical health-related quality of life, anxiety, and depression) as well as personal resources (i.e., self-mastery and meaning in life), and coping strategies. The study included 221 evacuees and 145 non-evacuees (controls), recruited via iPanel, Israel's leading online research panel. Participants completed standardised self-report questionnaires. Evacuees exhibited higher levels of anxiety, depression, and traumatic life events, than did controls. Additionally, evacuees showed higher levels of problem-focused coping and a greater sense of meaning in life, along with lower physical health-related quality of life. Network analysis revealed that both groups had four sub-networks: 'personal state', 'psychological distress', 'resources', and 'coping'. However, the sub-networks' composition varied. Both groups shared similar sub-networks for 'coping' and 'personal state', but differed in 'psychological distress' and 'resources'. For the controls, dysfunctional coping strategies were part of 'psychological distress', whereas for evacuees, they were included in 'resources'. Additionally, meaning in life was more central among the controls, influencing the interaction between coping mechanisms, personal states, and psychological distress. For evacuees, physical health-related quality of life was more closely associated with the absence of negative factors-(i.e., anxiety, depression, traumatic experiences, and lower self-mastery)-rather than the presence of adaptive coping strategies and meaning in life. These differences highlight the vulnerability of evacuees and the central role of personal resources. Targeted interventions that foster resources such as self-mastery and meaning in life are vital for coping with the psychological distress associated with forced displacement.

641 Prevalence and impact of traumatic life events among black and white family members of ICU patients

641 Prevalence and impact of traumatic life events among black and white family members of ICU patients

The unfolding of psychological distress following the October 7 attack on Israel: The impact of exposure, gender, and event centrality.

Mass disasters, whether natural or human-made, pose significant public health challenges, with some individuals demonstrating resilience, whereas others experience persistent emotional distress that may meet diagnostic criteria for mental health disorders. We explored key risk factors for distress following the October 7, 2023, Hamas attacks on Israel, focusing on trauma exposure, gender, and event centrality. A longitudinal study design was used, assessing posttraumatic distress (PTSD), depression, generalized anxiety, event centrality, and functioning at approximately three (T1; n=858) and seven (T2, n=509) months post-attack. Replicating findings from war trauma literature, we documented a high comorbidity among PTSD, depression, and anxiety; greater distress in women; and a dose-response relationship between exposure and distress. Event centrality was consistently linked to distress at both time points. Extending the literature, we found that gender, exposure, and event centrality contributed to distress at each time point. Moreover, important gender-specific patterns of risk and distress were revealed. In addition, distress at T1, event centrality at T1, gender, and continuous exposure contributed to distress at T2. Whereas distress and event centrality remained stable, functioning improved significantly from T1 to T2, highlighting the different trajectories of distress and recovery. Personalized approaches and continuous monitoring of individuals exposed to cumulative trauma are highlighted. The importance of assessing multiple indices of trauma - distress, functioning, and meaning -to address mental health needs in the wake of mass disasters is emphasized.

Research progress on MXenes in polysaccharide-based hemostasis and wound healing: A review.

Traumatic events occur frequently in daily life, and hemostasis and infection prevention represent key challenges in trauma care. Polysaccharide-based materials (chitosan, cellulose, etc.) are widely used as hemostasis materials due to their excellent designability and biocompatibility. However, their insufficient antibacterial activity and limited hemostatic capabilities diminish their effectiveness in wound care. As emerging two-dimensional nanomaterials, MXene offers promising solutions to these limitations. With superior hydrophilicity, antibacterial properties and biocompatibility, MXene enhances the performance of polysaccharide-based hemostasis materials. This review summarizes the characteristics and synthesis methods of MXenes and outlines recent advances in MXene/polysaccharide composites for promoting wound healing by controlling bleeding and preventing infection. Additionally, we discuss the preparation methods, the mechanisms of action, and challenges in practical applications of MXene/polysaccharide composites, and propose future research directions. By integrating the advantages of MXenes and polysaccharides, we hope to provide a more effective solution for the research of polysaccharide-based hemostatic materials.

Beyond the Score: Exploring the Associations Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Electrophysiological Responses to Errors.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have diverse effects on physical development and mental health. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between the quantity of ACE exposure, type of ACE exposure, and subjective level of stress felt, correlated with event-related potential activity across the scalp, while controlling for relevant confounding variables. Fifty-three participants aged 18-32years completed questionnaires assessing their current mental health, self-regulation, childhood socioeconomic status, and history of traumatic events. Electroencephalographic activity was recorded while participants completed the Combined Attention Systems Task, a modified flanker task. Using cluster-corrected robust statistical approaches, significant relationships existed between the total number of ACEs, ACE type, the subjective impact of trauma, and amplitudes during the error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe) at various scalp locations. In the ERN time window, greater error-correct differences were associated with greater total ACEs, abuse, and other ACEs at C5, P9, and TP10/C1 clusters, respectively. In addition, reduced error-correct differences at cluster-maximal C2 during the timing of the Pe were related to experiencing greater numbers of total ACEs while increased error-correct differences at cluster-maximal FPz during the timing of the Pe were associated with greater numbers of other ACEs. The subjective impact of total number of ACEs was not associated with error-correct differences, however, the subjective impact of household dysfunction, abuse, and 'other' ACE types were linked to error-correct differences at various scalp locations and timings. Notably, increased, rather than decreased, subjective impact of household dysfunction was related to greater error-correct differentiation during the timing of the ERN, maximal at Cz. These results suggest that both ACE type and subjective rating are relevant to future outcomes. The effects extended beyond the ERN-affecting error-related positivity and later event-related potentials-indicating associations with the number, type, and subjective impact of ACEs across a larger time window and scalp topography.

Psychological Impact on the Patient With a History of Pregnancy Loss

Pregnancy loss is a traumatic event that deeply affects the mental health of women, predisposing them to the development of disorders such as perinatal grief, anxiety, post-traumatic stress and depression. This study aimed to evaluate the psychological impact on obstetric women with a history of pregnancy loss. An observational and prospective study was conducted at the UMAE Hospital de Gíneco-Obstetricia CMNO. Of the patients initially included, 51 completed the evaluation at the first and third month after the loss. Instruments such as the Perinatal Grief Scale, the Checklist for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and the Hamilton scales for depression and anxiety were applied. The results at the first month showed a high prevalence of active (98%) and complicated (94.1%) grief, along with anxiety (84.4%), post-traumatic stress (31.4%) and moderate depression (62.8%, according to the Hamilton scale). At three months, active grief persisted in 88.2% of patients, while depression remained in 60.8%, mostly at moderate levels. Anxiety was the most frequent disorder, presenting in 84.4% of patients with active grief. These findings highlight the need for an early and multidisciplinary psychological approach, especially for those women with active or complicated grief, given its strong association with other mental disorders.