Past Trauma Research Articles

Designing Educational Media about the Inner Child for Adolescents Using Digital Illustrated Books

Mental health issues are getting more attention since more people open themselves on social media related to psychological problems they experience. The problems they face are likely past traumas that carry over into adulthood. This paper is about designing an illustrated e-book that discusses the inner child or "little child" that exists in every human being. The design method used is The Design Method introduced by Eric Karjoluoto. The design process consists of four stages, namely discovery, planning, creativity, and application. Concept development using the 5W+1H technique. The result of the design is a concise, lightweight format e-book, consisting of 26 pages. The book outlines the Prologue – Characteristics of a wounded Inner child – Transition – How to heal a wounded Inner child – Conclusion – Transition – hook. The arrangement of book content aims to provide knowledge about what the inner child is, and what makes the inner child.

“Taking it day by day”: Maternity group homes in the lives of mothers aging out of foster care

BackgroundPregnant and parenting teens aging out of foster care, and their children are high-risk groups that require access to comprehensive services. Using a resilience framework, this study examined one mechanism to serve the population: maternity group homes. Despite interest in meeting the needs of these young families, little is known about maternity group home services and the impact for mothers and their children. ObjectiveThis study aimed to understand maternity home characteristics, strengths, and challenges from mothers’ and providers’ perspectives. MethodData were collected from qualitative interviews with maternity group home providers (N = 16) and young mothers aging out of foster care (N = 25) and analyzed using thematic analysis. ResultsFindings reflected four themes: (1) adversity, crisis, and rejection, (2) tension between useful programs and structured delivery, (3) unfulfilled aspirations for connections, and (4) slow progress towards independence. Mothers desired independent living skills, supportive relationships, and successful transitions to adulthood. Providers shared these goals for mothers. Past trauma, chronic adversity, and instability interfered with mothers’ ability to fully capitalize on maternity home programs. ConclusionMaternity homes are important resources for pregnant and parenting teens aging out of foster care. Yet, residency did not universally support mothers. Specifically, mothers living in maternity homes face high levels of adversity and instability which may interfere with their ability to harness protective factors. To improve outcomes, mothers may benefit from opportunities to gradually build trust and increase responsibility with extended stay eligibility to prepare for independent living.

"Sorry for laughing, but it's scary": humor and silence in discussions of Colorectal Cancer with Urban American Indians.

Given high rates of cancer mortality in Native communities, we examined how urban American Indian and Alaska Native elders talk about colorectal cancer (CRC) and CRC screening. We conducted seven focus groups with a total of 46 participants in two urban clinics in the Pacific Northwest to assess participant awareness, perceptions, and concerns about CRC and CRC screening. Using speech codes theory, we identified norms that govern when and how to talk about CRC in this population. Our analyses revealed that male participants often avoided screening because they perceived it as emasculating, whereas women often avoided screening because of embarrassment and past trauma resulting from sexual abuse. Both men and women used humor to mitigate the threatening nature of discussions about CRC and CRC screening. We offer our analytic results to assist others in developing culturally appropriate interventions to promote CRC screening among American Indians and Alaska Natives.

Precarity, agency and trust: vaccination decision-making in the context of the UK asylum system

Abstract Those living in initial asylum accommodation are at increased risk of vaccine-preventable disease, yet confidence in vaccination may be low. We aimed to understand vaccine confidence and decision-making among those going through the UK asylum system from a sociological perspective. In-depth semi-structured interviews were done on views and experiences around vaccination (09/2020-08/2021) with asylum seekers or those recently granted asylum (<10 yrs in UK). Interviews were conducted remotely, audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed through reflexive thematic analysis in NVivo 12. 25 participants were interviewed (mean age 37 years [SD:7], mean time in UK 6 years [SD:3], 72% female), of whom 13 were living in asylum accommodation at the time of interview. Preliminary analysis has indicated candidate themes relating to trauma, social isolation, agency and precarity running through discussions around vaccination decisions. Past trauma, such as discrimination at healthcare facilities or feeling forced to receive vaccinations in asylum accommodation, often directly impact trust and decisions to reject future vaccination. Participants described how their struggle for basic necessities, social isolation and precarious living situations imposed by the asylum system left them with other priorities than vaccination. Participants who perceived they have been well cared for in the healthcare system or who described feeling empowered to make their own decision about vaccination often suggested they would be likely to accept vaccination if offered. Asylum seekers and refugees have often experienced substantial trauma, precarity and have a lack of agency directly imposed on them by the asylum system, which are likely to impact trust and decision-making around healthcare. Formative experiences in the UK are key to establishing trust; a trauma-informed approach should be central in developing vaccination interventions for these groups, particularly in asylum accommodation. Key messages • Trauma, precarity and lack of agency imposed by asylum systems are likely to impact trust and decision-making around healthcare. • A trauma-informed approach should be central in developing vaccination interventions for asylum seeking and refugee groups, particularly in initial accommodation settings.

Semiotics of Song Discourse During the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)

Song discourse, as a type of discourse, represents a special field research. A piece of music related to a certain historical context is part of the expression of culture, memory and identity of the nation. The aim of the study is the interpretation of song and poetry works from the period of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), one of the difficult stages in the history of the country, as well as a semiotic analysis of the song texts of the two fighting parties. The analysis of the lyrics makes it possible to determine the key features of the depiction of the military conflict within the linguocultural, linguocognitive, social and political context. The role of song discourse as part of propaganda and a way to rally the population against the designated enemy is defined. In addition, the relevance of the study is consonant with the socio-political course of Spain in the last few years to deal with the traumatic past of the Civil War and the consequent dictatorship of F. Franco. The material of the study is Spanish-language song texts about the period of the Spanish Civil War (1936- 1939). The main research methods are lexical-semantic, contextual, corpus analysis, methods of semantic and pragmatic interpretation. In addition to the study of the song discourse of the Civil War period, the song discourse of the post-war period is also analyzed. The authors conclude that song and poetry texts acted as an effective tool for rallying the people and quickly conveying the position of the conflicting parties, strengthening propaganda. To date, the musical works of the supporters of the Republic who lost the war in 1939 and after 1939, which were censored in Spain, basking in the popularity, given the campaigns of Spanish public organizations to search for the remains of soldiers and perpetuate the memory of the victims of the Civil War of 1936-1939 and the dictatorship.

Help or Hindrance – the Value of Field Trips as a Form of Experiential Learning for Social Work Students

Field trips to augment in class learning hold valuable learning opportunities and can be transformative when observing context is important to understanding complex issues such as mental health and addiction. However, student reflections papers written after participating in the field trip were reviewed over a five-year period and identified that this form of experiential learning also resulted in harm to some social work students. Using a phenomenological approach (van Manen, 1990) to secondary data analysis, 53 papers identified four clusters of meanings related to discomfort, appreciation/ambivalence/regret, personal experiences of trauma and power. These individual experiences collectively raised larger questions around social work pedagogy and how educators should prepare students when confronted with distressing situations. We wondered to what degree witnessing such conditions became either a transformative experience as described by Rone (2008) or re-enacted individual experiences of past trauma. With field experience a pedagogical cornerstone to a career in Social Work, we advocate for ethically balancing between safeguarding students from feeling acute distress or re-experiencing trauma as a result of field trips, while ensuring they are professionally prepared to enter the profession upon graduation.

Exploring low‐income, Black fathers' strengths and barriers to positive change using qualitative methods

AbstractObjectiveThe goal was to explore low‐income, Black fathers' personal strengths and barriers to engaged fatherhood, healthy relationships, and economic stability.BackgroundFatherhood programs often rely on case management and education to promote positive fathering, healthy relationships, and economic stability. However, methods should be tailored to fit the strengths and needs of participating fathers. Low‐income, Black fathers face additional challenges related to systemic discrimination and structural violence that can hinder their success. To effectively serve this group, research is required to understand their relevant strengths and barriers.MethodsSemistructured focus groups explored fathers' personal strengths and barriers specific to the three areas of interest with fatherhood program staff (n = 8) and enrolled fathers (n = 26). Thematic analysis was conducted then systematically vetted by community scholars (previously enrolled or graduated fathers).ResultsFathering strengths included empathy, listening skills, and active family participation. Barriers included limited custody or access, individual constraints, and unmet social needs. Participants contextualized these findings with structural issues related to coparenting and the legal system (e.g., biased court systems). Men's relationship strengths included mutual respect and teamwork. Barriers included past trauma, lack of healthy relationship models, and relationship strain. Economic stability strengths included financial literacy and motivation to provide, whereas barriers included legal history, financial obligations, and limited resources.ConclusionThese findings highlight key individual‐level strengths and barriers grounded in fathers' intersectional identities as predominantly low‐income, Black men.ImplicationsPrograms serving low‐income, Black fathers should consider tailoring their programming to the lived experiences of participants to navigate these critical barriers and amplify assets for success.

Entangled by Borders: Bodies, Citizenship, and Gender in Assam

This paper will scrutinize the politics of border construction in Assam through the lens of Border Studies and Memory Studies. The unique geo-political location of Assam vis-à-vis its crisis of identity and belonging as a result of the 1947 Partition, makes it a complex site of study. My scrutiny of the literary and cultural memory of this region will be based on a comparative reading of a selection of short fiction entitled Barbed Wire Fence: Stories Of Displacement From The Barak Valley Of Assam (2012) by Nirmal Kanti Bhattacharjee and Dipendu Das, and Debendranath Acharya’s Assamese novel Jangam on the 1942 Indo-Burmese exodus (Sahitya Akademi award, 1984). My intervention is driven by the persistent need to deconstruct the 1947 Partition as a monolithic history of violence and disruption, and to draw attention to the many instances where multiple borders and multiple forms of disenfranchisement took place. The texts that I am close-reading, focus on such similar histories of disjuncture that shaped the history of Assam vis-à-vis issues of bodies, citizenship, and gender. Using news articles and commentaries from 2019 to 2022, I will subsequently connect the traumatic events surrounding the 1942 exodus and the 1947 Partition to the current state apparatuses that are using biomarkers to discriminate against perceived others and eliminate them from the protection of the nation-state. I will connect the past trauma with the insecurities and (im)possibilities that have cropped up surrounding the implementation of a Citizenship Amendment Bill, and creation of a National Register of Citizens (NRC).

The moderating role of neighborhood social cohesion in the mediation effects of the loneliness between acculturation stress and post-traumatic growth among female North Korean defectors

Loneliness negatively predicts post-traumatic growth (PTG) among North Korean defectors (NKD), one of the representative groups of refugees. Additionally, evidence also suggests that females, who account for 70% of NKDs entering South Korea, are vulnerable not only to past trauma but also to the current acculturation stress and loneliness affected by neighborhood social cohesion. This study explores whether the mediating effect of loneliness on the relationship between acculturation stress and PTG was moderated by the neighborhood social cohesion among female NKDs. In this study, the data of 166 female NKDs who completed an online survey regarding acculturation stress, PTG, loneliness, and neighborhood social cohesion were used. Moderated mediation analysis was conducted using SPSS PROCESS macro program. Loneliness was associated with PTG (B = − 1.896, p < 0.001), and mediated the association between acculturation stress and PTG (indirect effect = − 0.278, 95% LLCI − 0.403, 95% ULCI − 0.166). Neighborhood social cohesion moderated the mediation effect of loneliness on the association between acculturation stress and PTG (B = − 0.016, 95% LLCI 0.001, 95% ULCI 0.035). The indirect effect of acculturation stress on PTG through loneliness was notably high for those with low neighborhood social cohesion. Therefore, increasing neighborhood social cohesion would reduce loneliness caused by acculturation stress and support the positive growth among female NKDs. This represents the most effective approach to aiding female NKDs in achieving growth, even after suffering trauma.

성인 남녀의 시간관이 외상 후 성장에 미치는 영향에서 회복탄력성의 매개효과

Objectives This study attempted to verify the mediating effect of resilience in the relationship between adult men and women’s time perspective and post-traumatic growth.&#x0D; Methods To this end, 450 adult men and women in their 20s and 50s who have experienced past trauma nationwide were analyzed.This study conducted frequency analysis, reliability analysis, and Pearson correlation analysis using sps 28.0, and hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to verify the mediating effect of resilience in the effect of time views on post-traumatic growth.&#x0D; Results The past negative time perspective and the present fatalistic time perspective showed a negative correlation with recovery elasticity, no significant correlation with post-traumatic growth, and post-traumatic growth showed a static correlation with recovery elasticity. In addition, the higher the past positive time perspective, present hedonistic time perspective, and future time perspective, the higher the post-traumatic growth, and resilience partially mediated the relationship between past positive time perspective, present hedonistic time perspective, and future time perspective.&#x0D; Conclusions These results suggest that time perspective are an important factor in predicting post-traumatic growth and that resilience can effectively increase the level of post-traumatic growth, and based on the relationship between these variables, it can be a basic data to help people suffering from negative changes after experiencing trauma.

Prevalence of Trauma History and Symptoms in Patients Who Have Received Vaginal Brachytherapy as Part of their Endometrial Cancer Treatment

Vaginal brachytherapy (VBT) is an essential component of curative intent treatment for many patients with endometrial cancer. The prevalence of trauma history in this population is unknown and is important to understand considering VBT requires patients to have an instrument vaginally inserted while in the vulnerable lithotomy position. We aim to retrospectively identify patients treated with VBT for early-stage endometrial cancer and collect survey data to assess the prevalence of trauma history, whether VBT re-induced trauma symptoms, and whether VBT was considered an independent traumatic event by patients. We retrospectively identified patients with endometrial cancer treated with VBT at our institution from January 2017 to August 2022. Patients were mailed a cover letter and unique-identifier coded survey that included the Brief Trauma Questionnaire (BTQ) and Primary Care Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Screen for DSM-V (PC-PTSD-5), both validated instruments. Patients were instructed to fill out the surveys as it relates to their trauma history prior to VBT and again considering any trauma symptomatology related to VBT. BTQ was interpreted as positive if the patient responded yes to any question. PC-PTSD-5 was interpreted positive if the patient responded yes to at least 3 questions. Electronic medical record review was performed to identify clinical and pathologic features. Descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis were used to assess survey responses. A total of 51 of 206 patients returned the survey at the time of interim analysis. 43 patients (84%) screened positive on the BTQ for having trauma history. Of those patients, 7 (16%) screened positive on the PC-PTSD-5 for a probable PTSD diagnosis. Additionally, 22 (51%)/18 (42%) patients answered yes to at least one/two symptoms on the PC-PTSD-5 respectively. Of the patients who answered yes to at least one question on the PC-PTSD-5, 18% (4 patients) responded that VBT triggered flashbacks of their past trauma. Regarding PC-PTSD-5 considering trauma symptomatology related to VBT, 20 patients (39%) answered yes to any question, though only 2 patients (4%) met the threshold to screen positive for probable PTSD. 20 patients (39%) indicated they would have accepted a referral to psychology before or during VBT. Suggested improvements made via free text responses included minimizing the time the cylinder was inserted and eliminating the need to transfer via hallway from the simulation room to the treatment room. This study provides a baseline for understanding the prevalence of trauma history and trauma related to VBT in patients with endometrial cancer. This data can be used to guide patient centered discussions of endometrial cancer care, importantly including to counsel patients that a possible toxicity of VBT is trauma symptomatology, particularly for those with a history of trauma.

Representasi Toxic Masculinity Pada Film “Seperti Dendam, Rindu Harus Dibayar Tuntas”: Analisis Semiotika Model Jhon Fiske

This article aims to describe the representation of toxic masculinity in the film "Seperti Dendam, Rindu Harus Dibayar Tuntas" through the main male character and film scenes. The film analysis of "Seperti Dendam, Rindu Harus Dibayar Tuntas" employs the semiotic data analysis technique using John Fiske's model. There are three levels of coding in this model: the level of reality, the level of representation, and the level of ideology. The research findings indicate that the representation of toxic masculinity portrayed by the main character at the level of reality is evident in the category of costumes, as seen in Ajo Kawir's simple attire. The level of representation code depicting toxic masculinity is displayed through cinematography techniques such as medium shots, close-ups, two shots, and over-the-shoulder shots. The ideology level observed is the high individualism of Ajo Kawir, who exhibits a sense of superiority, acts in his self-interest, and is stubborn. The toxic masculinity of the main character is influenced by past traumas and the patriarchal society depicted through John Fiske's semiotic model. The level of reality of social codes is conveyed through costumes, speech styles, and expressions. The level of representation of social codes is presented through camera work and lighting. The level of ideology of social codes is depicted through actions, dialogues, and character traits.

Examining the Association Between Trauma Characteristics and Adult Depression and Anxiety: Analysis of Types, Variety, Repetition, and Timing of Past Trauma.

Past research has emphasized the impact of prior trauma on adult depression and anxiety rates. However, few studies have examined the simultaneous connection between various trauma characteristics (e.g., type, variety, repetition, timing) and symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults. Understanding how these different trauma characteristics relate to mental health issues can offer valuable insight into predicting the onset of such problems. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis with 356 adult participants to explore the associations between lifetime trauma history and depression/anxiety scores. Participants retrospectively reported on five different traumatic experiences from birth to the present, including childhood physical abuse, witnessing parental violence, lifetime experiences of rape, witnessing trauma to loved ones, and the unexpected death of loved ones. For each trauma type, participants indicated the timing of their first exposure and the frequency of subsequent occurrences. Depression and anxiety symptoms in the past 2 weeks were also self-reported. Multiple regression analyses with covariates were employed. On average, participants experienced two out of the five trauma types. Regardless of the type, having at least one traumatic experience was linked to higher depression and anxiety scores. Those who experienced all five trauma types reported the highest levels of depression and anxiety. Repeated instances of rape, witnessing trauma to loved ones, and the death of loved ones were significantly associated with elevated depression and anxiety scores. The timing of exposure to the unexpected death of loved ones predicted higher depression scores in childhood compared to adulthood, while no relationship between timing and anxiety scores was observed. Other trauma types did not show significant associations. Our study enhances knowledge of the link between trauma and depression/anxiety by elucidating how various trauma characteristics, such as type, variety, repetition, and timing of trauma, have differential influences on depression and anxiety scores.

What You Are Hiding Could Be Hurting You: Autistic Masking in Relation to Mental Health, Interpersonal Trauma, Authenticity, and Self-Esteem.

Autistic masking refers to some autistic individuals' tendency to hide, suppress, or camouflage their autistic traits, autistic identity, or autism diagnosis. Autistic masking also may include unconscious or conscious attempts to mimic the behavioral, cognitive, or sensory styles of nonautistic neurotypical people and to suppress natural forms of autistic behavior, cognition, and reactions to sensory experiences. Since autistic people are a stigmatized minority in many neurotypical dominated societies, passing as nonautistic through autistic masking may be an attempt to avoid autism stigma and a reaction to previous interpersonal trauma. Increased autistic masking behaviors are associated with reports of increased depression, anxiety, burnout, and exhaustion in autistic people, and thus, exploring the roots and impact of autistic masking is an important mental health topic. This study investigated the relationships between autistic masking and depression, anxiety, gender identity, sexual orientation, interpersonal trauma, self-esteem, authenticity, and autistic community involvement. Participants were autistic adults (n = 342) recruited through autistic social media groups. This study found that higher self-reported autistic masking behaviors were associated with higher reports of past interpersonal trauma, greater anxiety and depression symptoms, lower self-esteem, lower authenticity, and lower participation within the autistic community. Autistic masking was not associated with gender identity or sexual orientation. The results of this study highlight the relationship between autistic masking and past interpersonal trauma, finding that autistic masking behavior is associated with mental health, self-esteem, and authenticity risks for autistic adults. We call into question the teaching of autistic masking strategies in therapies and education programs for autistic people based on the negative associations with autistic masking presented in this study and other research in this field.

Memory discourses in visitor books of travelling exhibits in Southern Chile

The Museum of Memory and Human Rights in Chile hosts regular travelling exhibits about the country’s recent traumatic past of 1973–1990. In this article, I study the visitor books (VBs) that accompanied travelling exhibits to the cities of Valdivia and Puerto Montt to examine their effect on the audience. The entries reflected a variety of writers, from younger generations to survivors and witnesses. The analysis shows that the VBs are used to exercise the right to memory, to confirm their ‘duty to remember’ manifested in the presence of transitional justice discourses, and to express emotions that seem to reflect a positive and healing effect. Moreover, it was proven that the nature of the visitor’s memory (direct or postmemory) would showcase different reactions to the exhibit experience.

More than just a chat: a taxonomy of consumers’ relationships with conversational AI agents and their well-being implications

PurposeThis paper aims to study the role of self-concept in consumer relationships with anthropomorphised conversational artificially intelligent (AI) agents. First, the authors investigate how the self-congruence between consumer self-concept and AI and the integration of the conversational AI agent into consumer self-concept might influence such relationships. Second, the authors examine whether these links with self-concept have implications for mental well-being.Design/methodology/approachThis study conducted in-depth interviews with 20 consumers who regularly use popular conversational AI agents for functional or emotional tasks. Based on a thematic analysis and an ideal-type analysis, this study derived a taxonomy of consumer–AI relationships, with self-congruence and self–AI integration as the two axes.FindingsThe findings unveil four different relationships that consumers forge with their conversational AI agents, which differ in self-congruence and self–AI integration. Both dimensions are prominent in replacement and committed relationships, where consumers rely on conversational AI agents for companionship and emotional tasks such as personal growth or as a means for overcoming past traumas. These two relationships carry well-being risks in terms of changing expectations that consumers seek to fulfil in human-to-human relationships. Conversely, in the functional relationship, the conversational AI agents are viewed as an important part of one’s professional performance; however, consumers maintain a low sense of self-congruence and distinguish themselves from the agent, also because of the fear of losing their sense of uniqueness and autonomy. Consumers in aspiring relationships rely on their agents for companionship to remedy social exclusion and loneliness, but feel this is prevented because of the agents’ technical limitations.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough this study provides insights into the dynamics of consumer relationships with conversational AI agents, it comes with limitations. The sample of this study included users of conversational AI agents such as Siri, Google Assistant and Replika. However, future studies should also investigate other agents, such as ChatGPT. Moreover, the self-related processes studied here could be compared across public and private contexts. There is also a need to examine such complex relationships with longitudinal studies. Moreover, future research should explore how consumers’ self-concept could be negatively affected if the support provided by AI is withdrawn. Finally, this study reveals that in some cases, consumers are changing their expectations related to human-to-human relationships based on their interactions with conversational AI agents.Practical implicationsThis study enables practitioners to identify specific anthropomorphic cues that can support the development of different types of consumer–AI relationships and to consider their consequences across a range of well-being aspects.Originality/valueThis research equips marketing scholars with a novel understanding of the role of self-concept in the relationships that consumers forge with popular conversational AI agents and the associated well-being implications.

Characteristics of a Southern Intensive Trauma- and Psychiatric-Focused Recovery Program.

Treatment of substance use disorders (SUDs) is complex, involving biological, psychological, and social factors to be considered when designing effective programs. Trauma-informed psychiatric care integrated with a developmentally appropriate intensive 12-step approach is being used at A Reprieve for Women (Reprieve), a long-term intensive residential recovery program for female emerging adults with SUDs located in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. The Reprieve treatment philosophy focuses on long-term intensive care, treatment of coexisting trauma and psychiatric disorders, and development of life skills. The purpose of this article is to outline Reprieve's programmatic features and report Reprieve's 1- and 2-year sobriety rates for women who completed the 6-month residential program and compare it with national sobriety rates for other residential SUD treatment programs. Reprieve provided 1- and 2-year sobriety rates and duration of treatment from 110 deidentified participants who completed Reprieve's 6-month residential program between September 2016 and November 2020. The researchers defined sobriety as complete abstinence from any addictive substances. Reprieve staff contacted program graduates to determine sobriety status following completion of the program. This research, approved by the University of Alabama's institutional review board, involved usable data points from 68 of the 110 participants. We determined that Reprieve has a 75% 1-year sobriety rate and a 63% 2-year sobriety rate. The national average sobriety rate for people completing SUD treatment in residential programs is 40%. Reprieve's higher-than-national sobriety rates make it a valuable program to study. Its emphasis on the treatment of coexisting psychiatric problems and past traumas, development of life skills, and the unique needs of female emerging adults may contribute to the program's success. It is hoped that this program description and preliminary analysis of outcomes will provide valuable information for future SUD treatment program development. More rigorous study is needed to delineate the effects of specific programmatic features on sobriety.

Exploring the Interplay of Memory and Guilt: A Critical Examination of Ishiguro’s A Pale View of Hills

A Pale View of Hills stands as a testament to the literary prowess of Kazuo Ishiguro. As his debut novel, it received widespread acclaim, showcasing his distinctive narrative style, masterful craftsmanship, and intricate character development. The book captures the attention of its readers through an interplay of nostalgia, cultural complexities, and individual memories. The almost unanimously positive reviews it garnered after its release underlines the undeniable narrative dexterity of Ishiguro and his ability to handle deep-rooted emotions with finesse. Set against the backdrop of England during the early 1980s, the novel delves into the life of Etsuko, a Japanese woman in the autumn of her years, now residing in England. Etsuko’s existence, marked by solitude and introspection, forms the crux of the story, and her interactions serve as windows into her soul, revealing layers of her personality, cultural dislocation, and past traumas. The narrative primarily revolves around a poignant discussion between Etsuko and her younger daughter, Niki. Notably, the name ‘Niki’ itself emanates from a cultural compromise between her parents, underscoring the amalgamation of two worlds in her identity. This meeting isn’t merely a casual mother-daughter interaction but triggers a cascade of memories for Etsuko. Etsuko finds herself transported to the era shortly after the harrowing bombing of Nagasaki. During that time, she shared her life with her first husband, a Japanese man named Jero. These reflections, prompted by Niki’s visit, allow the readers to journey through Etsuko’s past, gaining insights into her experiences, struggles, and choices in post-war Japan. Throughout the novel, Ishiguro adeptly weaves a tapestry of memories and present moments, blurring the lines between reality and perception. By embedding touching and, at times, enigmatic twists, especially towards the culmination, Ishiguro not only engages the readers but also prompts them to ruminate on the deeper nuances of memory, identity, and cultural displacement. This work stands as a nuanced exploration of personal histories intertwined with broader historical and cultural narratives.

Trauma Informed Educational Strategies and Recommendations for Post-Secondary Health Science Programs

While trauma-informed care is commonly discussed in the context of interactions between healthcare providers and patients, its significance also extends to educational environments. Within post-secondary institutions, a considerable number of students begin their academic journey carrying experiences of past traumas or encounter trauma during their training. This is particularly relevant for health science education, where the curriculum involves addressing sensitive topics within classroom, laboratory, and clinical settings. These learning situations can inadvertently expose students to the risk of reliving trauma or experiencing distressing emotional responses. Hence, educators need to be attuned to their students' traumatic backgrounds and incorporate evidence-based techniques that mitigate distress, to adequately prepare students for their clinical practice roles. The objective was to systematically identify trauma informed educational (TIE) strategies or recommendations that have been implemented in post-secondary health science programs. This scoping review was completed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scoping review methodology. A search of academic literature was completed using the following databases: MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), Embase (Ovid), Education Source Complete, and ERIC. Search results were screened by two reviewers for relevance and data extraction was completed using a customized tool. Results were synthesized and aggregated in JBI SUMARI. Findings from 42 studies with diverse methodological approaches identified seven elements characterizing trauma-informed strategies (awareness, prevention, preparation, exposure, coping skills, flexibility, and structure). These elements were observed across five distinct strata of educational settings: 1) institutional, 2) curriculum, 3) educator, 4) student, and 5) equity and diversity. Integrating TIE strategies into health science education is urgently needed to create safe learning environments, better equip educators, and empower students to navigate trauma-related content with confidence and sensitivity. As the healthcare landscape continues to evolve, a collective commitment to advancing trauma informed education will ultimately contribute to more resilient, informed, and compassionate healthcare professionals.

Gangguan Kecemasan Masa Remaja sebagai Sumber Ide Penciptaan Karya Seni Lukis

The idea raised in this paper is Anxiety Disorder. Anxiety disorders experienced by the author since her youh until now. Anxiety disorders arise from past trauma due to bullying in the family and in society. Anxiety disorders which experienced by the author are related to excessive fear and anxiety accompanied by behavioral disorders. Events that are imprinted on the memory give rise to noisy thoughts and feelings. The problems to discuss in this article with the following. problem formulation are 1) What is an anxiety disorder 2) Why the concept of anxiety disorder is the source of the idea of creating a painting 3) How is the visualization of a painting with the concept of an anxiety disorder as the source of the idea for creating a work of art. The purpose of this Art Creation Thesis is to be the concept of painting creation that visualized by a drawing technique using drawing pen and charcoal on linen paper. Black and white works are applied to convey thoughts, feelings and everyday experiences. The works present using black frames with passepartout along with performance art video. Performance art that includes in this artwork is to be used as a medium to convey honesty through the body. This art work creation practice produces novelty in terms of the concepts, techniques and presentation.Keywords: Anxiety Disorder, Art Painting, Drawing Techniques.