Traumatic Tooth Research Articles

Clinical application of CAD/CAM technology in 3D printed dental model used for removable splints fabrication in the treatment of traumatized anterior permanent teeth in children

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) in designing and manufacturing 3D-printed dental models used to make thermoplastic removable splints for children with traumatized anterior permanent teeth. MethodsA total of 28 patients with dental trauma (subluxation, extrusive luxation, and lateral luxation) were divided into experimental (14 patients) and control groups (14 patients). The experimental group was treated with the removable splint made using a new 3D printed dental model designed with CAD/CAM technology, while the control group received a wire-composite splint. Follow-up was performed at week 2 and 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months post-treatment, and every year after that. The traumatized teeth were evaluated according to clinical symptoms, tooth color, mobility, position, percussion pain, abnormal percussion sounds indicating ankylosis or other pathosis, swelling, fistula of gums, vitality test, and radiographic examination. ResultsNo significant difference was found in gender and age between the two groups. The experimental group had 23 traumatic teeth, and the control group had 24 traumatic teeth. Traumatic teeth in the two groups most commonly involved open apex teeth (>90 %). The average follow-up time for the experimental and control group was 35.47±14.23 and 32.92±14.79 months (P > 0.05), respectively. The pulp survival rate and periodontal healing rate in the experimental group (86.96 %, 91.30 %) were higher compared to the control group (62.50 %, 75.00 %) (all P > 0.05). ConclusionA removable splint made by a 3D printed dental model designed with CAD/CAM technology achieved an equivalent treatment effect to a wire-composite splint. Clinical significanceA 3D-printed dental model designed with CAD/CAM technology can be used to fabricate removable splints, which in turn can decrease iatrogenic injuries frequently encountered during the traditional model production process. For example, taking the impression directly from the patient's mouth can cause displacement of a traumatized tooth or even exfoliation. The removable splints produced using a new 3D-printed dental model can meet clinical treatment requirements of traumatized teeth, especially for children and adolescents with occlusal trauma in mixed dentition.

Electric Pulp Test Threshold Responses in Healthy Mature Permanent Teeth

Electric pulp testers assess only the neural component of pulp sensibility in dental practice, while vascular status is evaluated with laser Doppler flowmeters and pulp oximeters, which are more reliable for determining vitality in traumatic teeth. Objective: To determine the accuracy of the electric pulp test in healthy mature permanent teeth. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro by consecutive sampling on 220 participants aged 18-35, who had healthy, mature permanent central incisors, canines, first premolars, and first molars, with no history of cardiac pacemakers and metallic restorations. Teeth were isolated, dried, and tested with a COXO C-Pulse electric pulp tester using toothpaste as a conducting medium. Threshold responses were recorded at increasing currents, with each tooth tested twice to determine the mean value. Accuracy was assessed using additional metrics post-therapy. Chi-square tests were employed to compare accuracy across gender and age groups, with significance set at p<0.05. Results: The mean age of the patients was 25.55 ± 5.41 years. 132 (60%) subjects were female, 88 (40%) subjects were male in this study. Accuracy of the electric pulp test in healthy mature permanent teeth was detected in 181 (82.3%) subjects in this study. Conclusion: It was concluded that the electric pulp tester method seems to be a reliable way to evaluate how sensitive the live nerve tissue inside a tooth is for healthy permanent teeth that have fully formed.

Indirect replantation post trauma of immature teeth in children

Indirect replantation post trauma of immature teeth in children

PENATALAKSANAAN TRAUMA GIGI PADA ANAK USIA TUMBUH KEMBANG

Dental trauma is often found in children of growing age due to poor psychomotor coordination, making them prone to falls. This can cause damage to the teeth and their supporting tissues, which can interfere with mastication, speech, aesthetics and the eruption of permanent teeth. The management of dental trauma in children is still poorly understood by parents and teachers, therefore an approach is needed regarding the first treatment of trauma to primary teeth. The choice of Community Service target at Kepodang preschool was due to a request from the school principal as the community leader. Education and training activities were carried out on Monday, March 4th 2024 for a total of 22 teachers and parents. The aim of this activity is to increase knowledge, motivate changes in attitudes and behavior in maintaining oral health, and provide learning about first care for trauma in primary teeth. An initial assessment of knowledge and attitudes regarding first care for trauma in primary teeth was carried out through administering a pre-test with multiple choice questions. The material given includes dental and oral health problems, prevention methods, as well as first treatment for trauma in primary teeth by using the power point text, discussion, and a simulation of how to brush teeth with songs. Evaluation was carried out through a post test with multiple choice questions. Evaluation of the post test results shows that there was an increase in test score. The results of this activity recommend continuing this training activity in kindergartens or other elementary schools, especially for teachers and parents

Aspects of Mother Knowledge Regarding Permanent Dental Trauma in Children

Tooth trauma is an injury that involves a tooth and/or involves its supporting structures leading to fractures, tooth transfusions or damage to periodontal tissue. Causes of permanent tooth trauma in children are falls, sports activities, and traffic accidents. The mother is the closest person to the child and has an important role in treating the child’s permanent tooth trauma. The aim of this study is to find out how the mother knows about the permanent tooth trauma of her 8-9 years old children. The design of this study uses observational analysis with a population of mothers of children aged 8-9 years of age of 120 and samples of 50 respondents taken using Quota sampling technique. The statistical test results are that the mother’s knowledge of permanent dental trauma has no significant relationship with the age of the mother (p value = 0,151 (> 0,05), past education (p-value = 0,258 (>0,05) work status (p-value = 0,113 (>0.05) and source of health information (p-value= 0,307( >0.05). Governments and dental professional organizations must act quickly to implement dental trauma management education and campaigns in the general public.

Evaluation of the effect on the permanent tooth germ and the adjacent teeth by finite element impact analysis in the traumatized primary tooth.

One of the primary concerns in the paediatric emergencies is traumatic dental injuries. This study aimed to create trauma in primary teeth and reveal its effects finite element analysis. Three-dimensional models were created using cone-beam computed tomography images, representing a maxillary primary central incisor. An impact force moving at a speed of 10 m/s was simulated on the labial tooth surface in two directions: buccal and incisal. The stress and deformation experienced in the adjacent tooth due to the primary tooth were higher than those generated in the permanent tooth. Forces applied in the incisal direction resulted in higher levels of stress and deformation in the permanent tooth germ. The difference between the stress and deformation values in primary teeth in the forces applied in the buccal and incisal directions is 21% and 75%, respectively; in the permanent tooth germ, this difference was 233% and 100%, respectively. Based on the findings of this study, it is crucial to thoroughly evaluate not only the affected primary tooth but also the adjacent teeth and the permanent tooth germ in traumatic dental injuries. This comprehensive examination allows for the anticipation and management of potential long-term problems.

Influence of COVID-19 pandemic on mandible fracture patterns in a German cranio-maxillofacial trauma center: PreCOVID (2019) versus IntraCOVID (2020).

The COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-2019) pandemic confronted the global healthcare system with a variety of challenges. The pandemic and the associated lockdowns also had an impact on multiple medical disciplines (i.e. delay of surgery, change of hospital admissions). The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mandible fracture patterns/distributions and circumstances in a German cranio-maxillofacial trauma center. This retrospective study compared the mandible fracture patterns of patients in the PreCOVID (PC) era (February 2019-January 2020) with patients in the IntraCOVID (IC) era (February 2020-January 2021). In addition to baseline characteristics, the number/type of mandible fractures, location of the mandible fracture, circumstances leading to mandible fracture, and hospital admissions/treatments were analyzed. A total of 127 patients was included in this study. In the IC period, the absolute frequencies of mandible fractures decreased (PC = 72 vs. IC = 55). There were minor changes in the mandible fracture locations. An increase of concomitant facial soft tissue injuries (IC = 69.1% vs. PC = 58.3%), as well as higher rates of traumatic tooth loss (IC = 32.7% vs. PC = 22.2%), was observed. Regarding the causes/accidents leading to mandible fractures, there were significant increases in falls and significant decreases in sports accidents as well as interpersonal violence during the IC period. A significant increase in accidents at home and domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a simultaneous decrease in weekend and night-time trauma leading to mandible fractures was observed. Furthermore, a significant increase in days from trauma to surgery was recorded. The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on mandibular fracture patterns. The locations and types of mandibular fractures changed slightly. However, significant differences in the circumstances leading to mandible fractures (increased falls, decreased interpersonal violence) were recorded.

Efficacy of the use of a therapeutic composition containing stem cells in the augmentation of the alveolar ridge according to the indicators of bone remodeling markers in the saliva

Maxillofacial bone defects may result from various pathological conditions, such as traumatic tooth extraction, aggressive periodontitis, jaw osteomyelitis, neoplasms, cysts, congenital malformations, and gunshot injuries. These circumstances can pose difficulties in addressing both (primary and secondary) dental adentia, especially when considering dental implantation. One of the current challenges in dentistry is to give more attention to the advancement of innovative osteoplastic materials. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a therapeutic composition that includes stem cells in enhancing the alveolar ridge, as suggested by bone remodeling markers in oral fluid. The research revealed that all study groups showed favorable changes in oral fluid markers of bone metabolism during the extended follow-up period (6-12 months), with statistically significant differences (p2<0.01, 0.05). However, in group A, acid phosphatase activity decreased by 12.98% (p>0.05) and 32.49% (p<0.01, p1<0.05), while alkaline phosphatase increased by 8.73% (p>0.05) and 15.16% (p>0.05), respectively, after one year of observation compared to groups B and C. Thus, it can be inferred that a reduction in acid phosphatase activity, along with a rise in alkaline phosphatase levels in oral fluid, suggests enhanced regenerative processes and the initiation of bone remodeling in the patients belonging to the study group. However, it seems that the procedures were particularly effective in patients belonging to group A, where we used the combination of “Bio-Oss”+MSCs-AT+PRP to fill bone defects. This suggests the best effectiveness of the composition we developed for alveolar ridge augmentation.

Oral Health & Nutrition

The state of oral health varies with the age and plays integral part in maintaining general health of the body. There are numerous conditions that contribute to oral diseases like dental caries, periodontal conditions, oral cancer, tooth trauma, certain birth defects etc. Around 3.5 billion people gets affected by the oral diseases and are most common noncommunicable disease in the world.

Storage medium for avulsed teeth: A narrative review

Dental avulsion is the most severe type of traumatic tooth injury, resulting in the complete displacement of the tooth from its socket in the alveolar bone. Immediate replantation of an avulsed permanent tooth is recommended for successful treatment and a good prognosis. However, replantation is not always feasible. The biological properties of the storage medium, which must preserve the viability, clonogenic capacity, and mitogenic potential of the periodontal ligament (PDL) cells, are crucial for successful reimplantation. If the root surface dries out excessively due to prolonged extraoral time before replantation, the damaged PDL cells can trigger an inflammatory response across the root surface, leading to ankylosis. There are various types of storage media, both synthetic and natural. Therefore, selecting the appropriate storage medium in an emergency is critical for improving the outcome of teeth that cannot be immediately replanted. This review examines research on various storage media for avulsed teeth, focusing on their properties and effectiveness, based on articles from electronic databases. Keywords: Dental Trauma; Periodontal Ligament; Storage media; Tooth Avulsion; Traumatic Dental Injuries

The Relationship between High-Intensity Physical Activity and Traumatic Dental Injury among Young Adults in South Korea.

This study analyzed data collected from the 5th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V:2010-2012). The total number of participants in the 5th KNAHANES was 5,383 young adults aged 19-39 years, selected from 25,534 participants. Logistic regression analysis was performed using socioeconomic status (sex, age, education level, and income), physical activity intensity (vigorous and moderate), frequency of vigorous and moderate physical activity (days per week), and traumatic dental injuries due to exercise. A total of 5,383 participants were included in the analysis. High-intensity exercisers had a statistically different association with traumatic dental injuries due to exercise. In all models, high-intensity exercisers had more traumatic dental injuries than moderate-intensity exercisers, and participants who exercised vigorously 4 or more days per week had a significantly higher prevalence experience of traumatic dental injuries. Among adults in their 20s, men, college attendees, and those with higher incomes, the prevalence of exercising vigorously 4 or more days per week was higher. Among young adults, a higher frequency of high-intensity physical activity was associated with a higher prevalence experience of traumatic tooth injury due to exercise compared with no physical activity.

The use of mineral trioxide aggregate for treatment of children with complications of dental trauma

Jf the study was to assess the efficacy of mineral trioxide aggregate for treatment of children with complicated permanent teeth trauma. The study comprised 29 children aged 6-13 years (mean age 8.6±1.7 years) with 36 injured constant teeth, from which 30 had immature roots, 27 (75%) teeth had necrotic pulp at baseline examination, 12 (33.3%) teeth showed radiological signs of external imflammatory root resorbtion, 2 teeth were diagnosed with of the root fracture (5.6%). MTA was used for pulp regeneration procedure in 25 (69.5%) teeth, external closure of resorbtion site in 3 (8.3%) teeth, root canal filling in 4 (11.1%) teeth, apical plug creation in 4 teeth (11.1%). The patients were folowed up for 1 to 9 years. From 36 teeth only one was extracted 9 years after regenerative endodontic procedure because of cervical root fracture. In 2 teeth with external imflammatory resorbtion progession of replacement resorption took place, in 1 tooth necrosis of regenerated pulp tissue occurred 2 years after the procedure because of restoration marginal seal failure. In 25 teeth favorable outcome was registered with stabilisation of external root resorbtion, continous root growth in 24 teeth and radioluscent lesions healing in 6 teeht showing them at baseline examination. Change of external imflammator root resorbtion to replacement resorption was detected in 1 teeth from 3 with external closure of resorbtion site. Root calan filling with MTA was performed in 3 avulsed teeth with replantation delayed for more than 1 day and in 1 tooth with root fracture. All teeth were clinically asymptomatic during more than 5 years follow-up. Favorable outcome was received in all cases of apicl plug formation. MTA is highly effective for preservation of constant teeth in children with clinically complicated situations. In many cases with hopeless long-term prognosis for a teeth MTA allows stabilization of dental tissue level with the teeth being an object for guided tissue regeneration.

The quality of dental care in children with permanent teeth trauma according to analysis of medical records in an emergency unit of a municipal dental clinic

Was to assess the efficacy and timing of emergency dental care in children with permanent teeth trauma according to analysis of medical records in an emergency unit of a municipal dental clinic. The study involved 320 medical records of pediatric patients admitted to emergency dental care unit of a municipal dental clinic in 2021 because of maxillofacial trauma from which 221 records of children with acute dental trauma were extracted. The quality of documentation of the medical records, rationale for diagnosis and adequacy of emergency dental treatment were analyzed. No records included diagnosis code according to ICD-10. Trauma history was described in the majority of records by in 67% of them no trauma time was stated with proper precision. In 67.6% of permanent teeth trauma cases emergency aid was carried out inadequately. All patients with uncomplicated crown fractures were dismissed with no treatment. In complicated crown fractures needing pulp vitality preservation the pulp was devitalized or just anesthetized. Tooth replantation in avulsion cases was not performed. In 13.5% of records the treatment was not properly described. In 67.6% of records there were no recommendations for follow-ups. There is a strong need for the improvement of knowledge of traumatic dental injuries management among Russian pediatric dentists by elaboration and implementation of protocols for dental traumas treatment.

Metamorphosis of Traumatic teeth- Aesthetic Rehabilitation with Injection Moulding Technique: A Case Report

Dental trauma is unpredictable ranging from minor enamel chipping to complete tooth loss, often accompanied by disruptions to the supporting bone and surrounding soft tissues, potentially compromising aesthetics, function, and overall oral health. Individuals experiencing traumatic injuries to the anterior dentition often report compromised aesthetics, impacting their self-esteem and social interactions. This case report describes the use of injection molding technique, for the rehabilitation of incisor crown fractures. The injectable composite resin technique is a versatile treatment for achieving esthetic and functional tooth restoration. This minimally invasive technique can be precisely adjusted to individual needs to replicate natural tooth structures and functions. Here vacuum-pressed vinyl sheet splint has been used as a stent for the injection moulding technique.

Functional modulation of lysophosphatidic acid type 2 G-protein coupled receptor facilitates alveolar bone formation.

Lipid biosynthesis is recently studied its functions in a range of cellular physiology including differentiation and regeneration. However, it still remains to be elucidated in its precise function. To reveal this, we evaluated the roles of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling in alveolar bone formation using the LPA type 2 receptor (LPAR2) antagonist AMG-35 (Amgen Compound 35) using tooth loss without periodontal disease model which would be caused by trauma and usually requires a dental implant to restore masticatory function. In this study, in vitro cell culture experiments in osteoblasts and periodontal ligament fibroblasts revealed cell type-specific responses, with AMG-35 modulating osteogenic differentiation in osteoblasts in vitro. To confirm the in vivo results, we employed a mouse model of tooth loss without periodontal disease. Five to 10 days after tooth extraction, AMG-35 facilitated bone formation in the tooth root socket as measured by immunohistochemistry for differentiation markers KI67, Osteocalcin, Periostin, RUNX2, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and SMAD2/3. The increased expression and the localization of these proteins suggest that AMG-35 elicits osteoblast differentiation through TGF-β1 and SMAD2/3 signaling. These results indicate that LPAR2/TGF-β1/SMAD2/3 represents a new signaling pathway in alveolar bone formation and that local application of AMG-35 in traumatic tooth loss can be used to facilitate bone regeneration and healing for further clinical treatment.

Use of splinting in traumatized primary teeth: A systematic review of case reports

The aim of this study was to explore the use of splinting in the management of traumatized primary dentition in case reports published in the literature. Systematic searches were performed in the main health databases to identify case reports (a) with children presenting trauma in primary teeth, and (b) those that described any outcomes related to the use of splints in the management of traumatized primary teeth. The stages of study selection, data extraction and risk of bias analysis were performed. Descriptive data analysis was described. The reporting of information from this review was based on the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Of the total number of studies initially found (n=246), eight were case reports. Outcomes of splint immobilization in primary teeth with luxation (intrusion, extrusion, and lateral displacement), intra-alveolar root fracture and/or alveolar fracture were reported. All case reports described splinting as a viable technique for immobilizing traumatized primary teeth, regardless of the type of traumatic dental injury (TDIs) and splinting technique used. Only case report verified the effectiveness of the splinting in the management of dentoalveolar trauma and demonstrated the clinical effectiveness of the contentive approach. Based on low evidence studies with a moderate risk of bias, it was observed that the use of splints for the management of alveolar bone fractures and intrusive root fractures, and in specific cases of teeth with lateral luxation, can bring additional benefits to the dento-alveolar health of traumatized primary teeth.

Prevalence of dental trauma in permanent anterior teeth in 6-12-year-old children in school going children of East Delhi

Background: Traumatic dental injury affects many children and adolescents, and it considered a challenging public health problem. Injuries involving permanent teeth are one of the most common types of trauma to the maxillofacial area. The prevalence of traumatic dental injuries varies greatly, and it ranges from 4% to 58% Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried among 700 school children aged 6 and 12 years in East Delhi. A list of primary and secondary schools of East Delhi area was obtained. A multistage random sampling technique was adopted to select the study population. The children aged 6-12 years with signed consent and in whom permanent anteriors had erupted were included in the study. The oral examination was conducted by a single calibrated examiner using WHO oral health assessment Performa 2013. Results: Overall prevalence was 7.71%. Dental trauma was 1.90%, 10.27% and 10.12% respectively in Group I, Group II and Group III respectively. Female reported with 7.57 % and males with 10.81% (p=0.001). Maxillary Central incisors were found to be the most frequent teeth to be injured. Conclusions: Parents may lack information regarding the consequences of dental trauma and don't report for dental consultation. Along with seeking dental care, patient must be educated about the use of protective mouth guards while playing contact sports which may help to reduce the incidence and severity of dental injuries.

New Skeletons of the Ancient Dolphin Xenorophus sloanii and Xenorophus simplicidens sp. nov. (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the Oligocene of South Carolina and the Ontogeny, Functional Anatomy, Asymmetry, Pathology, and Evolution of the Earliest Odontoceti

The early diverging, dolphin-sized, cetacean clade Xenorophidae are a short-lived radiation of toothed whales (Odontoceti) that independently evolved two features long thought to be odontocete synapomorphies: the craniofacial and cochlear morphology underlying echolocation and retrograde cranial telescoping (i.e., posterior migration of the viscerocranium). This family was based on Xenorophus sloanii, which, for the past century, has been known only by a partial skull lacking a braincase and tympanoperiotics, collected around 1900 from the Ashley Formation (28–29 Ma, Rupelian) near Ladson, South Carolina. A large collection of new skulls and skeletons (ChM PV 5022, 7677; CCNHM 104, 168, 1077, 5995) from the Ashley Formation considerably expands the hypodigm for this species, now the best known of any stem odontocete and permitting evaluation of intraspecific variation and ontogenetic changes. This collection reveals that the holotype (USNM 11049) is a juvenile. Xenorophus sloanii is a relatively large odontocete (70–74 cm CBL; BZW = 29–31 cm; estimated body length 2.6–3 m) with a moderately long rostrum (RPI = 2.5), marked heterodonty, limited polydonty (13–14 teeth), prominent sagittal crest and intertemporal constriction, and drastically larger brain size than basilosaurid archaeocetes (EQ = 2.9). Dental morphology, thickened cementum, a dorsoventrally robust rostrum, and thick rugose enamel suggest raptorial feeding; oral pathology indicates traumatic tooth loss associated with mechanically risky predation attempts. Ontogenetic changes include increased palatal vomer exposure; fusion of the nasofrontal, occipito-parietal, and median frontal sutures; anterior lengthening of the nasals; elaboration of the nuchal crests; and blunting and thickening of the antorbital process. The consistent deviation of the rostrum 2–5° to the left and asymmetry of the palate, dentition, neurocranium, mandibles, and vertebrae in multiple specimens of Xenorophus sloanii suggest novel adaptations for directional hearing driven by the asymmetrically oriented pan bones of the mandibles. A second collection consisting of a skeleton and several skulls from the overlying Chandler Bridge Formation (24–23 Ma, Chattian) represents a new species, Xenorophus simplicidens n. sp., differing from Xenorophus sloanii in possessing shorter nasals, anteroposteriorly shorter supraorbital processes of the frontal, and teeth with fewer accessory cusps and less rugose enamel. Phylogenetic analysis supports monophyly of Xenorophus, with specimens of Xenorophus simplicidens nested within paraphyletic X. sloanii; in concert with stratigraphic data, these results support the interpretation of these species as part of an anagenetic lineage. New clade names are provided for the sister taxon to Xenorophidae (Ambyloccipita), and the odontocete clade excluding Xenorophidae, Ashleycetus, Mirocetus, and Simocetidae (Stegoceti). Analyses of tooth size, body size, temporal fossa length, orbit morphology, and the rostral proportion index, prompted by well-preserved remains of Xenorophus, provide insight into the early evolution of Odontoceti.

Bhdramustadi Churna a Miracle Herb for Dantachala (Tooth Mobility) – A Case Series

Background: Mukha is considered as one of the Nava Dwaras. Danta is one of the Sapta-Anga of Mukha according to Acharya Bhavprakash. Dantchala is one of Danta Roga according to Acharya Vagbhatta. Dantachala is a prevalent oral health issue affecting individuals globally, often leading to discomfort and impaired oral functions. In contemporize science, Dental mobility treatment is non-surgical and surgical periodontal treatment, splinting and occlusal adjustment. Acharyas has mentioned local therapies for its management. Material and methods: The study was a consecutive case series on four patients of Dantchala (~tooth mobility). In whom Lepana (~applying paste) with Bhdramustadi Churna (5 gm) mixed with Go-Mutra for 1 hour twice a day, after that Gandusha(~gargles) with Dashamoola Kwatha (5 gm) for 21 days was chosen as main treatment modalities. Here selected patients have History of accidental trauma in respected teeth. Result: Increased keratinization & regeneration of normal gingival tissues and Anti-inflammatory and Antibacterial properties, reduction of local inflammation so restoration of normal tissue occurs. Conclusion: The study concluded that after given treatment patient got complete relief. No adverse effect of treatment was observed.

Clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, and management strategies for permanent teeth with external root resorption after trauma

External root resorption is physiological or pathological destruction of the hard tissues on the root's external surface caused by various factors. Dental trauma is one of the main causes of pathological external root resorption. The manifestation and prognosis of external root resorption are closely related to the type of dental trauma, the degree of root damage, the stage of root development, and the presence of microbial infection et al. Effective management can prevent the occurrence of external root resorption or stop the progress of root resorption to avoid the early loss of traumatic teeth. This review focuses on the clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, and management strategies for permanent teeth with external root resorption after dental trauma, in order to provide a reference for the prevention and intervention of external root resorption after trauma in permanent teeth.