Efficacy of the use of a therapeutic composition containing stem cells in the augmentation of the alveolar ridge according to the indicators of bone remodeling markers in the saliva

Abstract

Maxillofacial bone defects may result from various pathological conditions, such as traumatic tooth extraction, aggressive periodontitis, jaw osteomyelitis, neoplasms, cysts, congenital malformations, and gunshot injuries. These circumstances can pose difficulties in addressing both (primary and secondary) dental adentia, especially when considering dental implantation. One of the current challenges in dentistry is to give more attention to the advancement of innovative osteoplastic materials. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a therapeutic composition that includes stem cells in enhancing the alveolar ridge, as suggested by bone remodeling markers in oral fluid. The research revealed that all study groups showed favorable changes in oral fluid markers of bone metabolism during the extended follow-up period (6-12 months), with statistically significant differences (p2<0.01, 0.05). However, in group A, acid phosphatase activity decreased by 12.98% (p>0.05) and 32.49% (p<0.01, p1<0.05), while alkaline phosphatase increased by 8.73% (p>0.05) and 15.16% (p>0.05), respectively, after one year of observation compared to groups B and C. Thus, it can be inferred that a reduction in acid phosphatase activity, along with a rise in alkaline phosphatase levels in oral fluid, suggests enhanced regenerative processes and the initiation of bone remodeling in the patients belonging to the study group. However, it seems that the procedures were particularly effective in patients belonging to group A, where we used the combination of “Bio-Oss”+MSCs-AT+PRP to fill bone defects. This suggests the best effectiveness of the composition we developed for alveolar ridge augmentation.