Trauma Inventory Self Research Articles

Childhood sexual abuse and hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis in postpartum major depression

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the association between early life events in women with postpartum major depression and concomitant hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis disturbances (HPTD), thyroid dysfunction or presence of thyroid antibodies. Methods Serum total tri-iodothyronine (TT3), free thyroxin (FT4), Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), Thyroperoxidasa (TPOAb) and Thyroglobulin (TGAb) autoantibodies was measured in 103 major postpartum depressive women. HPTD was defined as TSH and/or T4 abnormal, presence of thyroid autoantibodies and alterations of TT3. All women were assessed with a psychiatry structured interview for DSM-IV. Early Trauma Inventory Self Report, sociodemographic, reproductive, psychosocial and psychopathological variables were also assessed. Results Sixty three percent of women had suffered childhood trauma, which was childhood sexual abuse in 27.2%. Childhood sexual abuse in postpartum major depression women increased the risk for thyroid dysfunction (OR = 5.018, 95%CI = 1.128–22.327), presence of thyroid autoantibodies (OR = 2.528; 95%CI = 1.00–6.39) and HPTD (OR = 2.955; 95%CI = 1.191–7.32). Moreover, age over 34 (OR = 12.394; 95%CI = 1.424–107.910) and previous postpartum depression (OR = 8.470; 95%CI = 1.20–59.43) increased the risk for thyroid dysfunction in postpartum depression. Limitations The study design does not allow us to know the direction of the association and there is a lack of previous assessment of current posttraumatic stress disorder. Conclusions According to the present findings, childhood sexual abuse may represent an important risk factor for the presence of thyroid autoantibodies and HPTD in women with postpartum depression.

Early trauma and lifetime suicidal behavior in a nationwide sample of Korean medical students

BackgroundNo previous study has investigated the association between early trauma and suicidal behavior in medical students. We evaluated the types of early trauma which are the most strongly associated with a lifetime history of suicidal behavior in medical students. MethodA total of 6986 medical students completed a self-administered questionnaire (response rates: 49.6% of the entire medical student body in Korea) which included lifetime suicidal behavior, stressors, and the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form (ETISR-SF). This was used to evaluate the most serious forms of trauma experienced before the age of 18, including general trauma, physical, emotional and sexual abuse. ResultsAmong medical students, lifetime prevalence of suicidal behavior was 34.0% for those who experienced early trauma and 18.1% in those without a history of trauma (χ2=215.7, p<0.0001). Emotional abuse exhibited a higher odds ratio for lifetime suicidal behavior (OR=3.6, 95%CI=2.9–4.4) than other traumas including general trauma (OR=2.1, 95%CI=1.8–2.4), sexual (OR=2.0, 95%CI=1.5–2.8) or physical (OR=1.8, 95%CI=1.5–2.1) abuse, and current stressors including heavy stress (OR=1.5, 95%CI=1.4–1.8), poor physical health (OR=1.3, 95%CI=1.2–1.5), and poor economic status (OR=1.2, 95%CI=1.0–1.3). Emotional abuse also showed a higher odds ratio for lifetime suicidal ideation (OR=3.5, 95%CI=2.8–4.4), plan (OR=3.9, 95%CI=2.4–6.2), and attempt (OR=4.1, 95%CI=2.4–6.8) than other early traumas or stressors. In emotional abuse, a continuously cold or uncaring parental attitude exhibited a stronger association with lifetime suicidal behavior (OR=4.5, 95%CI=2.7–7.7) than other emotional abuse. ConclusionEmotional abuse, especially continuous parental emotional abuse in childhood, is significantly associated with lifetime suicidal behavior in Korean medical students.

S.22.01 From traumatic events to symptoms: a prospective-longitudinal investigation in the community

It has repeatedly been found that early-life traumatic events may contribute to metabolic dysregulation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between the history of childhood trauma and cardiovascular risk factors in first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients.The history of childhood trauma was assessed using the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report — Short Form (ETISR-SF) in 83 FES patients. Based on the ETISR-SF, patients were divided into those with positive and negative history of childhood trauma: FES(+) and FES(−) patients. Serum levels of fasting glucose lipids, homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folate, as well as anthropometric parameters and resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) were measured.The history of childhood trauma was associated with higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, SBP and DBP after covarying for age, gender, body mass index, education and chlorpromazine equivalent. There were significant correlations between scores of distinct ETISR-SF subscales and LDL, high-density lipoprotein, SBP, DBP and the number of metabolic syndrome criteria.Results of this study indicate that traumatic events during childhood might be related to higher resting blood pressure and higher LDL levels in adult FES patients.

Psychometric Properties of the Early Trauma Inventory–Self Report

Childhood trauma is an important public health problem, but there are limitations in our ability to measure childhood abuse. The purpose of this study was to develop a self-report instrument for the assessment of childhood trauma that is valid but simple to administer. A total of 288 subjects with and without trauma and psychiatric disorders were assessed with the Early Trauma Inventory-Self Report (ETI-SR), an instrument for the assessment of physical, emotional, and sexual abuse, as well as general traumas, which measures frequency, onset, emotional impact, and other variables. Validity and consistency of the ETI-SR using different methods of scoring was assessed. The ETI-SR was found to have good validity and internal consistency. No method was found to be superior to the simple method of counting the number of items endorsed as having ever occurred in terms of validity. Some items were found to be redundant or not necessary for the accurate measurement of trauma severity within specific domains. Subsequent analyses with a shortened checklist of items showed acceptable validity and internal consistency. These findings suggest that the ETI-SR is a valid measure of early trauma, and suggest future directions for a shortened version of the ETI-SR that could be more easily incorporated into clinical research studies and practice settings.

O-27-1 - Localization and characterization of serotonin 2A receptor in human brain postmortem

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been independently related to bipolar disorder (BD) and factors associated with suicidal risk. The aim of our study was to explore the relationship between NLR and suicide risk in euthymic BD patients. We also sought to propose a model of interaction between NLR and stress–diathesis factors, leading to suicidal risk in BD.The study group consisted of 83 patients diagnosed with BD (36 suicide attempters; 47 suicide non-attempters), compared to the healthy control group (n = 73) and matched according to age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). NLR was measured according to the complete blood count. Mood symptoms have been assessed by Young Mania Rating Scale and Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale. Early trauma and acute stress were evaluated by Early Trauma Inventory Self Report–Short Form and List of Threatening Experiences Questionnaire, respectively. Suicide risk has been assessed by Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R).Significant correlation was found between NLR and SBQ-R score. The main effects of suicide attempts on NLR, after covarying for confounders, were observed, indicating increased NLR in BD suicide attempters compared to healthy controls. We found significant moderatory effects of family history on NLR relationship to suicidal risk, with NLR being significant positive predictor of suicidal risk only in the patients with positive family history of suicide attempts.The results suggest an enhancing effect of positive family history of suicide attempts on predictive effect of NLR on suicide risk. Our data support the idea that immune markers can predict suicide attempt risk in BD, but only in the subpopulation of BD patients with family history of suicide attempts. This could lead to prevention in suicide behavior in the patient population at particular risk of suicide.

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