Trash Removal Research Articles

The Removal of Dust and Trash from Cotton Sliver by Segmental Drafting

Segmental drafting makes use of a roll with a discontinuous surface, located in the front, bottom position of a two zone drafting system. Segmental drafting removes more coarse trash and dust (larger than 43 μm) and slightly less fine dust than a continuous drafting roll used in the same position. Segment roll design, sliver production rate, drafting force, and draft ratio all have an effect on dust removal.

Production, Fiber Quality, and Ginning Performance of Low and High Pubescent Pima Cotton1

A high pubescent Pima (Gossypium barbadense L.) cultivar that has high yield potential and adequate fiber properties was identified and evaluated. Performance testing and fiber quality evaluation were obtained while developing these cottons. The high pubescent cultivar was found to have greater amounts of trash in the seed cotton samples after normal cleaning than low pubescent commercial cultivars. A ginning study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of two seed cotton cleaning treatments for removal of trash from the high pubescent, experimental cultivar and a low pubescent, commercial cultivar. A moderate seed cotton cleaning system was adequate for cleaning the low pubescent Pima cotton, but an elaborate seed cotton cleaning system was required for obtaining acceptable grades of the high pubescent Pima cotton, —

The Effects of Fiber Properties and Preparation on Trash Removal and Properties of Open-End Cotton Yarns

Cotton yarns of 36.9 Tex were spun at optimum twist levels on a Suessen Open-End Spin-tester at opening roller speeds of 5500 rpm, 7000 rpm, and 8500 rpm, and with waste-gap openings of 2.0 mm, 4.0 mm, and 5.5 mm from short and medium length cottons prepared with high and low gin cleaning. The spinning was performed at a constant rotor speed of 45,000 rpm and a static pressure in the spinning chamber equivalent to 7.9 × 10−5 Pa. Statistical analyses were performed on the data collected from physical tests performed on the yarn and on the amounts of trash extracted into the collection box and deposited in the rotor. These data are discussed along with a study of the nature of trash extracted into the collection box and deposited in the rotor. The results indicate that cotton fiber length was the most significant factor affecting yarn physical properties; yarns spun from short-length fibers were found to have better physical properties, less trash extracted into the collection box and deposited in the rotor, and fewer breakages than yarns spun from medium-length cottons. The degree of gin cleaning significantly affected only neps. More trash was extracted into the collection box and deposited in the rotor from cottons with a higher nonlint content after gin cleaning. Opening roller speed significantly affected single-end strength and thin places. As the opening roller speed increased, single-end strength increased, thin places decreased, the amount of trash extracted into the collection box decreased, and the amount of trash deposited into the rotor increased. The degree of waste-gap opening significantly affected single-end strength. At lower waste-gap openings, more trash was extracted into the collection box, and no significant effect on the amount of trash deposited in the rotor was found. The nature of trash extracted into the collection box was observed to be different from the trash deposited in the rotor.

Botanical trash present in cotton before and after saw-type lint cleaning

The % by weight content of leaf-like, stem, boll, seed, and weed materials sifted (3360 mum greater than particle size greater than or equal to 595 mum) from visible wastes of the Shirley Analyzer was determined for a lint sample taken after ginning but before cleaning and for a second lint sample taken after one stage of saw-type cleaning. The % by weight content for bract and leaf increased with decreasing trash particle size. The content of cotton seed coat fragments decreased with reduction in trash particle size. Approximately 1/4 of the botanical wastes consisted of weed materials, including grass particles. Lint cleaning was ineffective in reducing the % by weight content of leaf-like trash. Some selective removal of stem trash occurred as a function of lint cleaning.

The Effect of Certain Machine Parameters and Fiber Preparation on the Properties of Open-End Cotton Yarns

Cotton yarns of 32.81 tex with a twist multiplier of 4.0 were spun using six different drafts ranging from 86.54 to 140.63 on a Suesson Open-End Spintester from slivers that had been carded with and without crushrolls. The static pressure in the spinning chamber was held at two levels equivalent to 7.9 × 10−5 and 5.8 × 10−5 Pa. The spinning was performed at turbine speeds of 30,000, 45,000, and 60,000 rpm. Trash extracted by the machine was weighed after each spinning condition. Statistical analyses of data collected from yarn physical tests were performed. Analyses of variance results and graphical presentations are given. The results of the investigation indicate that increasing turbine speed deteriorates yarn physical properties significantly, but also results in more trash extracted; lower drafts yield better yarn evenness and fewer imperfections, but result in less waste extracted than the higher drafts; static pressure in the spinning chamber equivalent to 7.9 × 10−5 Pa results in better yarn evenness and fewer imperfections, but also decreases the trash removal efficiency; and the use of crushrolls at carding slightly lowers the tensile properites of the spun yarn. With respect to trash extraction, the visible foreign matter content of the slivers was lowered by the use of crushrolls; the data normalized to the foreign matter content show only a small effect due to the use of crushrolls at carding on the trash extraction efficiency of the system.

Sonic and Ultrasonic Irradiation of Cotton Fibers

An investigation was made of the effects of exposure to sonic and ultrasonic energy on the physical and chemical properties of Deltapine and Acala 4-42 cotton irradiated in partially degassed water. From the results of more than 1300 different tests, it appears that some of the cotton fibers properties can be modified. However, the main changes observed to date appear to be of a physical and not of a chemical nature. Cavitation, specially vaporous cavitation, has been singled out as the main factor responsible for fibers modification. Frequency and acoustic energy density in the liquid phase play a key role only because they indirectly control the intensity of cavitation phenomena. The importance of sample size for uniform irradiation has also been stressed. Irradia tion around 30 kcps with an energy density of 20 watts/liter and a cavitation activity of 220 cavits lead to strong fiber surface modifications and fibers entanglement after a few hours of insonation. Evidence of severe fibrillation has been established not only by optical and electron microscopic techniques but also through alkali swelling tests and Micronaire readings. Generally speaking the Deltapine variety of cotton grown under conditions of natural rainfall seems slightly more susceptible to cavitation effects than Acala 4-42 grown under irrigated conditions. It has also been clearly established that contrary to nonirradiated fibers, ultrasonically treated cotton enables to make paper sheets of acceptable tensile strength. From both the theoretical and experimental viewpoint a rather promising avenue seems to have been opened for future large scale ultrasonic fibrillating of fibers suspension. On the negative side we must mention that due to absorption phenomena high-power sonic irradiation does not seem a very promising tool for trash removal from raw cotton.