Transverse Placement Research Articles

Heat analysis and optimal design of fin-and-tube heat exchanger with X-truss vortex generators

The fin-and-tube heat exchangers (FTHE) are extensively applied in HVAC (Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning) system, power generation, process industries. The current study dedicates to develop an elliptical fin-and-tube heat exchanger filled with a novel X-VGs vortex generator (X-VGs), so as to improve the hydraulic and heat performance of FTHE. Two different placement schedules of vortex generator have been discussed firstly which are upper-flow (UF) and down-flow (DF)orientations. The effect of streamwise distance, transverse placement and main flow angel on air-side thermal hydraulic performance are investigated subsequently, the friction factor f, Colburn factor j, and performance evaluation criteria (PEC) j/f are analyzed separately corresponding to evaluate heat transfer effect, hydraulic characteristic and comprehensive performance. The results illustrate that increasement of streamwise distance and main flow angel would decrease the thermal hydraulic performance, while there is a nonlinear relationship between longitudinal placement and thermal hydraulic performance. The Genetic algorithm (GA) combined with radial basis function neuro network (RBFNN)prediction model is further employed to obtain the optimal layout of X-VGs, the best layout was obtained in streamwise space ratio at 1.995, longitudinal placement ratio 0.387 and main attack angel ratio 0.053, which achieved the increasement of 109.681% in PEC compared with baseline case.

PD22-11 DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTRALESIONAL INJECTION SIMULATOR MODEL OF PEYRONIE’S DISEASE TREATMENT

You have accessJournal of UrologySexual Function/Dysfunction/Andrology: Peyronie's Disease1 Apr 2014PD22-11 DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTRALESIONAL INJECTION SIMULATOR MODEL OF PEYRONIE’S DISEASE TREATMENT Martin K. Gelbard, Larry I. Lipshultz, James P. Tursi, Gregory J. Kaufman, Kimberly Gilbert, Denise Moses, Mohit Khera, and John P. Mulhall Martin K. GelbardMartin K. Gelbard More articles by this author , Larry I. LipshultzLarry I. Lipshultz More articles by this author , James P. TursiJames P. Tursi More articles by this author , Gregory J. KaufmanGregory J. Kaufman More articles by this author , Kimberly GilbertKimberly Gilbert More articles by this author , Denise MosesDenise Moses More articles by this author , Mohit KheraMohit Khera More articles by this author , and John P. MulhallJohn P. Mulhall More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2014.02.1862AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The use of collagenase clostridium histolyticum (CCH) for the treatment of Peyronie’s disease (PD) requires a targeted and precise injection of CCH into the PD plaque. This injection differs markedly from the use of currently non-FDA approved intralesional injections. Rather than a multiple puncture technique, CCH injection requires an accurate transverse placement of the needle into the plaque with the deposition of 0.25ml of solution. Furthermore, the safety and effectiveness of CCH injection requires accuracy of injection. We have designed and developed a simulation model to provide clinicians with an opportunity to practice and become familiar with the injection technique. METHODS A silicone penis model was developed in conjunction with Simatry LLC (Montvale, NJ) to simulate a flaccid penis housing 3 PD plaques (Figure). The plaques vary in size and location consistent with the types of plaques identified in patients with PD. Feedback was provided by a panel of clinical urologists on common plaque density, size, and feel to create appropriate clinical representation. The simulator was designed with electronic feedback via both visual and audio responses to identify the accuracy of the injection. RESULTS The model has 1 lateral plaque and 2 dorsal plaques (1 wide and 1 narrow) at various locations on the model penile shaft. Users can palpate plaques and apply pressure to elongate and stretch the model as part of the injection technique. A “smart syringe” provides both electronic and tactical feedback as to the location of the tip of the needle relative to the plaque, the amount of pressure used to traverse the resistance of the plaque, and injection pressure perceived with drug administration. CONCLUSIONS This injection simulator will provide training opportunities due to its unique design. It has been developed with consideration of aspects of the injection procedure for CCH, which differ from existing intralesional injection options. Use of such a model in physician training will increase urologists’ familiarity with the intralesional injection technique for CCH treatment of PD. © 2014FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 191Issue 4SApril 2014Page: e675-e676 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2014MetricsAuthor Information Martin K. Gelbard More articles by this author Larry I. Lipshultz More articles by this author James P. Tursi More articles by this author Gregory J. Kaufman More articles by this author Kimberly Gilbert More articles by this author Denise Moses More articles by this author Mohit Khera More articles by this author John P. Mulhall More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

V6-01 NERVE-SPARING TRANSDOUGLAS ROBOTIC ASSISTED PROSTATECTOMY: COMPLETE POSTERIOR APPROACH.

PD plaque. This injection differs markedly from the use of currently non-FDA approved intralesional injections. Rather than a multiple puncture technique, CCH injection requires an accurate transverse placement of the needle into the plaque with the deposition of 0.25ml of solution. Furthermore, the safety and effectiveness of CCH injection requires accuracy of injection. We have designed and developed a simulation model to provide clinicians with an opportunity to practice and become familiar with the injection technique. METHODS: A silicone penis model was developed in conjunction with Simatry LLC (Montvale, NJ) to simulate a flaccid penis housing 3 PD plaques (Figure). The plaques vary in size and location consistent with the types of plaques identified in patients with PD. Feedback was provided by a panel of clinical urologists on common plaque density, size, and feel to create appropriate clinical representation. The simulator was designed with electronic feedback via both visual and audio responses to identify the accuracy of the injection. RESULTS: The model has 1 lateral plaque and 2 dorsal plaques (1 wide and 1 narrow) at various locations on the model penile shaft. Users can palpate plaques and apply pressure to elongate and stretch the model as part of the injection technique. A “smart syringe” provides both electronic and tactical feedback as to the location of the tip of the needle relative to the plaque, the amount of pressure used to traverse the resistance of the plaque, and injection pressure perceived with drug administration. CONCLUSIONS: This injection simulator will provide training opportunities due to its unique design. It has been developed with consideration of aspects of the injection procedure for CCH, which differ from existing intralesional injection options. Use of such a model in physician training will increase urologists’ familiarity with the intralesional injection technique for CCH treatment of PD.

In vivo imaging of retinal pigment epithelium cells in age related macular degeneration.

Morgan and colleagues demonstrated that the RPE cell mosaic can be resolved in the living human eye non-invasively by imaging the short-wavelength autofluorescence using an adaptive optics (AO) ophthalmoscope. This method, based on the assumption that all subjects have the same longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA) correction, has proved difficult to use in diseased eyes, and in particular those affected by age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In this work, we improve Morgan's method by accounting for chromatic aberration variations by optimizing the confocal aperture axial and transverse placement through an automated iterative maximization of image intensity. The increase in image intensity after algorithmic aperture placement varied depending upon patient and aperture position prior to optimization but increases as large as a factor of 10 were observed. When using a confocal aperture of 3.4 Airy disks in diameter, images were obtained using retinal radiant exposures of less than 2.44 J/cm(2), which is ~22 times below the current ANSI maximum permissible exposure. RPE cell morphologies that were strikingly similar to those seen in postmortem histological studies were observed in AMD eyes, even in areas where the pattern of fluorescence appeared normal in commercial fundus autofluorescence (FAF) images. This new method can be used to study RPE morphology in AMD and other diseases, providing a powerful tool for understanding disease pathogenesis and progression, and offering a new means to assess the efficacy of treatments designed to restore RPE health.

Dynamic Performance Measurement and Modeling for a Prototype Accessory Drive System with Three Pulleys and One Tensioner

Accessory drive systems with tensioner have been wildly used in the automotive industry to drive accessories. At first, an experimental investigation of dynamic performance for a prototype accessory drive system (including one driving pulley, one driven pulley and one tensioner) is conducted. The experimental set-up is introduced in detail. The driven pulley speeds, radial force of tensioner pulley hub, transverse placement of belt span and angular placement of tensioner arm are measured with driving pulley speeds. It is analyzed that the influence of the speeds and vibration amplitudes of driving pulley on the dynamic performance. At last, the modeling methods for accessory drive system produced in previous studying by author are validated by comparing with experimental data.

The Analysis of the Artifacts due to the Simultaneous Use of Two Ultrasound Probes with Different/Similar Operating Frequencies

The ultrasound imaging has the potential to become a dominant technique for noninvasive therapies and least invasive surgeries. Few cases may require using multiple probes of different units with different modes of ultrasound on the same patient. It generates imaging artifacts, which makes it complicated to gather information from the acquired image. This study was to identify and analyse the artifacts which are produced by simultaneous use of two probes with different/same operating frequencies. Six imaging studies were performed. First of all, the imaging artifacts of the 3.5 MHz and 6 MHz center frequencies with similar (longitudinal) positions of the probes. Secondly, with similar operating frequencies the 6 MHz probe changed from longitudinal to transverse placement to analyse the resulting artifacts. The third study was done with transverse placement of 3.5 MHz probe. The rest of the three cases were just the repetition with common pulse frequencies. Such artifacts in 3D ultrasound images are more obscure than the other artifacts associated and reported.

The transverse placement laminoplasty using titanium miniplates for the reconstruction of the laminae in thoracic and lumbar lesion

Laminoplasty for thoracic and lumbar spine surgery enables surgeons to preserve the posterior arch of the spine while preventing invasion of hematoma and scar tissue, postoperative instability, subluxation, and kyphotic deformities. The authors have developed a new surgical technique: namely, transverse placement laminoplasty (TPL) using titanium miniplates. Eight patients and 18 laminae underwent TPL using a titanium mini-plate. The preoperative diagnoses were six intradural tumors, one ossification of a yellow ligament and one spontaneous spinal cord herniation. The mean blood loss was 219 g and the mean duration of surgery was 3 h and 54 min. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 2 years and 1 month. All eight patients started to sit with a soft brace within the second postoperative day, and were able to walk within the fifth postoperative day. There were no cases of spinal deformity, an invasion of hematoma or scar tissue into the spinal canal on magnetic resonance imaging, or back pain. TPL simultaneously enables surgeons to obtain sufficient field of vision and rigid early fixation of the reduced lamina at the time of surgery. Moreover, our novel technique also simplifies the postoperative treatment, while preserving the posterior arch of the spine, and also preventing an invasion of a hematoma and scar tissue, postoperative instability, subluxation, and kyphotic deformities.

Robotically assisted prostate brachytherapy with transrectal ultrasound guidance—Phantom experiments

Purpose To report the preliminary experimental results obtained with a robot-assisted transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)–guided prostate brachytherapy system. Methods and materials The system consists of a TRUS unit, a spatially coregistered needle insertion robot, and an FDA-approved treatment planning and image-registered implant system. The robot receives each entry/target coordinate pair of the implant plan, inserts a preloaded needle, and then the seeds are deposited. The needles/sources are tracked in TRUS, thus allowing the plan to be updated as the procedure progresses. Results The first insertion attempt was recorded for each needle, without adjustment. All clinically relevant locations were reached in a prostate phantom. Nonparallel and parallel needle trajectories were demonstrated. Based on TRUS, the average transverse placement error was 2 mm (worst case 2.5 mm, 80% less than 2 mm), and the average sagittal error was 2.5 mm (worst case 5.0 mm, 70% less than 2.5 mm). Conclusions The concept and technical viability of robot-assisted brachytherapy were demonstrated in phantoms. The kinematically decoupled robotic assistant device is inherently safe. Overall performance was promising, but further optimization is necessary to prove the possibility of improved dosimetry.

Localization of electrocutaneous stimuli on the fingers and forearm: effects of electrode configuration and body axis.

Four experiments were done on the effects of electrode configuration (concentric vs. unifocal) and body axis (longitudinal vs. transverse) on localization of electrocutaneous pulse stimuli at the fingers and forearm. Subjects pointed to the apparent location of current pulses. For the transverse placement of electrodes, pulses were localized correctly, whatever the configuration and the body site might be. In addition, intrasubject variability at the forearm was smaller for the transverse axis than for the longitudinal axis. For the longitudinal placement of electrodes, pulses were localized as a function of configuration and body site. At the fingers, concentric electrodes provided precise localization but unifocal electrodes provided a great mislocalization; and intrasubject variability of localization was larger for the unifocal electrodes than for the concentric electrodes. At the forearm, whatever the configuration might be, the pulses were localized more proximally than the stimulus site; and intrasubject variability of localization did not differ between the configurations. These results are related to Boring's anchor theory, apparent distance between two points, and the localization of other somatosensory stimuli.